Chapter 3 answers

Exercise 3A
1
2
3

a 8x

b 2x

c 6x

d 4a + 7b

f 3x + 2y

g 4a + b

h 4a 4b

i 3x 4y

a 3ab

b 6x2y

c 12cd 3

d 9st2 + s2t

e 2mn + 4m2n

f 12x2y

g 6x2y2 xy

a 3a + 6

b 7b + 21

c 8m + 16

d 11p 77

e 4a 10

f 24p + 108

g 12b 27

h 20m 25

i 2 6a

j 42 24b

k 35 10b

l 14 21b

mx + 3

n 3x + 6
5y 1
t

2
5
b b2 + 7b

o 4a + 2
1
x
u
5 10
c c2 5c

p 4t 3

q 3x 12

r 3 5

f 10i + 14i

g 12j + 21j

h 4k 5k2

1
s 4x +
2
a a2 + 4a
e

20h2

i 
5

28h

m 10m2 20mn

n 10x2y + 15x

o 6p 15p2q

a 4a + 4b

b 5a + 5

c 8p 56

d 15 3p

e a2 + ab

g 30 6x

h 12a 21a

i 12a + 20a

j 6x2 21xy

3 2

6m2

+ 10m

10

b 3d + 3

c 2e + 5

d 3f 18

e 13g + 10

h 8a2 + 13a

i 10b2 9b

j 15a2 + 6a

k 2b2 15b

l 10

34 x 15
+
21
7
a 5y + 14
f x2 + x 6

9
5
b 7a 12

5x
+2
6
3x 9

r
4
4
c 16b 9

d a+1

g 2p2 + 7p + 5

h 10z

i 4y2 16y

7x 1
+
12 2

19 x 3

15
5

e 5
j 15z2 10z

b a + 13a + 40

c a + 12a + 27

d x 6x + 5

e x2 5x + 6

f a2 11a + 28

g x2 x 42

h x2 + 8x 33

i x2 5x 24

j x2 3x 54

k 6x2 + 17x + 12

l 15x2 + 22x + 8

x2

+ 10x + 21

5x2

+ 11x + 2

2a2

11a + 15

r 6a + 13a 5

6x2

+ 7x 5

11x 3

v 8x2 + 26x 7

t 6p2 + 11p 10

w 15x2 46x + 16

b 6m 7mn 3n

c 6p + pq 5q

e 6x2 + 13xy 5y2

f 6c2 + 35cd 6d2

g 8p2 + 2pq 3q2

h 3b2 + 5ab 2a2

i 15q2 4pq 4p2

a x2 + 2x + 1

b 9x2 + 12x + 4

c 4a2 + 4ab + b2

9a2

+ 24ab +

16b2

i x 2x + 1

4x2

+ 12xy +

9y2

j 4a 12ab + 9b
2

p 6x2 13x + 5

d 3x2 + 13ax 10a2

2a2

+ 7ab + 3b

20x2

s 8m + 2m 3

12

g j6

e
11

l 10d 2 20de

4cd

a 8a + 23

u 12x2 + 13x 14
9

8c2

f 3i 30

d 6g2 10g

j 6ac + 3bc

f
6

e 2t s

x2

x 6x2 17x + 5

d 4a2 + 12ab + 9b2

14x + 49

h x2 2xy + y2
2

k 9a 24ab + 16b

l 4x2 12xy + 9y2

c y 4

d b 1

e 4a2 9

f 25 x2
l 49r2 4t2

a x 9

b a 49

g 49 9y2

h 4m2 p2

i 9x2 4y2

j a2 9b2

k 64m2 25n2

a x2 64

b 4a2 + 4a + 1

c 4a2 1

d 9 4x2

e 9 + 12a + 4a2

f 9 12x + 4x2

g a2 + 6ab + 9b2

h a2 9b2

i a2 6ab + 9b2

b b=3

c x=

9
2
h y=6

d y = 5

e x=6

i a=3
26
f a=
17

j b = 1

Exercise 3B
1

40 4

a a=2
22
f y=
5
a x = 3

g x=4
b x=2

c x = 3

I C E - E M M AT H E M AT I C S

d x = 2

23
e x=
5

g y = 2

h x=

55
28

YEAR 10 BOOK 1

ISBN 978-1-107-64844-9
The University of Melbourne / AMSI 2011
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.

