MODEL PROJECT REPORT

for Broiler Farming on Contract system

PROJECT REPORT FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF 9,000

COMMERCIAL BROILERS PER CYCLE IN DEEP LITTER SYSTEM OF
HOUSING (ALL IN ALL OUT SYSTEM )
CHAPTER I
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PROJECT REPORT
A: ABOUT THE PROMOTER
Name of the Entrepreneur : Stalwarz International Co. Limited
Address

: .....................................

Contact No.

: .....................................

Date of Birth

: ....................................

Educational Qualification

: ...................................

Experience

: ..................................

B: PROJECT PROFILE
1. Name of the Establishment

: Poultry Farms

2. Project Location

: S.....................

1. Types of Birds

: Poultry (Broiler)

2. Name of Contract Farming Company : Venkateshwara Hatcharies Limited

3. Unit Size

: 9000 Birds

4. Product

: Birds, Manure etc.

5. Cost of the Project

6. Bank Loan

7. Margin Money

8. Financial Indicators
BCR at 15% DF

NPW 15% DF (Rs)

IRR (%)

DSCR

9. Interest Rate

: 12

10.Repayment

: 6 years

CHAPTER - II

INTRODUCTION
Poultry farming is an important source of subsidiary income to small /
marginal farmers and agricultural laborers. The manure from birds provides a
good source of organic matter for improving soil fertility and crop yields.
Since agriculture is mostly seasonal, there is possibility of finding employment
throughout the year for many persons through poultry farming. With the
adequate infrastructural facilities especially for broiler production has become
increasingly popular in and around. The present demand in the area is more.
It is increasing day by day and present strength of the flock in the area is not
in a position to meet the growing demand. Beside the traders come from near
by towns / cities at regular intervals to lift the produce. To take care of the
health hazards, adequate veterinary aid facilities are available in the nearby
town through the State Animal Husbandry Department dispensary.
OBJECTIVE
To meet the growing demand of Broilers, I intended to establish a Broiler farm
initially with Broilers which will be reared on deep litter system / cages. All
inputs require for rearing of birds are provided by contract farming company.
After rearing all birds are marketed to the company on contract basis.
LOCATION
The proposed unit will be located on a piece of land which is almost leveled
and is well connected to approach road, Electricity is available near the farm
site. A tube well with electric motor pump set is already existing in this land
and this water will be used for proposed poultry farm and adequate water of
good quality is available in this tube well.
HOUSING
Provision has been made for the construction of a brooder cum grower house
measuring at a rate of 1 square feet per bird, Besides it, farm will have a
small store room and servants quarter. Construction of house will be pucka
with asbestos roofing. The laying of pipeline for supply of adequate water
supply is also be done.

EQUIPMENT

Standard equipments are available from various equipment manufacturers

located in the nearby cities.
CHICKS
One day old commercial hybrid chicks are available from the hatcheries. In
order to cover transportation, hatchery is supplying 3% extra chicks. Chicks
will be vaccinated against Rd and Mareks at source. Chicks will be purchased
in lots at regular intervals.
FEED
Company will provide feeds require to birds on contract basis.
MEDICINE AND VETERINARY AID
The person who will be looking after the day-to-day management of the farm
is conversant with the use of medicines. In case of need, the sick birds will be
taken to the disease investigation laboratory located in town. For various
operations like vaccination, medication etc. a poultry specialist visits the area
at regular intervals.

POULTRY HOUSING
Poultry Housing :
Select well raised land and away from residential area for poultry

sheds.
Land with hard rock or murram is more suitable. Avoid water logging

and flooding near the sheds.

Select a place with dequate facility for water, electricity, approach road,

supply of chicks, feed, veterinary aid

See that selected place near to market for sale of live birds and

dressed chicken.
Provide adequate floor space (i.e., minimum 1sft per bird), feeding

space and watering space per bird.

Construction of sheds in such a way that the end walls face East-West
direction and the side walls face North-South direction, so that rain

water will not enter the sheds.

Raise the floor of the shed at least one feet above the outside ground

level.
Provide 3 to 4 feet overhang of the roof to avoid entry of rainwater

inside the shed.

The distance between two sheds is not less than 50 feet.

Provide adequate light and ventilation and comfortable housing

conditions during all seasons (cool in summer and warm in winter).

Construct sheds in such a way that predators (cats/dogs/snakes) will

not enter the shed. Avoid entry of rats by constructing rat proof civil

structures.
Keep one tube-light for every 400 sft area.

The width of the shed must not be more than 30 feet. 24 to 28 feet is

idle. No restriction on length.

After disposal of every batch of birds the dirty litter material and
manure should be removed, walls and floors should be cleaned, white

washed with lime and disinfected with 0.5% disinfectants.

If deep litter system is followed, always use dry and clean litter
material (sawdust, paddy husk, etc.). Spread 4" layer of litter on the
floor, keep clean/disinfect brooding, feeding and watering equipment

and then introduce chicks in the house.

The litter material should be always kept loose and dry. Stir the litter
twice a week. Any wet litter/droppings etc. should be removed and
replaced with fresh/clean dry litter.
CHAPTER III

MARKET POTENTIAL
The domestic broiler meat demand is growing at the rate of 15 18% on
back of factors like rising purchasing power, changing food habits and
increasing urbanization. The growth is supported by implementation of large
scale contract poultry farming by integrated players. Overall domestic poultry
market size is estimated at Rs. 47000 crore with broiler meat. Globally India
ranks fourth in Broiler meat production with annual production of 2.9 million
ton (MT).
Contract farming is billed to be veritable instrument to address many of the
traditional ills affecting the agriculture sector and the farmers. Under the
contract growing agreement birds are marketed to the company on the basis
of growing charges. Thus, the farmer assumes the production related risks
and the price risk is transferred to the company. In India contract farming has
considerable potential where small marginal farmers can no longer be
competitive without access to modern technologies and support. Contract
farming can fill this gap by providing the farmers with quality inputs, technical
guidance, management skills, credit as well as knowledge of new improved
technology. Pricing arrangement can significantly reduce the risk and
uncertainty of market place.

