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Automatic Staircase Lights using PIR Sensor and Relay

By Jayant

38 Comments

22

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This automatic staircase light circuit switch on the staircase lights automatically when someone enters on
the stairs and gets off after some time. There are two important components in this circuit, first is PIR
Sensor (Passive Infrared Sensor) and second is Relay.

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AdChoices

Circuit Diagram
PIR Sensor

PIR Sensor
PIR sensor is used here to detect the Human body movement, whenever there is any body movement the
voltage at output pin changes. Basically it detects the Change in Heat, and produce output whenever such
detection occurs. You can learn more about PIR sensor here, there are some useful features in PIR sensor
like how to change the distance range, how to set the duration for which the light should be ON etc.

Also check: Automatic Staircase light using AVR Microcontroller

Relay
Relay is an electromagnetic switch, which is controlled by small current, and used to switch ON and OFF
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relatively much larger current. Means by applying small current we can switch ON the relay which allow
much larger current to flow. Relay is the good example of controlling the AC (alternate current) devices,
using a much smaller DC current. Commonly used Relay is Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) Relay, it has
five terminals as below:

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When there is no voltage applied to the coil, COM (common) is connected to NC (normally closed contact).
When there is some voltage applied to the coil, the electromagnetic field produced. Which attract the
Armature (lever connected to spring), and COM and NO (normally open contact) gets connected, which
allow larger current to flow. Relays are available in many ratings, here we used 6V operating voltage relay,
which allow 7A-250VAC current to flow.

Relay is configured by using a small Driver circuit which consist a Transistor, Diode and a resistor.
Transistor is used to amplify the current so that full current (from the DC source 9v battery) can flow
through coil to fully energies it. Resistor is used to provide biasing to transistor. And Diode is used to prevent
reverse current flow, when the transistor is switched OFF. Every Inductor coil produces equal and opposite
EMF when switched OFF suddenly, this may cause permanent damage to components, so Diode must be
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used to prevent reverse current. A Relay module is easily available in the market with all its Driver circuit on
the board or you can create it by using above components. Here we have used 6V Relay module.

Circuit Explanation
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Sensor Coil
Infrared Sensor

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This automatic staircase light circuit can be easily explained. Whenever PIR sensor detects any body
movement, its OUTPUT pin becomes HIGH, which applies the triggering voltage to the base of the
transistor, transistor get ON, and current started flowing through the coil. Coil in Relay gets energies and
create electromagnetic field, which attracts the lever and COM and NO get connected. This allows a much
larger current (220v AC) to flow, which turns ON the BULB. You can increase or decrease the Bulb ON
duration by setting up PIR sensor.
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Light Room
Electronic Relay Circuit
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Video:

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PIR Sensor Based

Motion Detector /...

Miniature Current
Sensor - 6 Amp

Laser Diode
Controllers - High...

Automatic Room
Light Controller...

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Comments (38)

agentX44

reply

do you have any tutorial for this project from the start ?Sorry I'm beginner. Thanks in advance
Aug 17, 2015
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reply

VEERESH
sir,may i know what kind of bulb u have used is it led bulb or regular zero watt bulb.
What happens if i use a zero watt bulb ?
Sir, I kindly request u to send me the clear picture of the connection because i am not

understanding the PIR and the relay module connection from the above picture...THANK
YOU..
Mar 16, 2016

Jayant

reply

Yes, you can use zero watt bulb. You can use any AC mains home appliances. Circuit
diagram is already very clear, further you can check its Image at the top and Video at
the end.
Mar 28, 2016

NITYA $

reply

Hey, I like this project but

what type of relay module u r using ,
And if we use it in real it will work, or it will fuse after using for days
Please reply,
Mar 25, 2016
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reply

Jayant
This is a simple Relay module, if you dont have it, you can use simple Relay with
resistors and diode, as shown in Circuit Diagram. Yes, it can work for long time.

Mar 28, 2016

reply

NITYA $
Can we use 5 v of relay module?

Mar 25, 2016

reply

Jayant
yes, you can.

Mar 28, 2016

reply

parveen
can i use 12v relay ?

Apr 17, 2016

MrTiger

reply

Great content! I'm new to this world of electronics so I hope my questions are not too
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annoying. This circuit scares me a bit because I'm used to working with 9v, 6v, and less. This
circuit diagram shows to hook up a 220v ac in series with a 9v dc battery. Clearly I am not
understanding this correctly. Please advise what I need to read to correct my understanding.
Apr 17, 2016

Maddy

reply

No, its not in series, please look carefully. Wires joints are represented by Dots. Please be
extra careful while working with AC mains, it can be lethal.
Apr 18, 2016

AlexG

reply

@Mr Tiger - you are mistaking the intersection points of the line going from B1 to VCC
are connected to the 220v.
There's no easy way to draw it where the lines cross. As a check, if you imagine that the
B1 to VCC line was removed, you can clearly see the DC side is separate fron the AC
side.
Apr 18, 2016

MrTiger

reply

Ok, ya I see this now. Thank you.