Cambridge University Press

e x> 7
2
2
j x
3

a x>3

b x2

c x 4

d x > 8

g x1

h x<8

i x>

b x7

c x 13

d x < 11

e x 12

g x<4

h x

i x 20

j x<5

4
5
11
a x>
2
9
f x<
2
28

$90

9 4 km/h

f x

6 width 5m, length 13m

29
4

1
2

7 17 and 25

10 $840 000

Exercise 3C
1

Giorgio 7 km/h, Fred 5 km/h

2 2L

17 20-cent pieces, 10 $2 coins

4 $3600

1.5 L

7 A to B 305 km, B to C 335 km

a $129
150 x
a y
2

b $112, $142

9 26 hours

b i y 57.5

ii y 50.5

11

5 12 12 hours, 7 hours
10 When sales exceed $1700

Exercise 3D
1

127

2 43.2

3 44.7

a 339 cm2

b 109 cm2

c 3695 cm2

6
5

5 2.45

a 465

b 1275

c 7260

88.36

10 99 cm

11 20 mm

12

a y=zx

b r =

A
s

c y=

ax
t

d v=

2w
m

m2
4

f m=

k2
4t

g p=

b2
a+b

h t=

x1
x+1

e x=

j r =

i a = c2 b2
m k = h g t
2

n a=

nq
v2
mbc
bc mc mb

d 5985

t
l L = g
2

k q = n v 3r
o A=

6 2.92

B2 + C 2
2B

p s=

rc
c rv

Exercise 3E
1

a (b + 2)(b 2)

b (y + 6)(y 6)

c (3 + a)(3 a)

e (3x + 4)(3x 4)

f (5a + 1)(5a 1)

g 16(y + 2)(y 2)

h (a + 2b)(a 2b)

i (3x + y)(3x y)

j 2(2x + 1)(2x 1)

k 3(2 + y)(2 y)

l 5(m + 2n)(m 2n)

m 3(3r + t)(3r t)

n 7(a + 2b)(a 2b)

o 5(x + 2y)(x 2y)

p (1 + 3ab)(1 3ab)

e
3

a
d
g

( x + 3 )( x 3 )
( x + 21 )( x 21 )
( x + 2 5 )( x 2 5 )
( x + 2 6 )( x 2 6 )
( x + 5 5 )( x 5 5 )

3
3
j x +

x
2
2

d (7 + x)(7 x)

( x + 7 )( x 7 ) c ( x + 13 )( x 13 ) d ( x + 6 )( x 6 )
( x + 17 )( x 17 ) g ( x + 19 )( x 19 ) h ( x + 23 )( x 23 )
c ( x + 3 3 )( x 3 3 )
b ( x + 3 2 )( x 3 2 )
f ( x + 2 7 )( x 2 7 )
e ( x + 2 10 ) ( x 2 10 )
h

( x + 10 2 )( x 10 2 )

5
5
k x +

x
3
3

7
7
i x +

x
5
5

11
11
l x +

x
4
4

a (x + 2 + 2)(x + 2 2)

b (x 1 + 3)(x 1 3)

c (x 5 + 5)(x 5 5)

d (x + 3 + 7)(x + 3 7)

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
ISBN 978-1-107-64844-9
The University of Melbourne / AMSI 2011
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.

405

Cambridge University Press


2
2
e x 4 +

x 4
2
2

3
3
f x 1 +

x 1
3
3

( x 1 + 2 3 )( x 1 2 3 )

( x + 3 + 2 2 )( x + 3 2 2 )

5
5

x + 3 +
x + 3
3
3

7
7
j x 2 +

x 2
3
3

(2x + 1 + 3 3 ) (2x + 1 3 3 )

(3x + 1 + 2 3 ) (3x + 1 2 3 )
15
4x 1
5

n 4x 1 +

6
6
m 2x 3 +

2x 3
3
3

15

o 12z(3z + 2)
5

(
)(
)
3( x + 2 3 )( x 2 3 )
3( x + 2 + 2 )( x + 2 2 )
2 ( x + 3 + 2 ) ( x + 3 2 )

(
)(
)
2 ( x + 3 2 )( x 3 2 )
3( x 2 + 2 2 )( x 2 2 2 )
4 ( x 2 + 5 )( x 2 5 )

b 3 x+ 2 x 2

c 5 x+ 3 x 3

g
j
6

(
)(
)
4 ( x + 7 )( x 7 )
2 ( x + 1 + 5 )( x + 1 5 )
2 ( x + 1 + 2 3 )( x + 1 2 3 )
( a b )( a + b )

a 2 x+ 7 x 7

h
k
b

a +

i
l

Exercise 3F
1

a (x + 1)(x + 8)

b (x + 1)(x + 6)

c (x + 2)(x + 6)

d (x + 2)(x + 4)

e (x + 3)(x + 9)

f (x + 6)2

g (x + 3)2

h (x + 3)(x + 8)

i (x + 3)(x 2)

j (x + 6)(x 5)

k (x + 8)(x 5)

l (x + 10)(x 6)