CHAPTER - IV

SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS

Poultry has the potential to meet the protein requirements of a nation

where malnutrition is rampant, since both eggs/broilers are a good

source of protein.
Helps to augment the income of the rural masses. Thus improve the

socio-economic status of rural population.

Poultry is one of the most efficient converters of plant products / waste
in to edible food that can in some measure tackle the problem of

malnutrition especially in a country like India.

Unlike other meat (beef, pork) which have religious taboos, chicken is

widely accepted in India and is cheaper than goat / sheep meat.

Poultry litter has high manure value and can be used in agriculture

activities.
It has tremendous potential to create non-farm employment and check

migration from rural to urban areas.

Generates relatively quick returns with low investment requirements.

OPPORTUNITIES
Present per capita meat consumption in India is increasing day by day,

therefore there is large scope for poultry farming.

Besides this, India has also great potential market.

The increasing awareness of the need for the balanced nutrition has
led to changes in the eating habots.

WEAKNESS
Poultry farming is labor intensive.

A peculiar feature of the poultry industry is that it is highly

fragmented.
Low growing charges coupled with the cost of making investments in
the infrastructure such as sheds, feeders, breeders, waterers, heating

and cooling systems result in a low income for farmers.

The stringent mortality norms (only a 5% mortality is permitted in
most integration contracts, else the farmer gets penalized and is

offered a lower rate) leaves the farmers in a vulnerable position and

with no avenue to voice their grievances.
THREATS
Natural calamities.

If adequate death precautions are not taken infectious / contagious

diseases can be spread. The recent avian flu has spread a wave of
panic across the globe. The other aspects that have dragged the

poultry industry are the recent SARS and Ebola.

Shortage in major feed ingredient i.e., maize, which constitutes more
than 50% of feed rations. Therefore even a small increase in costs can
wipeout the profits.

ANNEXURE - I
ECONOMICS IN BROILER FARMING - TECHNO
ECONOMIC NORMS

No. of birds per batch

9000

Rearing period (weeks)

No. of batches per year

No. of batches sold per year

Space requirement per bird (sqft)

Cost of construction of shed (Rs./sft)

150

Store Room (sft)

200

Cost of construction of Store room

Existing

Labor quarter (sft)

150

10

Cost of construction of Labor quarters

Existing

11

Cost of electrification (as % of civil costa)

12

Equipment cost (Rs/bird)

24

13

Mortality in 6 weeks (%)

14

Cost of Day Old Chicks (Rs/chick)

Contract Company supply

15

Supply for free chicks (%)

16

Feed requirement (kg/bird)

3.2

17

Feed cost (Rs/kg)

Contract Company supply

18

Expenditure on labor (Rs/batch i.e. 2 months)

18000

19

Cost of medicines, vaccine etc

Contract Company supply

20

Cost of litter (Rs/bird)

21

Average body weight of birds (kg/bird)

2.2

22

Sale price of Broilers (Rs./kg body weight) (Contract Company)

4.5

23

Sale price of bird (Rs/bird) (Contract Company)

9.45

24

Income from Manure (Rs/bird)

25

No. of gunny bags (per ton of feed)

20

26

Income from gunny bags (Rs./bag)

10

27

Depreciation on sheds (%)

28

Depreciation on equipment (%)

10

29

Margin Money (%)

45

30

Interest rate (%)

14

31

Repayment period (years)

32

Grace period years (years)

0.5

33

Construction period (months)

34

Rest period for broiler sheds (days)

10 - 15

ANNEXURE - II

ECONOMICS OF BROILER FARMING INVESTMENT

COST

S.No.
1

Particulars

Units

Unit cost Rs

1sft per bird

9000 sft

150

200 sft

Existing

c) Labor quarter

150 sft

Existing

Water supply system

b) Water tanks

Existing
2 No.s

1000 ltrs each

6000 each

c) Electric motor pump set

12000
Existing

d) Electrical installations/

4% of civil

equipment

costs

54000

Equipments
a) Feeders and Waterers

1350000

b) Store Room

a) Digging of Tubewell

Total cost Rs

Sheds and other structures

a) Broiler Shed

Specifications

Cost per bird

9000

22

198000

b) Foggers

150

38

5700

c) Sprinklers

30

75

2250

d) Brooders

10

1000

10000

Capitalization of recurring
expenses for one batch
a) Chick cost

Contract company

b) Feed cost

Contract company

c) Medicine, vaccine etc

Contract company

d) Litter

5 Tonns

2200

11000

e) Labor cost per batch

9000 /month

18000

f) Power charges per batch

5

Total Financial Outlay (TFO)

15000
1676000

1680000

Margin Money @ 45% of

776000

TFO
7

Bank loan @ 55% of TFO

900000

ANNEXURE - III
ECONOMICS OF BROILER FARMING FLOCK
PROJECTION CHART
Year

No. of batches introduced

No. of batches sold

II

III

IV

VI

ANNEXURE - IV
CASH FLOW ANALYSIS
S.No.

Particulars

I Year

II to V Years

VI year

COSTS

Capital Cost

1632000

Recurring costs

Cost of chicks

Cost of Feed

Misc expenses

Litter

66000

66000

66000

Labor charges

108000

108000

108000

Power bill

90000

90000

90000

II

BENEFITS

Sale of birds (Rs 4.5 /kg)

507600

507600

507600

Sale of Manure

54000

54000

54000

Sale of gunny bags

34500

34500

34500

Depreciation value of

Sheds

405000

ii

Equipment incl water pump

158400

TOTAL Benefits

596000

596000

1159000

NET Benefits

-1300000

332000

332000

NPV
a) Cost
b) Benefits
c) NPW
d) BCR
e) IRR

ANNEXURE - V
ECONOMICS REPAYMENT SCHEDULE

Year

Loan outstanding

Gross surplus

Interest @14%

Principal

Tot Repayment

Surplus

900000

332000

126000

100000

226000

106000

II

800000

332000

112000

120000

232000

100000

III

680000

332000

95200

139800

235000

97000

IV

541000

332000

75800

159200

235000

97000

382000

332000

33500

200000

233500

98500

VI

182000
TOTAL

332000

25500

182000

207500

124500

468000

901000

1369000

623000

https://veerabadrapoultryfarms.blogspot.com/2015_02_01_archive.h
tml
The rearing of Broilers commenced after completion of construction
of shed, Electric service connection, Contract Agreement with
Venkateshwara Hatcheries Private Limited and Sanctioning of Loan
from IDBI Bank, Rampur branch of Warangal District etc.. First batch
of One day Chicks received on early hours of 26th August 2015.

