Test to determine whether there has been a valid exercise of police power; Lawful Subject Matter; Lawful Means

Subject matter must be lawful and the means in achieving the purpose must likewise be lawful or legal.
Meaning it must not be oppressive and reasonably necessary in order to accomplish the purpose of the law. Any
challenge to the constitutionality of the exercise of the power, the law passed in the exercise of police power, it can be
done either facial or as applied. You know already the difference. On other words, even before its implementation, on
the face of the law it is contrary to the constitution, it can be challenged as to its constitutionality.