5)2

p (x 2)(x 16)

m (x 1)(x 6)

n (x 3)(x 4)

o (x

q (x + 5)(x 7)

r (x + 5)(x 6)

s (x + 2)(x 5)

t (x + 3)(x 7)

u 3(x 1)(x 5)

v 2(x + 8)(x 3)

w 4(x + 4)(x 6)

x 5(x + 12)(x 2)

y 3(x + 1)(x 3)

z 2(x + 7)(x 4)

a (m + 3)(x + 2)

b (x 4)(x 3)

c (a 9)(b 7)

d (2x + 5)(x 1)

e (3a + 5)(b + 2)

f (2x + y)(3x 2y)

g (2a 5)(b 6)

h (x + 2)2(x 2)

i (4x 5)(3 2y)

j (5x 2y)(2x + 3y)

a (x 11)(x + 7)

b (z 5)(z + 5)

c 2x(x 3)

f (x + y)(x y)

g (x + 10)(x + 4)

h (x

)(

x63 2 x6+3 2

n (x + 5)(x 3)

o 2(x 3)(x 4)

s (x + y)(x + z)

t (3a b)(2a 3)

7)2

d 5a2(4 a)
e (x + 3)(y + 2)
i x 11 x + 11

)(

k (11 a)(7 + a)

l (x 13)(x 2)

m (z + 3)2

p 3(x 8)(x 1)

q 25(2 x)(2 + x)

r (8p 9q)(8p + 9q)

Exercise 3G
1
2

40 6

a (2x + 1)(x + 1)

b (3x 2)(x 1)

c (5x 2)(x 1)

d (5x 1)(3x + 1)

f (4x + 3)(2x 1)

g (5x 4)(4x 3)

h (x + 11)(x 2)

i 12(x 3)(x + 2)

a (2x + 3)(x + 2)

b (2x + 1)(x + 5)

c (2x + 3)(x + 3)

d (3x + 2)(x + 3)

e (3x + 1)(x + 3)

f (3x + 2)(x + 4)

g (2x + 5)(x 2)

h (2x + 1)(x 7)

i (3x + 5)(x 2)

j (5x + 4)(x 1)

k (5x 3)(x + 2)

l (7x + 1)(x 3)

m (3x 1)(x + 9)

n (7x + 10)(x 1)

o (5x + 6)(x 2)

p (3x 2)(x + 2)

q (3x + 2)(x 7)

r (4x 1)(x + 3)

a (3x 2)(2x + 1)

b (4x 3)(2x + 1)

c (3x 2)(2x + 3)

d (5x 2)(3x 2)

e (3x 2)2

f (2x + 3)2

g (5x + 3)(2x 3)

h (4x + 9)(3x 2)

i (5x 2)(2x 3)

j (4x 3)(3x 2)

k (4x 3)(3x 1)

l (5x 2)(3x 5)

m 2(5x 2)(2x 5)

n 3(4x + 3)(2x 1)

o 2(3x 2)(2x 3)

p 2(3x + 4)(2x + 3)

q 5(4x 3)(2x + 1)

r 2(4x 3)(2x 7)

I C E - E M M AT H E M AT I C S

e (3x 2)(2x 1)

YEAR 10 BOOK 1

ISBN 978-1-107-64844-9
The University of Melbourne / AMSI 2011
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.

Cambridge University Press

a (2x + 1)(3x + 2)

b (2x 3)(3x 1)

c (2x + 3)(3x + 5)

d (3x 4)(3x 2)

e (a 8)(a + 7)

f (2x 1)(3x + 4)

g (x 9)(x + 1)

h 4(2x + 1)(3x 2)

i (x 8)(3x 7)

j 5 2 5x 2 5+x k

l
5

3 10

)(

)(

2 (a 3) 3 10 +

a (x + y 3)(x y)

2 (a 3)

) (

b (x y 5)(x + y)

)(

2 x 1 15 2 x 1 + 15

c (x 4)(x 1)

e (a + 2b)(a 2b 1)

f (3x + 2y)(3x 2y 1)

h (x + 3)(x 9)

i (2x + 1)(2x + 4)

d (x + 6)(x + 1)
g (a + 2d)(a 2d 1)

j (x 11)(x 4)