Photos of Broiler flock

Today's (25.03.2015) activity at our proposed Poultry Farm

POULTRY HOUSING

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Poultry Housing :
Select well raised land and away from residential area for poultry sheds.
Land with hard rock or murram is more suitable. Avoid water logging and flooding near the sheds.
Select a place with dequate facility for water, electricity, approach road, supply of chicks, feed, veterinary aid
See that selected place near to market for sale of live birds and dressed chicken.
Provide adequate floor space (i.e., minimum 1sft per bird), feeding space and watering space per bird.
Construction of sheds in such a way that the end walls face East-West direction and the side walls face North-South
direction, so that rain water will not enter the sheds.
Raise the floor of the shed at least one feet above the outside ground level.
Provide 3 to 4 feet overhang of the roof to avoid entry of rainwater inside the shed.

9.
The distance between two sheds is not less than 50 feet.
10. Provide adequate light and ventilation and comfortable housing conditions during all seasons (cool in summer and
warm in winter).
Construct sheds in such a way that predators (cats/dogs/snakes) will not enter the shed. Avoid entry of rats by
constructing rat proof civil structures.
11. Keep one tube-light for every 400 sft area.
12. The width of the shed must not be more than 30 feet. 24 to 28 feet is idle. No restriction on length.
13. After disposal of every batch of birds the dirty litter material and manure should be removed, walls and floors should
be cleaned, white washed with lime and disinfected with 0.5% disinfectants.
14. If deep litter system is followed, always use dry and clean litter material (sawdust, paddy husk, etc.). Spread 4" layer
of litter on the floor, keep clean/disinfect brooding, feeding and watering equipment and then introduce chicks in the
house.
15. The litter material should be always kept loose and dry. Stir the litter twice a week. Any wet litter/droppings etc.
should be removed and replaced with fresh/clean dry litter.

Veerabadra Poultry Farm Shed under construction --- Few Photos.

My Experiences
So far I have not posted the rearing of broilers which started on 26.8.2015.
Whatever I have posted, all are the results of web search. I have not
explained, how my broiler farming is going on. Everything I will post my
practical experiences, faults, etc., after lifting all of my birds by the integrator.
Still 6 days to go for desired period. The Market price of chick is very low, less
than the expenditure. Let me see when the birds are going to be lifted by
the integrator.

Prevention and Control of Disease

Disease prevention and control programme
1. Start with disease free stock
2. Vaccine chicks against Ranikhet and Gambora
3. Keep feed free from aflatoxins
4. Donot allow visitors inside the poultry house unless they wear dis-infected
clothes and foot wear
5. Cover floor with clean litter atleast 3 inches deep
6. All in all out system of rearing should be followed to ensure minimum
disease problems
7. Foot bath at the entrance of the shed must be constructed
8. Adequate clean and fresh water should be available

Simple Rules for prevention of Poultry Diseases

1. Give chicks the healthy Feed and clean Water, especially the small chicks.
2. Protect them Wind and Rain.
3. Poultry sheds should be clean regularly
4. Provide dry litter as and when required.
5. Do not keep too many birds together.
6. Vaccinate chicks for most important diseases (only healthy birds to be
vaccinated).
7. Sick birds should be isolated. If not cured or not curable disease, then kill
them to avoid infestation
8. Burn or bury dead birds.
9. Follow strict bio-secure methods.

List of the requisites to setting up a Poultry Farm

Water availability throughout the year. Water quality : Hardness below

750 ppm, pH 6.0 to 8.5 (Ours 7.1 pH)

Shed breadth should be 25 feet and shed floor should be at least 2 feet
above ground level (Our shed's breadth is 30 feet and floor is 1' to 5'
above the ground level)

E.B service, Tube light @ 1No for every 400 sq. ft, is essential (Fitted
with 25 tube lights)

Foot bath / dip with disinfectant for better bio security (Foot bath /
dips erected)

Separate feed room near to the shed with stacking arrangement for
feed bags (Separate feed room is there but feed stocking on four feed
plat farms erected in the middle of the shed and each platform having
capacity to hold 30 bags)

Side Curtain for the entire length of the shed for both sides, inside and
outside (Both sides and out side only. We had inside curtains to cover
only brooding area )

Partition for every 500 sq. ft ( Partitions made every 1000 sqft )

Provision of death pit for disposal of dead birds (Death pit made
200 feet away from the shed )

Plat farm Provision for placing weighing scales 3 feet X 3 feet ( Foot
baths can be used )

