Psychology and a new interest in human behavior patterns have been

important influences on the 20th century novel. Psychology is the science of

mental life both of the phenomenon and of their conditions which are
connected with feelings, desires, cognition, reasoning and decisions of the
mind. As a matter of fact, it was after 1907 and Sigmund Freud's study in
psychoanalysis that literary artists dared to attempt to disclose the entire
human consciousness. James Joyce's friends and critics have acknowledged
the writer's interest in and knowledge of the works of Freud (Joyce himself
gives this away in many allusions to Freud in Finnegans Wake.). One
particular statement of Freud's in his book, The Interpretation of Dreams, has
perhaps explained Joyce's later technique: The unconscious is the larger
circle which includes the smaller circle of conscious everything conscious has
a preliminary unconscious stage,....The unconscious is the true psychic
reality; in its inner nature, it is as much unknown to us as the reality of the
external world,....