1 Constitution defined.

That body of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of
sovereignty are habitually exercised [Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, p. 4]. With particular reference to
the Constitution of the Philippines: That written instrument enacted by direct action of the people by which
the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited and defined, and by which those powers
are distributed among the several departments for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the body
politic [Malcolm, Philippine Constitutional Law, p. 6].

a Written or unwritten. Awritten constitution is one whose precepts are embodied in one document or set of
documents; while an unwritten constitution consists of rules which have not been integrated into a single,
concrete form but are scattered in various sources, such as statutes of a fundamental character, judicial
decisions, commentaries of publicists, customs and traditions, and certain common law principles [Cruz,
Constitutional Law, pp. 4-5].

b Rigid or Flexible. A rigid Constitution is one that can be amended only by a formal and usually difficult
process; while a flexible Constitution is one that can be changed by ordinary legislation [Cruz, ibid., p. 5].
1 Constitution defined. That body of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of
sovereignty are habitually exercised [Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, p. 4]. With particular reference to
the Constitution of the Philippines: That written instrument enacted by direct action of the people by which
the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited and defined, and by which those powers
are distributed among the several departments for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the body
politic [Malcolm, Philippine Constitutional Law, p. 6].

a) Written or unwritten. Awritten constitution is one whose precepts are embodied in one document or set of
documents; while an unwritten constitution consists of rules which have not been integrated into a single,
concrete form but are scattered in various sources, such as statutes of a fundamental character, judicial
decisions, commentaries of publicists, customs and traditions, and certain common law principles [Cruz,
Constitutional Law, pp. 4-5].

b) Rigid or Flexible. A rigid Constitution is one that can be amended only by a formal and usually difficult
process; while a flexible Constitution is one that can be changed by ordinary legislation [Cruz, ibid., p. 5].
1 Constitution defined. That body of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of
sovereignty are habitually exercised [Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, p. 4]. With particular reference to
the Constitution of the Philippines: That written instrument enacted by direct action of the people by which
the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited and defined, and by which those powers
are distributed among the several departments for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the body
politic [Malcolm, Philippine Constitutional Law, p. 6].

a)

Written or unwritten. Awritten constitution is one whose precepts are

embodied in one document or set of documents; while an unwritten
constitution consists of rules which have not been integrated into a single,
concrete form but are scattered in various sources, such as statutes of a
fundamental character, judicial decisions, commentaries of publicists,
customs and traditions, and certain common law principles [Cruz,
Constitutional Law, pp. 4-5].

b)

Rigid or Flexible. A rigid Constitution is one that can be amended only by a

formal and usually difficult process; while a flexible Constitution is one that
can be changed by ordinary legislation [Cruz, ibid., p. 5].