Vaccine Schedule etc

The above charts found at Venkateshwara Hatcheries Office

DAY TO DAY MANAGEMENT

1.
Watch the chicks for an hour at least. If the water spills over,
take out the wet paper and replace with dry one. If the height of the
drinker is too low, increase the height. If the chicks are drinking
with difficulty. check and reduce the height if necessary.
2.
Sprinkle feed on the paper when the chicks arrive. Introduce
the feeders after 6 hours. One small feeder for 50 chicks. If the
chicks are supplied in paper boxes, the same boxes can be used as
feeders for 2 days after cutting the height of the sides. Small round
plastic feeders or GI feeders also can be used. Start feeding in the
feeders. Frequent feeding with small quantities attract the chicks
and they grow better. Try and feed once in every two hours in small
quantities. Do not spill feed. Feed saved is the ultimate profit. (Not
followed the feeding in this manner due to ignorance)
3.
Fill in the waterers only half to start with. Wash the waterers
and refill at least twice in a day. Adjust the water quantity in such a

way that the waterers get empty twice. Medicated water should not
be thrown out. (This is also not followed)
4.
Continue the practice of watering and feeding. The brooders
should be raised in the day time. If the day is too hot, put off the
brooders and raise them so that there will be more aeration. If the
paper is wet, replace the paper.
5.
Take out the paper on 3rd day. Increase the diameter of the
guard by another two feet. Increase the height of waterers and
feeders so that litter does not fall on the water or feed. The chicks
and the surroundings should be dry. (Removed the paper on 2nd
day itself)
6.
Day 6th: - EYE DROP VACCINATION. Vaccinate the chicks
with Lasota vaccine to protect the birds from Raniket disease.
Procure vaccine as fresh as possible, check for expiry date, carry it
in ice to the shed, Plan to finish the vaccination with in 30 to 45
minutes after mixing. If the vaccine packing is large, like 2500
doses, organize two people to vaccinate, Keep the balance vaccine
in ice, and Follow the instructions of the manufacturer. Mostly this
vaccine is given in the eye. Keep the label of one vial pasted to the
daily chart. This helps to refer back if the problem arises. Vaccinate
on a cool part of the day. Increase the place for the chicks. Put 30
ml of water in the dropper and count weather it is delivering 1000
drops. If not adjust the quantity or change the dropper. Improper
droppers leave some chicks un-vaccinated in the end or some
vaccine is left over. Both are undesirable.
7.
Some times killed vaccine is recommended between 6th days
to 8th day. The ND killed vaccine should be injected in to the neck
with an automatic vaccinator.
8.
Day 7th:- Increase the number of feeders. Replace chick
feeders with adult feeders. Raise the height of the drinkers and
feeders to avoid the spillage. Place the feeder and drinkers
alternatively. The chick should not move more than 10 ft to found
feed or water. Reduce the temperature by taking out the bulb out of
4, when used.
9.
Day 8th, 15th, 23rd, 29th, 36th, 43rd:- Weigh some chicks.
Take some chicks to a corner with the help of guard and weigh all of

them. 20 to 50 chicks are enough in each room. Take the weight of

the empty bucket. Put some chicks and record the
Weight. Calculate the average. After 4th week weigh males and
females separately and average again.
10.
Record the balance feed in the morning before weighing the
chicks. Calculate total feed consume to date by deducting the
amount left over from the amount delivered. Calculate the feed per
bird by dividing the feed by the balance number of birds. Calculate
the Feed Conversion by dividing the average feed per bird with
average weight of the bird. Compare with the following chart. Total
the dead chicks to date and divide by the number received to get
mortality percentage. Compare with the following chart.
11.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

DAY
WEIGHT
8th
140-180
15th
400
22nd
750
29th 1050
36th 1600
42nd 2000

FEED
105/120
360
800
1360
2200
3500

FCR
0.85
0.9
1.1
1.23
1.47
1.75

MORTALITY
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.8/2

These Calculations will tell you where you are. If the performance
is not up the mark you can take help from the feed and chicks
suppliers.
12.
Check on feed, water and space daily. See that the feeders
have some feed always. Avoid wastage. If the mortality is more, get
the dead chicks examined and give medicines. If feed medicines are
suggested, mix correctly. Take the medicine and equal quantity.
Once you make 10 kg, put the medicine premix and feed layer on
the ground. Mix from one side. Mix twice to ensure thorough
mixing. The routine is same up to 12th day.
13.
Day 12th to 14th :- This is the day for vaccination against
Gumboro disease. Take the advice of the chick supplier or the local
veterinary doctor regarding which vaccine to be used. There are
mild strains for relatively new areas. In crowded and infected areas,
they recommended intermediate or intermediate strains. Follow the
guide lines as given for lasota. Vaccinate as recommended, in the
eye. Destroy the used bottles after use by burning. Check the
droppers before use weather they deliver 1000 doses. The vaccine

is costly. If, 100 chicks are left in the end, you have to break
another vial. Keep track of quantity used and number of chicks
vaccinated frequently. Do not leave some chicks
unvaccinated. (Vaccinated on 13th day i.e., on 07-09-2015)
14.
Day 15 to 21st:- Follow the routine. See that the chicks are
full fed without wastage of feed. Enough fresh quality of water
should be made available. Keep record of daily mortality and feed
consumption.
15.
22nd to 28th day:- WATER VACCINATION-Another dose of
lasota vaccine in the drinking water is recommended during this
period in some places especially if the killed vaccine is not given. If
the drinking water vaccine is recommended, prepare well for the
day. Procure vaccine in advance and store it properly. Plan to
vaccinate in the early hours during summer and by 10 a.m in
winter. Count the number of drinkers available. Take a measure and
measure the same number of drinkers. Add Ice to the water to cool
it little below normal water temperature. Add skim milk powder the
vaccine vial and add the diluent. Mix the vaccine to the cool water
with the milk powder. Set the drinkers back. When automatic
drinkers are available, vaccine can be mixed in the water tank. See
that the tank is filled only up to one fourth levels, cooled and milk
powder added to the water before the vaccine is mixed. The vaccine
water should be finished in one hour time. After the waterers are
put back, move the birds sitting at the corner to the drinkers. All
the birds should dip their beaks at least once in the vaccinated
water. Disinfectants in water kill the vaccine. Stop using
disinfectants 3 days before vaccination. Use water direct from the
bore well for vaccination.
16.
22nd to 28 days period is very vulnerable for diseases like
Gumboro, Ecoli or Respiratory problems. Gumboro can affect if the
vaccine fails. Get all the dead birds examined and take proper
steps. Give supportive treatment like Vitamins, jaggery water and
antibiotics like Amoxyl in water. If the problem is E.Coli or CRD,
sronger antibiotics like Enrofloxin should be given. Give the water
medication in the morning water. Take out all the drinkers and wash
them properly and dry for half an hour. When automatic drinkers
are used cut off the water and cleans the drinkers dry. Calculate the
required quantity of medicine. Some medicines are given per bird
basis and it is easy to calculate the amount. Some medicines are
given on per liter basis. Mix thoroughly and put all drinkers back
with medicated water. When medication is done, no fresh water
should be available. Medicines can be added directly in the smaller

tank in the shed.

