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Antecedent Facts
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_______________
1 Rollo, pp. 1449.
2 Penned by Associate Justice Elihu A. Ybaez, with Associate
Justices Romulo V. Borja and Mario V. Lopez, concurring id., at pp. 64
64A.
3 Id., at pp. 6567.
4 Id., at p. 50.
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In its Decision dated April 12, 2007, the LA found that
Cadizs indefinite suspension amounted to a constructive
dismissal nevertheless, the LA ruled that Cadiz was not
illegally dismissed as there was just cause for her
dismissal, that is, she engaged in premarital sexual
relations with her boyfriend resulting in a pregnancy out of
wedlock.6 The LA further stated that her immoral conduct
xxx [was] magnified as serious misconduct not only by her
getting pregnant as a result thereof before and without
marriage, but more than that, also by the fact that Brent is
an institution of the Episcopal Church in the Philippines
operating both a hospital and college where [Cadiz] was
employed.7 The LA also ruled that she was not entitled to
reinstatement at least until she marries her boyfriend, to
backwages and vacation/sick leave pay. Brent, however,
manifested that it was willing to pay her 13th month pay.
The dispositive portion of the decision reads:
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Resolution dated December 10, 2007. Her
motion for
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Ruling of the CA
I
THE HONORABLE [NLRC] GRAVELY ABUSED
ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT HELD THAT [CADIZS]
IMPREGNATION OUTSIDE OF WEDLOCK IS A
GROUND FOR THE TERMINATION OF [CADIZS]
EMPLOYMENT.14
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II
THE [NLRC] COMMITTED GRAVE ABUSE OF
DISCRETION WHEN IT UPHELD THE DISMISSAL
OF [CADIZ] ON THE GROUND THAT THE INDEFI
_______________
10 Id., at pp. 6263.
11 Id., at pp. 6464A.
12 Id., at pp. 6567.
13 Id., at p. 67.
14 Id., at pp. 2122.
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NITE
SUSPENSION
WAS
VALID
AND
REQUIRED [CADIZ] TO FIRST ENTER INTO
MARRIAGE BEFORE SHE CAN BE ADMITTED
BACK TO HER EMPLOYMENT.15
III
RESPONDENT [NLRC] GRAVELY ABUSED ITS
DISCRETION WHEN IT DENIED [CADIZS] CLAIM
FOR BACKWAGES, ALLOWANCES, SICK LEAVE
PAY, MATERNITY PAY AND MORAL AND
EXEMPLARY DAMAGES AND ATTORNEYS
FEES.16
IV
THE [CA] MISPLACED APPLICATION OF THE
MATERIAL DATA RULE RESULTING TO GRAVE
ABUSE OF DISCRETION WHEN IT DISMISSED
THE APPEAL.17
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wedlock. The LA deemed said act to be immoral,
which
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xxxx
2. Serious misconduct or willful disobedience by
the employee of the orders of his employer or
representative in connection with his work, such as,
but not limited to the following:
xxxx
b. Commission of immoral conduct or
indecency within the company premises, such as
an act of lasciviousness or any act which is
sinful and vulgar in nature.
c. Immorality, concubinage, bigamy.34
Its Employees Manual of Policies, meanwhile,
enumerates [a]cts of immorality such as scandalous
behaviour, acts of lasciviousness against any person
(patient, visitors, coworkers) within hospital premises35 as
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JARDELEZA, J.:
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At the heart of this case are two rights that are essential
to the concept of personal liberty and privacy, if they are to
be given any meaning at all. Brents act of dismissing
Christine Joy because of her pregnancy out of wedlock,
with the condition that she will be reinstated if she marries
her then boyfriend, unduly burdens first, her right to
choose whether to marry, and second, her right to decide
whether she will bear and rear her child without marriage.
These are personal decisions that go into the core of how
Christine Joy chooses to live her life. This Court cannot
countenance any undue burden that prejudices her right to
be free.
The Right to Choose Marriage
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o0o
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