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FIRE PROTECTION
IN MALAYSIA
CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASS
A
B
C
D
BURNING
MATERIAL
COMBUSTIBLE SOLID MATERIAL
SUCH AS WOOD, PAPER, RUBBER
etc
LIQUID SUCH AS PETROL, OIL,
DIESEL, KEROSENE etc
GAS SUCH AS LPG, ACETYLEENE &
NATURAL GAS
REACTIVE METAL SUCH AS
ALUMNINIUM, ZINC, SODIUM,
POTASIUM & CALCIUM
IGNITION BY ELECTRICITY
TYPE OF F/FIGHTING
WATER OR DRY POWDER
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING MALAYSIAN STANDARD;
M.S. 1179: Specification for portable fire extinguishers
M.S. 1180: Fire Extinguishers Media
M.S. 1181: Recharging fire extinguishers
M.S. 1182: Classification of fire
LOCATION AND SPACING
Located along exit routes
Beside exit doors
Beside staircase doors
About 15 m distance from the nearest people
CO2 portable fire extinguishers should be installed in electrical rooms, fire pump
rooms and lift motor rooms.
Dry powder portable fire extinguishers should be installed in storerooms.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
RELEVEN STANDARDS AS FOLLOWS;
B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard;
M.S. 1395: specification for pillar hydrant
HYDRANT OUTLETS
Not less than 6 m from building & not more than 30 m from entrance to the
building
Space not more than 90 m apart along the minimum 6 m in width road
Capable of withstanding a load of 26 tons of Fire brigade vehicles.
2 or 3 outlets pillar type with underground sluice valve
In owners boundary: should be provided with 30m of 65mm rubber-lined hose
(complete with nozzles) in steel cabinet beside each hydrant.
Underground hydrants are not encouraged due to difficulty of access
Capable to handle 1000 l/min & running pressure of 4 bars but max to 7 bars only
The hydrant mains are usually laid underground with cement lined steel pipe.
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material used for an area where corossion
is a major concern
HYDRANT PUMPS
Two sets of pumps (one duty & one standby)
Capable to supply 3000 l/min & running pressure of 4-7 bars to 3 hydrants at the
same time
Should be supplied with backup diesel/power generator incase of black out for at
least 2 hours
Batteries for diesel engine must be maintanance free type
Normally Jockey pumps driven by electrical motor at 120 l/min required to
maintain system presure
The pumps should be protected from the weather and away from flood area.
Pumps room should be ventilated plus signage
HYDRANT TANKS
Minimum capacity 180,000 litres ( 1 hr water supply for 3 hydrants)
Should be refilled automatically by supply pipe at 20l/s
Hydrant tanks are usually separate from other water storage tanks but may be combined
with other fire fighting system water tanks. So, tanks capacity is the sum total of all
tanks.
Tank material: pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided
External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm should be
painted.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARD;
B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard;
M.S. 1447: Hose reels with semi-rigid hose
Pr EN 694 : Semi-rigid hose for first aid fixed installations
HOSE REELS
The tank will automatically refill from water supply pipe of 50mm diameter and
minimum flow is 150/m
Usually hose reel tanks are separated from domestic water storage tank. However,
the two can be combined to give sum total capacity.
Tap off point of the domestic use must be above the tap off point of for the hose
reels so that minimum fire reserve is always maintained
DESCRIPTION
Internal hydrant to use by fireman which normally dry & depend on fire engine to
pump water into the system
Required for building of top most floor is higher than 18.3 m & less than 30.5 m
above the fire appliance access level
Breeching Inlets to the system are located at ground level (See Fig 8.1)
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARD;
B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard;
LANDING VALVE
Landing valves (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 2) are provided on each floor
Located at lobbies & staircases
Installed 0.75 m above floor level
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 4
Fire hose rubber-lined type complete with 65 mm diameter coupling & nozzle
should be provided in a hose cradle beside each landing valve
BREECHING INLET
The fire brigade breeching inlet (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 3) installed at the
bottom of the riser
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Dry Riser Inlet
A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the system after use
RISER PIPE
If the highest outlet is more than 23 m above the breeching inlet, use 150 mm dry
riser else 100 mm.
Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C tested at 21
bars
Horizontal pipework feeding the risers should be sloped for proper draining after use
An air release valve installed at the top to release air trapped in the system
Electrically earthed to achieve equipotential with the buliding
BREECHING INLET
Should be a 4-way type complying with M.S. 1210: Part 3)
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Wet Riser Inlet
A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser
Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m
from the nearest external hydrant outlet
Each wet riser should cover not more than 900 m sq floor area.