17.
Vitamins and antibiotics can be used in water as a
precautionary measure for two days after vaccination even when
there is no disease. This prevents diseases or reduces the impact of
the disease.
18.
SUMMER MANAGEMENT:- Feed the birds early in the
morning and do not feed during the day time. It is better to
estimate the quantity of feed required for the day and put only that
amount in the feeders early morning and late in the evening. If the
feed is remaining, it is better to lift the feeders during the hot part
of the day. If the birds are too hungry, they may peck at each other.
Again feed after them after the hot part is over towards the
evening.
Electrolytes in water help to over come hot weather. Put the
required quantity in the water at noon.
Spray water directly on the birds during the mid day. Thatch the
roof during the summer. Have a shady extension on the sides for
narrow houses to avoid radiation heat. Pedestal fans help in humid
climates. One fan in 40ft length is sufficient.
Liver tonics and Anti toxins are recommended if toxicity is
detected.

BROILER FARM MANAGEMENT - PREPARATION

ONE WEEK BEFORE ARRIVAL OF CHICKS
1.
Plan the next batch at least 15 days after liquidation
depending on the size of the farm. Clear gap of minimum 7 days
should be available after cleaning and before arrival chicks. Plan to
house the total farm with one batch. Calculate the number of chicks
required for the whole farm.
(Available space in our farm is 9750 sft, but I brought
9500 ODCs and we entered into agreement with
Venkateshwara Hatcheries for integration farming)
2.
Remove all litter scrape the floor off the caked
litter. ( Done )

3.

Clear cobwebs at the roof, broom all the dust. ( Done )

4.
Wash the roof with a pressure hose, if the roof is washable. (
Gravel flooring )
5.

Clean the floor with water. ( Cleaned with Broom )

6.
Sprinkle caustic soda flakes on floor and apply with
broom. ( Sprinkled lime )
7.

Wash with water after a gap of one hour. ( Not possible )

8.
Spread bleaching powder on the wet surface and apply with
broom.
( Spread lime on wet surface )
9.
White Wash the side walls and floor. Leave the shed vacant
for one week. (Done)
10.
For mud floor- Scrap off some mud along with litter-Replace
at least 3 inches of fresh mud. Stamps well apply dry lime powder
+bleaching powder on the wet surface and allow it to dry. ( Done
as I have mentioned above )
11.

Take out the equipment and clean with water. ( Done )

12.
If the side curtains are HDP or plastic, dip them in water and
leave to dry.
(Not Done)
13.
Clean the surroundings of the poultry house off the grass and
Vegetation. ( Done )
14.
Drain out the water tank and pipe lines. Put Acetic acid of
Chlorine liquid 3 times the normal quantity and leave for a day.
( Cleaned with the chemical supplied by VHL )
ONE DAY BEFORE ARRIVAL OF CHICKS
1.

Put back the curtains. ( Done )

2.
Disinfect equipment like brooders, waterers and feeders by
dipping them in disinfect solution or spraying the surface with
disinfectant. (Formalin, Asiphor) Disinfect-S can be used for this
purpose. (Done with the solutions supplied by the VHL)
3.

Spread husk on the ground ( Done )

4.

Check water and electrical connections. ( Done )

5.
Depending on the number of chicks to arrive, complete the
brooding arrangements. Make a round shaped guard and hang the
brooder in the center. If electric bulb brooding is used, make a
round of 5ft diameter for 250 to 300 chicks. If gas brooders are
used, up to 2500 chicks can be brooded in one group. Follow the
manufacturers specification. Arrange to hang the brooders, so that,
they can be raised during the daytime.
(18 brooders arranged for 9500 chicks)
6.
Spray 2% Formalin (200ml in 10ltrs of water.) all over the
interiors of the shed, over the equipment and the
surroundings. ( Done )
7.
If the house is small, consider fumigation. Measure width /
breadth /average height in feet to arrive at the total cubic feet. Use
40 ml Formalin for 100cft. Place it in a bigger container(the quantity
should be half full) Take Potassium Permanganate 50% of the
quantity of Formalin. See that all persons are out. Pour Potassium
Permanganate crystals in to the Farmalin liquid and come out
quickly as the fumes raise.(The fumes burn the eyes)25/40/10
ft=1000 cft for this 4000ml Formalin and 2000gms Potassium
Permanganate is required. Keep all curtains closed. ( Not Done )
8.
Open the curtains on the sides on the sides one hour before
the arrival of chicks to allow some fresh air. (curtains lifted
during transporting into shed )
9.
Spread news paper on the litter carefully after making the
litter leveled. ( Done )
10.
Add medicines in water tank as required. We use one
antibiotic like Amoxyl, Tetracycline or Furasol @ one gm per liter of
water. B-complex liquid @ 30 ml/100 chicks and AD3EC @ 5ml/100
chicks. ( Done as per the instructions of Supervisor, VHL )
11.
Keep small drinkers inside the guards. One for 80 chicks.
Keep them at least 2 inches above ground level on a stand to
prevent chicks getting in . ( Done )
12.
Sprinkle maize powder or feed on the paper slightly. (spread
feed)
WHEN THE CHICKS ARRIVEL
1.

