BHARATI VIDYAPEETH UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
PUNE-411043

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

A PROJECT REPORT
ON
NOVEL METHODS OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT

BY
GARIMA JAIN
RAVI RAUSHAN

SEAT NO.-438324
SEAT NO-438319

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. A.D.KULKARNI

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

BHARATI VIDYAPEETH UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
PUNE-411043

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT PROJECT REPORT ON

NOVEL METHODS OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT

HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED BY
GARIMA JAIN
SEAT NO.438324
RAVI RAUSHAN
SEAT NO.438319
UNDER THE ABLE GUIDANCE OF PROF. A.D.KULKARNI, TOWARDS THE PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF HIS TERMWORK FOR THE DEGREE COURSE OF CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING IN THE YEAR 2009-10, AS PROCESSED BY BHARATI VIDYAPEETH
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING.

PROF.A.D.KULKARNI
(PROJECT GUIDE)
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGG.

PROF.S.J.ATTAR
(HEAD OF DEPARTMENT)
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGG.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We place on record and warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement, invaluable
supervision, timely suggestions and inspired guidance offered by our guide

Prof.A.D.Kulkarni, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed

University College Of Engineering, Pune in bringing this report to a successful completion. We
are grateful to Prof. S.J.Attar, H.O.D. Department of Chemical Engineering.
Last but not the least we express our sincere thanks to all of our friends who have patiently
extended all sorts of help for accomplishing this undertaking. Finally we extend our gratefulness
to all those who are directly or indirectly involved in the successful completion of this project
work.

Garima Jain
Ravi Raushan

CONTENTS
A. LIST OF FIGURES
B. LIST OF TABLES
C. LIST OF GRAPHS
D. ABSTRACT
E. CHAPTERS
1.INTRODUCTION.1
2.OBJECTIVES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT3
3.CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTEWATER
3.1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
3.2 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
3.2.1 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
3.2.2. BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
3.3 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
4.WASTE WATER TREATMENT
4.1 PRIMARY TREATMENT
4.1.1 SCREENING AND GRINDING
4.1.1.1 FIXED-BAR SCREENS
4.1.1.2 COMMUNITORS
4.1.2 GRIT REMOVAL
4.1.3 SEDIMETATION
4.1.3.1 SEPTIC TANK
4.1.3.2 IMHOFF TANK
4.1.3.3 SEPARATE SETTLING TANK
4.1.4 SLUDGE REMOVAL
4.2 SECONDARY TREATMENT
4.2.1 FILTRATION
4.2.1.1 ABSOPRTION TRENCHES(SUBSURFACE TILE FIELDS)
4.2.1.2 INTERMITTENT SAND FILTERS
4.2.1.3 TRICKLING FILTERS
4.2.2 AERATION
4.2.2.1 ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
4.2.2.2 OXIDATION POND
4.2.3 SECONDARY SETTLING
4.2.4 SLUDGE DIESTION
4.3 TERTIARY TREATMENT
4.3.1 CARBON ADSORPTION
4.3.2COAGULATION-SEDIMENTATION
4.3.3 CHEMICAL OXIDATION

4.3.4 MEMBRANE PROCESSES

4.3.4.1 ELECTRODIALYSIS
4.3.4.2 REVERSE OSMOSIS
4.3.5 ION EXCHANGE
4.3.6 CHLORINATION
4.4 DISPOSAL
5. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE
5.3 PRINCIPLES OF THE PROCESS
5.4 TYPES OF AERATORS
5.4.1 DIFFUSED AIR TYPE
5.4.2 CONTACT AERATOR
5.4.3 MECHANICAL TYPE
6. OPERATIONAL TESTS
6.1 PURPOSE OF TESTS
6.2 RESIDUES
6.2.1 TOTAL RESIDUES
6.2.2 NONFILTRABLE RESIDUES
6.2.3 SETTLEABLE RESIDUES
6.2.4 FIXED AND VOLATILE RESIDUES
6.3 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)
6.3.1 DETERMINATION OF T H E BOD
6.3.2 EVALUATION OF BOD
6.4 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
6.5 pH
6.6 CHLORINE DEMAND
6.7 RESIDUAL CHLORINE
7 EXPERIMENTATION
7.1 OBJECTIVE
7.2 SYNOPSIS
7.3 PRIMARY WASTE TREATMENT/PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL TREATMENT
7.4 SECONDARY WASTE TREATMENT/BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
7.5 FURTHER SCOPE
8.OBSERVATION
9.RESULT
10.CONCLUSION

A. LIST OF FIGURES..PAGE NO.

1.Waste water treatment plant
2. Aeration to break down organic matter.
3. Flow Diagram showing principles of Secondary Wastewater Treatment.
4 .A typical activated sludge process
5.Diagram of Aeration Tank
6.Varous treatment of wastewater
7: Activated Sludge Process

B. LIST OF TABLES
1Effluents from the electroplating industry.
2 Significant colors in wastewater
3 Sample Description: Original Sample
4 Sample Description: Sample after primary treatment
5 Sample Description: Sample after run1
6 Sample Description: Sample after run2
7 Sample Description: Sample after run3
8 Sample Description: Sample after run4

C.LIST OF GRAPHS
1.CHROMIUM CONTENT VS TIME
2.COD VS TIME

ABSTRACT
The speciation of metals in environmental samples is a critical factor in assessing the potential
environmental impacts, before their disposal. Electroplating involves different combinations of a
wide variety of processes and there are many opportunities to improve on traditional practices in
the industry. The speciation of metals in environmental samples is a critical factor in
assessing the potential environmental impacts before their disposal. Effluent
discharged from the chromium electroplating industry contains a large number of metals
including chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, manganese and lead. The application of engineered
micro-organisms is an alternative technique for application in the treatment of industrial
wastewater containing high Chemical Oxygen Demand and indeed it has proven to be very
promising in the removal hazardous species. The main objective of the present work is to
evaluate the performance of engineered micro-organisms for reduction in Chemical Oxygen
Demand from industrial effluents. For this purpose samples were tested. For experimentation, the
effluent was sampled daily for all parameters. Sampling of metals should be carried out when
there are process changes. Frequent sampling was done during start-up and upset conditions.
Data was reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any
necessary corrective actions can be taken.
The COD was as high as 6327ppm in the original sample. Cr concentration was also
higher in wastewater of about 6.25ppm.