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Kultur Dokumente
Computers 2009
Chapter 12
Information System
Development
Chapter 12 Objectives
List the phases in the system development cycle
Describe the various tools used in object modeling
Identify the guidelines for system development
Explain the activities performed in the design phase
Discuss the importance of project management,
feasibility assessment, documentation, and data and
information gathering techniques
Next
SystemSet of components
that interact to achieve
common goal
Businesses use many types of
systems
p. 620
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Phase 1. Planning
Phase 3. Design
Acquire hardware
and software, if
necessary
Develop details of
system
Phase 4. Implementation
Next
p. 621 - 622
Next
Next
p. 622 - 623
Next
p. 623
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Required activities
Order of activities
p. 623
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Next
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Measure of
how suitable
system
development
will be to the
company
Four feasibility
tests:
Schedule
feasibility
Economic
feasibility
(also called
cost/benefit
feasibility)
p. 625
Technical
feasibility
Next
p. 625
Next
Next
To correct problem
in existing system
To improve
existing system
Competition can
lead to change
p. 626 - 627
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Also called
project request
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Planning Phase
What is the planning phase?
Begins when steering committee receives project request
Steering
committee
decision-making
body for the
company
Function of committee:
Review and
approve project
requests
Prioritize
project requests
Allocate
resources
p. 629
Form project
development
team for each
approved
project
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Analysis Phase
What is the analysis phase?
Conduct preliminary
investigation, also
called feasibility
study
p. 630
Perform detailed
analysis
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Analysis Phase
What is the preliminary investigation?
Next
Analysis Phase
What is detailed analysis?
1. Study how current system
works
3. Recommend solution
p. 631
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Analysis Phase
What is process modeling?
Technique that describes processes that
transform inputs into outputs
Also called structured analysis and design
Entity-relationship diagrams
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Analysis Phase
What is an entity-relationship diagram (ERD)?
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Analysis Phase
What is a data flow diagram (DFD)?
Tool that graphically shows flow of data in system
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Analysis Phase
What is a project dictionary?
Contains all
the documentation
and deliverables
of project
Variety of
techniques to
enter items in
project dictionary
Structured English
Decision tables
Decision trees
Data dictionary
p. 633 - 635
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Analysis Phase
What is Structured English?
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Analysis Phase
What is a decision table?
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Analysis Phase
What is a decision tree?
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Analysis Phase
What is a data dictionary?
Stores name,
description, and
other details
about each data
item
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Analysis Phase
What is object modeling?
Combines data with
the processes that act
on data into single
unit called an object
Sometimes called
object-oriented (OO)
analysis and design
Uses Unified
Modeling Language
(UML)graphical tool
for documenting system
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Analysis Phase
What is a use case diagram?
Graphically shows how actors
interact with information system
Actoruser or
other entity
Use case
function that
actor can
perform
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Analysis Phase
What is a class diagram?
Graphically shows classes and subclasses in system
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Analysis Phase
What is the
system proposal?
Assesses
feasibility
of each
alternative
solution
Recommends
the most
feasible
solution for
the project
p. 636
Presented to
steering
committee,
which decides
how system will
be developed
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Analysis Phase
What are possible solutions?
Buy packaged softwareprewritten
software available for purchase
Horizontal market
softwaremeets
needs of many
companies
Vertical market
softwaredesigned
for particular industry
p. 637
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Analysis Phase
What is an example of outsourcing?
Using Internet solutions provider
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Design Phase
What is the design phase?
p. 639
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Design Phase
CLICK TO START
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Design Phase
What is needed to acquire new hardware and software?
Solicit vendor
proposals
Make a decision
p. 639
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Design Phase
What are three basic documents used to summarize
technical specifications?
Identifies
product(s)
you want
Vendor selects
product(s) that
meet(s) your
requirements and
then quotes
price(s)
Vendor quotes
price(s) for
listed
product(s)
Design Phase
What is a turnkey solution?
Complete system provided by value-added reseller
Value-added reseller
(VAR) purchases products
from manufacturer and
then resells them, offering
additional services with
product
Authorized VARs must
meet certain manufacturerspecified requirements
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Design Phase
How do systems analysts test software products?
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Design Phase
What is a detailed design?
Detailed design specifications for components in proposed solution
Sometimes called
physical design
Input and
output design
p. 641
Program
design
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Design Phase
What is a mockup?
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Design Phase
What is a layout chart?
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Design Phase
What is a prototype?
Working model of
proposed system
Beginning a prototype
too early may lead to
problems
p. 642
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Design Phase
What is computer-aided software engineering (CASE)?
Project repositoryStores
diagrams, specifications,
descriptions, programs, and
other deliverables
GraphicsEnables drawing
of diagrams
Quality assuranceAnalyzes
deliverables for accuracy
PrototypingCreates
models of proposed system
Code generatorsCreate
actual computer programs
from design specifications
HousekeepingEstablishes
user accounts and provides
backup and recovery
functions
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Design Phase
What is integrated computer-aided software
engineering (I-CASE)?
Next
Design Phase
What is an inspection?
Formal review by
project team and users
of any system development
cycle deliverable
p. 643
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Implementation Phase
What is the implementation phase?
Develop programs
p. 643
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Implementation Phase
What is the program development cycle?
Programmers write
programs from
specifications
Follows six steps
Analyze
requirements
Document
solution
Design
solution
Validate
design
Test
solution
Implement
design
p. 643
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Implementation Phase
What are the four types of tests performed by system
developers?
p. 644
Unit Test
Systems test
Verifies each
individual program
works by itself
Integration Test
Acceptance Test
Verifies application
works with other
applications
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Implementation Phase
What is training?
Next
Implementation Phase
What are conversion strategies?
Next
p. 646
Next
Identify all
information
assets of an
organization
Identify all
security risks
that may
cause an
information
asset loss
Next
Chapter 12 Complete