If the weather is too cool, request the hatchery to deliver the

chicks in the day time. The chicks will have time to settle down.
Find out the time of hatch. If the chicks are delivered on the same
night and if the weather is bad, the chicks can live without feed or
water for 48 hours. Keeping them in the boxes is better than leaving
them in chilled weather. Delay leads to dehydration. The chicks
should reach the house in minimum possible time.
2.
Open the boxes and ensure that all chicks are alive and
active. The chicks should try to jump out of the boxes, when the lids
are taken out. Check the number against the delivery note. Take out
the dead and dull chicks.
3.
Take medicated water in a plate. Dip the beak of each chick
in the medicated water before releasing. Count while releasing. If
you find some chicks too small or weak while handling, destroy
them or place them in a separate brooder. Few chicks should be
shown to nipples. Others copy them.
4.
Put the heating system on before the chicks are released.
When gas brooders are used, use an extra bulb for light above the
brooder so that all the chicks can see the surroundings clearly. If
the temperature is high, the chicks move away from the heat
source, If the temperature is low, they crowed in the center. Adjust
the height of the brooder or the source of heat accordingly.
MY POULTRY SHED CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURE
This is actual expenditure I incurred, This may vary from place to place and
time to time etc.,

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Bricks
Cement
Electrical Items
Electrician
Fabrication steel sheets etc
Gravel & Site development
Labour Charges
Mestri for construction
Metal
DD for Power Supply
Paintings and white wash
Water connections total
Water Tanks
Feeders, drinkers, Mesh etc
Sand

100000
80000
30000
10000
650000
100000
25000
100000
15000
180000
30000
40000
17000
180000
60000

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Transportation
GP Permission
Plan preperation
Bank loan process
Shed insurance
Tarpaulins
Bore Well and Motor pump excluded
Deisel for Generator
Deisel for car
Misellaneous
TOTAL EXPENDITURE

15000
75000
5000
15000
3500
35000
0
10000
30000
25000
1850000

LOCATION OF FARM
1.
The broiler farm should be closer to cities or dressing plants
to reduce the transport time and costs. Long distance travel results
are shrinkage. The traders pay more for farms in close vicinity.
(My farm located 2 kms away from residential locality
i.e., Shivunipally village of Station Ghanpur mandal and 23
kms away from Kazipet, Hanamkonda)
2.
The farm sits should be away from other poultry farms, at
least one km from the nearest farm. The site very near to road
should be avoided due to bio security reasons. Plan the site to be
little away at least 30 ft from the main road.
(Another Poultry farm situated within 700 metres and an
approach road 400 metres from BT Road Ghanpur to
Palakurthy and situated amidst of Mango orchid)
3.
The site should be longer East West. ( My Farm's longer
side is East West having 325' length and 30' width )
4.
Plan living quarters for workers, offices and stores nearer to
gate so that the incoming service vehicles need not go inside the
farm every time. The casual visitors can be avoided.
( My Farm Care Taker's quarter is situated 50'
southward away from Farm and Store room situated west
side adjacent to the Farm )
5.
Plan the poultry houses with maximum possible distance
between the houses. The minimum distance of 30 ft is
recommended. ( Only one continuous Shed )

6.
Keep the future expansions also in mind while planning the
constructions.
7.
Fence the area in such a way that no stray animals and
outsiders get in. Chain link fencing is the best. ( Area covered
with Mango Orchid and fenced with barbed wire )
8.
Have a proper secured gate with wheel wash for the vehicles.
Plan a decontamination entry for vehicles like mechanical spraying
of the whole vehicle.
(Only gate existing to my Farm )
9.
In large farms, provide decontamination for the staff,
Facilities are provided for taking bath and changing
clothes. ( Practically impossible for me )
10.
If feed delivery is not through silos, have a feed store at the
gate and an internal service vehicle from store to farm.
( Not possible for me, four Feed stands erected at
convenient places in the shed and each Stand bears 30
bags )
11.
If possible, prefer the site where poultry was not reared
earlier. This will help a to maintain strict biosecurity. ( No prior
rearing of Broilers at this Place )
12.
It is advisable to buy more land for the furthur expansion of
the farm.
(Had sufficient land for future extension and I will
expand if rearing is financially feasible)
13.
Tress passing of persons and animal in the farm site can
result into the spread of Disease. Make sure that the farm area is
properly fenced. ( Farm properly fenced )

COMMENCEMENT OF VEERABHADRA POULTRY FARM

My Poultry farming delayed due to delay in power supply by NPDCL. Things
are not in our control. Construction commenced three months delay and
Grampanchayath Shivunipally permitted the construction of Poultry Farm on
08.04.2015 and NPDCL authorities supplied power in third week of August
2015. Project delayed nearly four months and atlast 1st batch commenced
from 26th August 2015, i.e., early hours of Ekadashi, Shravana masam,
Tuesday.

Letter from MD TSTRANSCO to MD TASNPDCL on power subsidy to the

Poultry Sector

Bio-security practice on poultry units (shared from the article posted in

poultryliveindia.com)
INDIA Official guidelines have been released prescribing biosecurity practice on
poultry units.
The Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (DADF) has
released General Guidelines for Biosecurity at Central Poultry Development
Organization with the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
The Department from time to time reviews the biosecurity situation in their subordinate
Organizations viz. Central Poultry Development Organizations (CPDOs). The last
biosecurity guidelines were issued in 2013. It was decided to revisit the biosecurity
guidelines in light of latest developments and to incorporate some practices in vogue to
make them more effective. Keeping this in mind, the General Guidelines for Biosecurity at
Central Poultry Development Organizations were revised so that the basic tenets can be
applied not only to CPDOs but also State and Private Poultry Farms.
Poultry farms across the country need to maintain the basic sanitary conditions essential
for healthy birds and hygienic products. An integrated biosecurity programme is an
application on logical and sound principles specific to an enterprise, monitoring of
disease status, evaluation of ongoing poultry farm operations on continuous basis with an
objective to contain the diseases at bare minimum level. Some poultry diseases like
Avian Influenza are zoonotic in nature, i.e. they may be transmitted to humans, and
potentially poses serious public health risks.
The farms should strive to maximize the benefits achievable through effective biosecurity
and to be consistent with HACCP (Hazard Analysis, Critical Control Points) principles
which can be developed easily. For this, the Central Poultry Development Organization &
Training Institute (Southern Region), Hessarghatta would design training modules and
hold workshops based on demand from the States.
After lessons from Avian Influenza and other poultry disease outbreaks across the
country both in public and private farms, we must implement, as far as possible, a
biosecurity plan to prevent any future disasters. These guidelines are proposed to act as
roadmap for keeping a close vigil and maintenance of biosecurity and have been
attempted to cover the conceptual, structural and operational biosecurity through
advisories on the farm location and design, restricted access to birds, traffic control,
isolation and quarantine of new birds, cleaning and sanitation, personnel hygiene,
hygienic disposal of poultry manure, disposal of dead birds and other bio/ biomedical
wastes, feed safety, period of rest or rearing of single age group, medication/ vaccination
of birds, flock profiling, collection of infective / suspected material for laboratory testing
etc.
The major routes for disease and pathogen transmission are briefly enumerated.
Emphasis is given on feed safety and water management, which were earlier not

