INDEX

Introduction
Logic Gates
Basic Logic gates and their Truth Tables
Circuit Diagrams

Experiment
Aim

10

Apparatus

10

Theory
Procedure

11
16

Circuits Prepared

22

Observations

24

Result

26

Bibliography

27

 INTRODUCTION
Logic Gates:
A gate is a digital circuit that follows curtain logical
relationship between the input and output voltages.
Therefore, they are generally known as logic gates gates
because they control the flow of information.
The five common logic gates used are NOT, AND, OR, NAND,
NOR. Each logic gate is indicated by a symbol and its function
is defined by a truth table that shows all the possible input
logic level combinations with their respective output logic
levels.
Truth tables help understand the behavior of logic gates.

(i)

NOT gate (Inverter)

This is the most basic gate, with one input and one output.
Produces a 1 output if the input is 0 and vice-versa. That is,
it produces an inverted version of the input at its output.

Y=A

(ii)

OR Gate

An OR gate has two or more inputs with one output. The

output Y is 1 when either input A or input B or both are 1s,
that is, if any of the input is high, the output is high.

Y=A OR
B(A+B)

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
1
1
1

(iii) AND Gate

An AND gate has two or more inputs and one output. The
output Y of AND gate is 1 ,only when input A and input B are
both 1. It kind of looks for the minimum of the two signals.

Y=A AND
B(A.B)

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
0
0
1

 Some Basic Logic Gates and Their

Truth Tables
hg

 Circuit diagrams
AND GATE

OR GATE

NOT GATE

Experiment
AIM
To design and simulate basic AND
logic gate and to design an
appropriate logic gate combination for
a given truth table.

APPARATUS

A Breadboard

Two N4007 diodes

One LED

A 9v battery with a connector

Two 100, three 560 resistors

Connecting wires

 THEORY

AND Gate

A.B

The AND gate is an electronic circuit that

gives high output only if all inputs are high

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

 PROCEDURE

Design of AND gate.

DESIGN OF AND GATE

COMPONENTS: Two p-n junction diode, A

LED, A 100 resistors

CONSTRUCTION: An AND gate can be

realized by connecting the diodes as shown
in the figure. A resistance of 100 is
connected in series with the LED to prevent
its malfunction.

PROJECT BOARD CIRCUIT:

GROUN
D

HIG
H

 Circuits

Prepared:AND gate


OBSERVATIO
NS
Stimulation of AND gate
The following conclusions can be
easily drawn from the working of
electrical circuit:
a) If both switches are open (A=0, B
=0) then LED will not glow, hence Y=0.
b) If Switch one switch is open and
the other is closed (A=1, B=0 or
A=0, B=1) then LED will not glow, hence
Y=0.
c) If switch A & B both closed (A=1,
B=1) then LED will glow,

Hence Y=1.

R
esul
t

Logic AND gate was

designed and simulated
and logic circuit was
prepared.

BIBLIOGRAP

HY: Wikipedia
Electronic devices and circuits by J B
Gupta
Conceptual physics by G C Agarwal
Encarta