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Any person who is responsible for carrying four main elements of management in
relationships over time.
Based on Levels
First Line Managers
The lowest level in an organization at which individuals are responsible for the work of
others. They direct non-management employees & they do not supervise other managers.
Ex : Foreman, supervisor, school principal & manager of league foot ball team.
Middle Managers
A manager who receives broad, overall strategies & policies from top managers top
managers & translate them into specific objectives & plan for first line managers to
implement.
Top Managers
In large organizations are also distinguished by the scope of the activities they manage.
Functional Manager
Manager who supervises employees with specialized skills in a single area of operation
such as accounting, personnel, finance, marketing or production.
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General Manager
A Manager responsible for the overall operation of a complex unit such as a company or
division.
Managerial Roles
A role is an organized set of behaviors. Henry Mint berg studied a variety of managerial
jobs to arrive at the ten most common roles of managers.
The relative importance of each role varies considerably by managerial level & functions.
Interpersonal Roles
Figurehead: Role played by the manager, when they represent the company at
ceremonial & symbolic function.
Leader: Role that manager play when they direct & coordinate the activities of
subordinates to accomplish organizational objectives.
Liaison: Role played by managers when they deal with people outside the organization.
Informational Roles
Effective managers build networks of contracts. Because of these contracts, managers are
the nerve centers of their organization. Monitor, disseminator & Spoke person, comprise
the information aspects of managerial works.
Monitor: Role played by managers when they seek, receive & screen information that
may affect the organization.
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Disseminator: Role played by managers when they are share knowledge or date with
subordinates & other members of the organization.
Spoke-person: Role managers play when they provide others with information that is to
be taken as the official position of the organization.
Decisional Roles
Managers use the information they receive to decide when and how to commit their
organization to new objectives and actions. Decisional roles are perhaps the most
important of the three classes of roles. As entrepreneurs, disturbance handlers, resource
allocators, and negotiators, managers are at the core of the organizations decisionmaking system.
Entrepreneur: The decisional role played by managers when they design and implement
a new project, enterprise, or even a business.
Disturbance handler: The decisional role played by managers when they deal with
problems and changes beyond their immediate control, such as a strike or a suppliers
bankruptcy.
Resource Allocator: The decisional role managers play when they choose among
competing demands for money, equipment, personal and so forth.
Negotiator: The decisional role managers play when they meet with individuals or
groups to discuss differences and reach some agreement.
Managerial Skills
Abilities related to performance that are not necessarily inborn and that fall in to three
groups for managers; technical, interpersonal and conceptual skills.
The relative mix of skills required depends on the managers level, responsibilities and
functions.
Technical Skills
The ability to apply specific methods, procedures and techniques in a specialized field.
Special technical skills needed by design engineers, market researches, accountants and
computer programmers.
Their skills are concrete and can usually be taught in college courses or on the job
training.
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Conceptual Skills
Thinking and planning abilities that depend heavily on the ability to view the
organization as a whole made up of inter related parts.
Conceptual skills are needed by all managers, but specially top managers.
Interpersonal Skills
The abilities to lead, motivate, manage conflict and work with others.
These skills are a key part of every managers job, regardless of level or function.
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