described in detail in the previous guidelines. It is also suggested therein, to refer the
Action Plan on Avian Influenza (revised in March, 2015), compartmentalization checklist,
the Prevention and control of Infections and Bio-Medical Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 1998 under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 etc., Disposal of dead
bird(s) in a bio-secured manner, and compliance to the Prevention and Control of
Infectious and Contagious Diseases in Animals Act, 2009. It is urged that the concerned
personnel should be well versed of these and apply the biosecurity measures in
consonance, so that all relevant points are covered.
It is also suggested that if there is any mortality reported in wild bird / water birds / crows,
etc. in farm campus the post mortem of such birds should be avoided in farm area. The
Department and the Regional / State / District Disease Diagnostic Labs should be
informed immediately and they may be requested to collect the samples as per their
protocol for diagnosis [or for onward transmission to National Institute of High Security
Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Bhopal in case of Avian Influenza] for diagnosis, as per the
requirement to be decided by the competent authority. If Avian Influenza or Notified
disease is suspected or confirmed at any farm demobilize the staff of the farm with
immediate effect.
It is also suggested to immediately stop sale-purchase / inflow-outflow of all poultry
products, feed or feed ingredients, etc. if disease is even suspected or diagnosed in any
shed or farm till final test results of disease diagnosis is done and regarding Notified
diseases / Avian Influenza after confirmation from designated / NIHSAD Bhopal.
An indicative quick checklist for implementing an effective poultry biosecurity plan is also
given mentioning about securing perimeter by keeping restricted signs posted at drive
entrances, avoiding trees or dense foliage around sheds and prevent roosting site for wild
birds, restrict entry to essential personnel and record entry, keeping poultry houses
locked, providing boots and coveralls for staff and visitors for each shed, personnel
precautions like changing by staff into dedicated/disposable boots and coveralls upon
entering each different shed. Other relevant pointers are also mentioned like removing
poultry mortality daily, storing or disposing them off by an approved method; create
awareness about the dangers of raising or visiting other avian species and their contact
with their flock. Pointers on monitoring of vehicles, taking appropriate precautions such as
disinfection, implementing a strong control program for insect, mammalian and avian
vectors are also given. It is also reminded to recheck and review biosecurity plan and
flock health program, including vaccination protocols, with veterinarian on a regular basis.
It is also added that biosecurity on poultry farms is an essential tool for ensuring welfare
of poultry and humans by preventing transmission of poultry-related zoonotic and foodborne pathogens. Method of collection of infective/ suspected material for laboratory
testing is added as it is mostly seen that the samples sent to laboratories are not proper
and testing/ diagnosis is either not possible or leads to incorrect results. Some tables in
the appendices are added for easy reference and monitoring of visitors movement, water
quality and formats for overall supervision and internal auditing of biosecurity on-farm.
Thus it is believed that this lucid General Guidelines on biosecurity will help prevent
ingress of diseases in the poultry farms. If all poultry farms across the country, both

public and private follow the basic tenets listed in true spirit it will help in a disease-free,
safe and wholesome poultry production.

E. coli Infections in Poultry

As published in NUTRITION LINE
E. coli Infections in Poultry
By Eric Gingerich, DVM
Technical Service Specialist - Poultry
Diamond V
Escherichia coli (E. coli for short) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can
cause various forms of disease in poultry. Diseases caused by E. coli are
called colibacillosis and may infect all classes and ages of poultry. The E. coli
bacterium is ubiquitous wherever fecal material from animals is found. E. coli
related diseases continue to be at or near the top of lists of disease issues for
broilers, turkeys, and egg layers. The different disease syndromes and their
control are described herein.
Yolk infections in chicks and poults due to E. coli are primary infections from
exposure to the bacterium during the hatching process. Eggshell
contamination is the main reason for the exposure although poor hatcher
sanitation can leave a residue of E. coli from the previous hatch. Losses
normally occur during the first three days of life and present clinically as
normal sized chicks on feed but dead. Lesions of caseous yolk material are
often seen. Culture of this yolk material is used for diagnosis to differentiate
from other possible bacterial causes such as Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas
spp., Staph. aureus, etc. Treatment with antibiotics is normally not used
because the course of the disease is so short-lived that by the time a
diagnosis is obtained, the disease losses are nearly complete. Effective
prevention means only utilizing clean hatch eggs by using effective nest
management and sanitation techniques. Also, the use of an effective hatcher
and hatcher tray sanitation program is important. The use of Diamond V
Original XPC in feed can also be an aid as E. coli levels in the breeder feces
will be less, reducing nest contamination.
E. coli infections secondary to respiratory infections in broilers, egg-type
pullets and layers, and turkeys, is an important disease scenario. The normal
respiratory tract has the capability to remove E. coli and other bacteria from
deep in the respiratory tract due to the action of ciliated epithelial cells lining
the trachea. In respiratory disease situations such as Bordatella avium in
turkey poults, infectious bronchitis in chickens, Mycoplasma Galli septic um
infections in both turkeys and chickens, the epithelial cells of the trachea and
bronchi of the lungs undergo changes that do not allow normal function of
these cells. Hence, E. coli numbers increase and infection of the respiratory
tract occurs. The initial lesion seen when E. coli infection is established is a
caseous airsacculitis. The deadly and chronic lesion seen with E. coli infection
is a caseous peritonitis, perihepatitis, and/or pericarditis.
House management practices can play a role in the incidence and severity of
E. coli infections. Low ventilation rates that lead to high atmospheric
ammonia, increased litter moisture, and high dust counts in the air all will aid