If more than one wet riser per floor, the distance apart between then not more than
60 m
The top most and the lowest wet riser should be less than 71 m
Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C
Pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint alternatively the
pipe can be colour coded by red band of 100 mm width with elbows and tees painted
red
Electrically earthed to achieve equipotential with the buliding
WET RISER PUMPS
2 sets op pumps. One on duty & the other on standby
The pump capacity 1500 l/m & pressure between 4-7 bars when any three landing
valves are in use at the same time.
Should be supplied with backup diesel/power generator incase of black out for at
least 2 hours
Electrical cabling should be fire rated type
Batteries for diesel engine must be maintanance free type
Should provide with CO2 portable extinguisher
The pumps should be protected from the weather and away from flood area.
6. DOWNCOMER SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
Internal hydrant for fireman to use and always charge with water from water
tank located on the top of the building WITHOUT any pump.
Only permitted to residential buildings with open balcony & the topmost floor is
not more than 60 maboe the fire appliance access level
150mm riser pipe with landing valve on each floor and to which rubber-lined
hose with nozzles
Pressure at landing valve depends on the static pressure on the valve from the roof
tank
2 sets of fire hose rubber-lined type (not less than 35mm dia. & 30 m in length)
complete with 65 mm diameter coupling & nozzle should be provided at the
caretakers unit or management office
BREECHING INLET
The fire brigate breeching inlets into which fireman will pump water into the
downcomer system located at ground floor
Should be a 4-way type complying with M.S. 1210: Part 3)
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Downcomer Inlet
A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser
Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m
from the nearest external hydrant
Check valve is installed between the topmost landing valve and the tank to prevent
back flow of the water from the downcomer into the tank
DOWNCOMER PIPE
Each downcomer should cover not more than 900 m sq floor area.
If more than one riser per floor, the distance apart between then not more than 60 m
The downcomer pipe diameter is 150 mm
Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C
An air release valve installed at the top to release air trapped in the system
Pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint alternatively the
pipe can be colour coded by red band of 100 mm width with elbows and tees painted
red
Electrically earthed to achieve equipotential with the buliding
Minimum capacity of 45,500 litres with automatic refill rate 455 l/m
Tank material: pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided
External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm
should be painted.
Tanks located on the roof
System consist of pumps, water tanks, control valve sets, sprinkler heads, flow
switches, pressure switches, pipework & valves
Sprinkler head has a liquid filled in glass bulb that breaks due to heat of the
fire & release water that spray over the fire
Common type sprinkler system installation shown in Fig 11.1
TYPE OF SPRINKLERS
Four types of sprinkler system as follows;
(i.)
(ii.)
(iii.)
Pre-action installation
Pipeworks always filled with air under pressure. A valves release air and
pipeworks filled with water when fire is detected by smoke or heat detectors.
Water is discharged through the sprinkler head only when the sprinkler bulb
breaks
(iv.)
Deluge Installation
Sprinkler head has no bulb.and water is discharge simultaneously from all heads
when fire is detected and the deluge valve is opened
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARDS;
LPC rules for Automatic Sprinklers,UK
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
As describe in B.S. 5306 Part 2, hazard is devided into three main categories as
follows:
a)
Light Hazard
non-industrial occupancies
low quantity of combustibility contents
example: apartments, flat, schools, hostel UTM & hospital
b)
Ordinary Hazard
Group I : Offices, restaurants & hotels
Group II : Laundries, bakeries & tobacco factories
Group III : Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
c)
High Hazard
SPRINKLER PUMPS
i)
Light Hazard
Head =15 m; Q = 300 dm3 /min at P = 1.5 bars
Head =30 m; Q = 340 dm3 /min at P = 1.8 bars
Head =45 m; Q = 375 dm3 /min at P = 2.3 bars
ii)
Ordinary Hazard
Group I : Offices, restaurants & hotels
Head =15 m; Q = 900 dm3 /min at P = 1.2 bars
Head =30 m; Q = 1150 dm3 /min at P = 1.9 bars
Head =45 m; Q = 1360 dm3 /min at P = 2.7 bars
Group III : Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
Head =15 m; Q = 2250 dm3 /min at P = 1.4 bars
Head =30 m; Q = 2700 dm3 /min at P = 2.0 bars
WATER TANKS
v)
Ordinary Hazard
Group I : Offices, restaurants & hotels
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 55 m3
Head =30 m; Tank capacity 70 m3
Head =45 m; Tank capacity 80 m3
Group III : Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 135 m3
Head =30 m; Tank capacity 160 m3
Head =45 m; Tank capacity 185 m3
SPRINKLER HEAD
Each sprinkler installation should have installation control valves which consist of
main stop valves, alarm valves, drain line with stop valve, flow rate & pressure
gauges
Maximum number of sprinklers to be fed from one set of installation control valve
shall be;
i) Light Hazard
ii) Ordinary Hazard
iii) High Hazard
: 500 sprinklers
: 1000 sprinklers
: 1000 sprinklers
SPRINKLER PIPEWORK