Apr 23, 2016
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MrTiger

reply

I made this circuit this morning using components I already own. It was pretty cool to see it
work. Thank you for sharing. For the sensor, and circuit I used 5.12 dc v(atm, my only steady
power supply), and for the light source I used (9v battery, 330 Ohm, LED) because I fear an
early death.
Apr 23, 2016

reply

Tom
Where did you purchase the relay module?

Apr 24, 2016

MrTiger

reply

I got the relay module from an Arduino starter kit by Seeed Studio. TIANBO HJR 4102E
Apr 25, 2016

Awes

reply

will this project work if we use 6v relay,instead of 12v

May 20, 2016

reply
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Abhishek

reply

its already a 6v Relay

May 28, 2016

Naved Alam

reply

Can we use this for office light in retriggering mode,if person is in its area would it continue
working or switch it On/off continuously?
Jun 04, 2016

Maddy

reply

Yes, it can be used in Re-triggering mode to keep the Light ON, until some movement is
there. Check this to learn more about PIR sensor.
Jun 11, 2016

arief

reply

may i ask this one using coding or not? like arduino or PLC ?
Jun 14, 2016

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Abhishek

reply

No coding, it is just a simple circuit without any micro controller.

Jul 09, 2016

Sharojalhasan

reply

i have made this And Not Working :( please Anyone Help me

Jun 18, 2016

Kishore Relangi

reply

Hi,
Is it possible to add more delay to this ?
Because it will look very odd to switch the lights immediately.
Thanks,
Kishore.
Jun 26, 2016

Abhishek

reply

Then you need to use Microcontroller to add some delay after PIR detect any motion.
Jul 09, 2016

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reply

Stephen Buadee
Where can I get pir sensor
Are they sold or they are built

Aug 30, 2016

reply

Jony Hossain
I want to build a transformerless power suply.Please help me and some suggestion

Sep 07, 2016

Abhishek

reply

Check this Circuit: Transformerless Power Supply

Oct 01, 2016

S.M. Bakhtiar

reply

Dear Concern,
I am working your project. which you have show is very much interesting. But my question is
when one object is detected the how can i set long time as long as the object is present of
that room then when the object is not in room then sensor will stop the supply.
Thank in advanced
Sep 08, 2016

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S.M. Bakhtiar

reply

Dear Concern,
I have got the delay answer what i mention in my previous post.
Now my question is , how do i connect LDR with the above circuit so that when there is dark
on the room the light glow.
Thanks in advanced
Sep 14, 2016

Abhishek

reply

Check these circuits: Dark Detector using LDR and 555 Timer IC and Dark Detecting LED
Oct 01, 2016

Aazan

reply

hi i dont know why but my project is not working i tried my best

i saw all the connection
i just did not put the relay module because i was not able to find it so i made the circuit as it
was made in the digram still it does not work my light gets on but does not get closed wat do
you thing wat will be the problem plz let me know plz help me sir plz and reply me as soon as
possible plz some one help me i need help
Sep 19, 2016

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reply

Abhishek
You need to adjust Time Delay Control Knob in PIR sensor, check this circuit to
understand the PIR sensor: PIR Sensor Based Motion Detector/Sensor Circuit

Oct 01, 2016

reply

Nazeer

I purchased PIR Motion Sensor switch to fix in a room containing 9 small lights
each 6 watt. So total load comes 54 watt. Motion switch indicates that it works up
to maximum 1000 Watt. Please let me know if one switch will be enough to work
for all nine lights. Moreover can we fix on/off switches to control individually.
Nov 18, 2016

reply

Maddy

yes you can trigger many devices with one PIR, and power depends upon
relay's rating. To control individual lights, use some microcontroller.
Dec 10, 2016

shahid

reply

You don't mention R 2 on circuit diagram and also not to mention green colour tuning at your
circuit diagram but I have see clearly those item (R2&green colour tuning) soldering at your
Relay module and you have to use Relay module to complete your project not to flow your
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mention circuit diagram so please clear my confusing since I'm not a professional electronic
person or stodent.
Oct 10, 2016

reply

nassir
instead of 6V Relay which one can I use?
Please help me

Oct 10, 2016

reply

Gokul MR

does this circuit keeps the light 'ON' whenever there is a human presence at its range? or does
it turns off after some time?? I've made a motion detector which turns of after some time
(obviously!). also, i want to use a PIR based circuit for automatic light for my room. by that,
when ever i enter my room, the light should turn on automatically and it will be on till i leave
my room. so can i use this circuit for the same?? please advice. thanks in advance. :)
Jan 22, 2017

Ignis

reply

Starter here, i wanna ask how long does the bulb will lit up after a movement. Or it will turn off
immediately if there's no more movement. Thank you in advance.
Jan 26, 2017
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