in carrying more E. coli deep into the respiratory tissues. Increased litter
moisture also has the effect of increasing the survivability and reproduction of
E. Coli bacteria.
Egg layer colibacillosis is viewed as a primary disease due to E. coli. It is most
often seen at the onset of egg production but can be seen at older ages as
well. The sources of infection appear to be water, dust, or fecal material
pecked off equipment. The stress of recent movement and the onset of egg
production appear to be factors in the onset of the disease early in lay. One
theory is that the young layers everted reproductive tract during egg laying is
quite susceptible to infection with E. coli and the bacterium infects the bird by
moving retrograde up the oviduct.
Turkey poults suffer an E. coli related syndrome after viral enteritis. This is
due to overgrowth of E. coli in the intestine from poor digestion of nutrients
and a buildup of these undigested nutrients in the lower intestine. Poult death
losses can be quite high with lesions seen as a septicemia or caseous
peritonitis, perihepatitis, and/or pericarditis.
Antibiotic treatment of older flocks infected with colibacillosis has met with
much less success recently than in the past due to widespread antibiotic
resistance and the lack of new and effective antibiotics to take their place. For
example, there is only one antibiotic preparation available to treat bacterial
infections in egg layers in production. The tetracyclines and sulfa drugs are
available for use in broiler and turkey flocks. A very effective antibiotic,
enrofloxacin, was taken away from the industry by FDA several years ago due
to the ill-perceived notion that enrofloxacin was being used in feed or as a
widely used preventative medication and not as a therapeutic as intended.
Treatment now involves supportive measures to aid in reducing the level of
infection for the remaining flock members as follows:
Vaccination with the live E. coli vaccine;
Fogging (nebulizing) disinfectants such as VirkonS or chlorine dioxide;
Sanitizing water with five to 10 ppm chlorine or six to 12 ounces of iodine
disinfectant per a gallon of stock solution metered at one ounce per gallon
drinking water;
Collecting dead birds more frequently to remove them as a source of
infection in an the attempt to decrease the disease cycle;
Replacing wet litter with dry in floor houses;
Adding an intestinal health aid such as Diamond V Original XPC will give
some immediate boost of the immune system while prolonged use will aid in
improving the microflora makeup.
Prevention of E. coli infections is, therefore, the main control measure used.
Several preventative practices are available as follows:
Intestinal health aids. Several research-backed products are on the market.
Diamond V Original XPC has been shown to reduce E. coli levels in the cecum
when fed at recommended levels and would aid in reducing contamination
levels in the birds environment and improve their response to invading
bacteria.
Water sanitation. Routine sanitation of water with either chlorine or iodine
can be very effective in reducing bacterial infections.
Vaccination. The live E. coli vaccine has been a very useful tool in egg layers
and is being evaluated in broiler and turkey flocks. In egg layers, two to three
doses are applied by spray during the growing period prior to housing.
Booster applications are given to some flocks prior to molting.
Ventilation practices. Reducing ammonia levels by providing the proper
ventilation rates and temperatures throughout grow for broilers will keep litter
dry and reduce the release of ammonia from the litter. Keeping the stored

manure dry in high-rise layer houses is also important in reducing ammonia.

The use of manure drying fans in the pits of highrise houses has been a great
aid in reducing the moisture of the manure piles.
Moving age of egg layers. Moving egg layer pullets at least one to two
weeks prior to the onset of production will aid in getting the birds microflora
stabilized and the birds exposed to pathogens in the new layer house
environment prior to the stress of egg production. Spreading out these
stressors appears to reduce the problems with early lay E. coli problems in
egg layers.

MY REARING OF BROILERS
After more than six months gap I am posting today. I have completed three
batches and 4th batch of rearing of Broilers is going on.
As I said in my earlier postings I have a contract of rearing of Broiler Chicken
with Venkateshwara Hatcheries Private Limited.
First batch I incurred loss, 2nd and 3rd batches I got profit.
Loss occurred due to inexperience, improper feed management and House
management.
As per VHPL (Venkatesheara Hatcheries P ltd) norms the standard Production
Cost is Rs. 65 per Kg and they will give Rs. 4 per KG as Rearing Charges if
our production cost is as above. If production cost exceeds standard PC i.e.,
Rs. 65 per kg, farmer will be penalised by reducing 1 paisa for every 2 paisa
cost. Ex If production cost is Rs. 66/-, the rearing charges Rs. 3.50 will be
given. The penalty will be limited to maximum one rupee deduction from
standard RC. Similarly, if production cost decreases the incentive will be
given.
Rate incentives also given if market price is more than Rs.70/Everything went against me in FIRST BATCH. Received a small amount from
VHPL, which is less than what I expended. For the 2nd and 3rd batches I have
taken care and vigilant about the health of Chicks and received good
amounts.
The farmer has to provide the following facilities.....
1. Shed
2. Water
3. Tanks for storage of water, Drinkers and feeders of different sizes.
4. Rice Husk for bedding.
5. Adequate labour to give water, feed, medicine etc
6. Power supply (for me 20HP)
7. Death pit (Disposal of dead birds)
8. Removal of Litter.
9. Side curtains
10 Bruders
11. Sprinklers etc
I have faced problem with power failures, Short-circuits, contaminated water,

feed adjustment and labour. Rains, strong winds and extreme hot weather
from mother nature also tested my ability of successful rearing of birds.