Exercise 3H
1

4x
5

g 1
2

a
4

9x
20
9b
f
20
4 b + 13
k
12
a

b
g
l

x+4
x4

c 3

d x3

x3
x+4
11x
c
20
5 x
h
12
10 5 x
m
6

2x 5
x4
16 x
d
35
1 2z
i
35
50 x 3
n
30

x
15
9x + 3
20
5k 3
42

a x=6

b x=8

c x=3

d x = 12

h x = 108

i x=9

j x=3

k x=3

x+2
x+4
23a
e
20
13c + 1
j
15

42
13
l x=4
e

f 2x + 9

e x6
k

f x=2

g x = 20

mx = 3

n x = 2

Exercise 3I
1

a+b
b
x+4
g
x2

x+ y
x y
a2
h
2
b

2y + x
3(2 x + y)

( x 2)(3 x 1)
6( x + 2)

3x 2
9

j 2x

x2 x + 6
( x 2)( x + 2)

x
6( x 3)
f

2
2x + 3

2( x + 4)
x+3

+
+
+
+

3
5
3a
2

(a 3) (a + 2)
( x + 4)( x 3)
x2
6y
4x
2

a
(a 4)(a + 1)(a 2)
5 x + 49

x+7
x + 13
x1
f
4x + 7

y
y
1
3)

f 3(x y)
l

3x y
4x y

x
( x + 3)

h 2x

( x 2)2

x 9
x2 + 2
( x 1)( x 3)( x + 2)

a2

49 x
2
e
( x 4)( x 6)

4(4 a 1)
(5a + 3)(2a 1)(a + 4)

2x
3x
4x
e
x
a

x+
x
2x
k
4( x

b+1
b
x+2
j
x+1

b
b
3
7

(a + 1)2
a(a 1)
f
a+1

a 2 + 3x 2
d
2ax

i
3a 2

2
e
( x 2)( x + 2)( x + 4)

a
a
x
x

x y
x

2x + 5
( x + 2)( x + 3)

x+5
( x 1)( x + 3)

4x
(2 x 3)(2 x + 3)

12
a2 1

1
(2 x + 1)( x 1)(3 x 2)

13a + 2
a2 9
x
x+1
x+1
g
x+5

a 11
a2

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
ISBN 978-1-107-64844-9
The University of Melbourne / AMSI 2011
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.

407

Cambridge University Press

a x=2

b x=

e x=7

f x=4

28
5x

1
5

13
2
1
g x=
7

28
5
21
b x=
5
b x=

10

a x=8

d x = 17

c x=

h x=7

8 x = 18

9 x=2

54
13

d x=6

c x=

e x=2

f x=

2
5

Review exercise
1
2
3
4

a 2a 8

b 3b 18

c 4m 20

d 12b + 20

g 8p + 4

h 15q + 30

i 4p + 5

a d2 9d

b 3e2 + e

c 5f 2 + 6f

d 10m2 + 8m

6x2

6z2

e 20b + 35
e 15n2 21n

f 6pq 10pr

a 2c + 5

b 7h + 4

c 4 + 3q

d 4ab

f b 22

g 12y2 11y 15

h 6p2 6p 4

i x2 + 7x + 12

l 6x + 7x 10

m 7x 36x + 5

n 2m2 + 7mn + 3n2

a x=3

b x=5

c x=2

d x = 15

f x=4

g x=

m 20

m2

15xy

24
13

+ 8zy

i 6a +

h x = 20

8a2b
19 x 10

12
3
j a2 14a + 45

e x = 10

i x=2
7
b x<
2

a x>4

5
d x
2

c x 9

11 10

2
e x
7
2

4
f x
3
1

7
g x
5

h x 15

1
i x
8

16

15

14

13

b a=

p
b
4

12

12
a
7

a h=

10

a (7 + z)(7 z)

b (3 + 2a)(3 2a)

c (5 + 8x)(5 8x)

d (ab + 2cd)(ab 2cd)

e (3x + 1)(3x 1)

f (6p + 7q)(6p 7q)

g (1 + 10b)(1 10b)

h (11a + 9b)(11a 9b)

11

a
d

40 8

d 20x3y 10x2y

f 5a + 8

k
5

c 5ab ab2

b 7p3q

a 13x

b 3
A r 2
r

8 a 52
2
A
2
r
r

b h=

( x 11 )( x + 11 )
( x 4 2 )( x + 4 2 )

I C E - E M M AT H E M AT I C S

b
e

c u=

( x 15 )( x + 15 )
( x 5 2 )( x + 5 2 )

v2

2E
m

c
f

d x=

c 1
cb + by b(c + y)
=
ca
ca

( x 2 7 )( x + 2 7 )
( x 3 5 )( x + 3 5 )

YEAR 10 BOOK 1

ISBN 978-1-107-64844-9
The University of Melbourne / AMSI 2011
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.

Cambridge University Press