EFFICIENCY

Managing Water Distribution

Network
Francisco Cubillo
Deputy Director R&D&I

NWC Visit, Saudi Arabia

29-01-2015

Supplies drinking water and sewerage services to

the region of Madrid in Spain

14 Dams (946 hm)

86 Groundwater fields

13 Water Treatment Plants

24 Large service reservoirs

280 Local reservoirs

17.087 km Distribution Network

11.148 km Sewerage Network

149 Pumping Stations

130 Waste Water Pumping Station

63 Storm Tanks

751 km Sewers and outfalls

154 Waste Water Treatment Plants

256 km Reuse Water Network

Region of Madrid

Efficiency
The main concern of Canal Gestin

Compliance
+
Quality of Service
=
Risk to Service

BENEFIT

A comprehensive
approach

Economic

COST

Environmental
Social

Efficiency. Managing Water Distribution Network

Context
European Water Directives (Drinking, Environment)

Spanish regulation & Watershed Management

Canal Gestin Commitments & Targets

Efficiency
MAKING
DECISIONS

Structural

Operational

Extension

Configuration

Structural
Operational

Renewal
Strategics
Seasonal
Inmediate

Contingency
7

Scope
MAKING DECCISSIONS IN:
Planning

Designing
Operation & Maintenance

Contingency Management
Improving Customer interaction

Research & Development

8

Tools
Best practices

Appropriate technologies

Understanding and
Characterizing water
demand

10

Evolution of supplied
population
Supplied population
6,5

6,0

5,0

4,5

2015

2010

2005

2000

1995

1990

4,0
1985

Millions

5,5

37% increase in 25 years

11

Evolution of bulk water

supply last 30 years
Bulk water supply
700

600

500

1992 - 1995 Drought

2005 - 2006 Drought

hm3

400

300

200

100

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

12

Trends on per capita

consumption
Unitary per capita consumption
300

200

Total billed
150

Residential
100

Increase in per capita consumption

1995 - 2003

2003 - 2013

Total billed

9.82 %

-24.45%

Residential

9.43 %

-21.40%

50

2012

2007

2002

1997

1992

1987

liters per inh, day

250

Change of
trend prior to
the beginning
of latest
drought and
economic
recession

13

Changes in design criteria:

peak daily demand
Maximum daily consumption
35
30

m 3 /s

25
20
15
10
5
0
1990

1995

2000
Design criteria

2005
Measured

2010

2015

Summer 2014

14

Distribution of billed consumption

by economical sectors
Billed water by economic sectors
Institutional
7%
Commercial
11%

Landscaping
2%

Others
4%
Multi f amily
55%

Industrial
5%

Single f amily
16%

Billed drinking water 2013:

399.14 million cubic meters
Reused water supplied 2013:
10.37 million cubic meters

15

Evolution of per property

consumption in different uses
Unitary consumption in different uses
30.000

25.000

Institutions
Industrial

20.000

15.000

Commercial
Single family

10.000

Residential
5.000

Multi family

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

l/prop day

Others

Declining trends observed in all uses of water

16

Residential unitary consumption

in different zones
Per dwelling residential consumption
700

600

400

300

Municipio de
Madrid
Norte
Metropolitano
Oeste
Metropolitano
Nordeste
Comunidad

200

100

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

Lit / dwelling day

500

17

Monitoring of micro-components of
residential water use in a sample of
dwellings

18

End uses monitoring:

technology selection
The choice of Canal Gestin
Rotary piston volumetric type water meters
Very low starting flow (< 1 l/h)
Pulse output: 1l 0.1 l/pulse
Remote terminal units
GSM/GPRS modem

25,000 data memory capacity

19

End uses monitoring: end

uses identification
0,7

Fregadero

Commercial available software

Templada

Fra

Human supervision

Ducha

Bid

Lavabo

0,5

In house developments

Grifera

Caliente
0,6

WC
0,4

Q
(m3/h)

0,3

0,2

0,1

Automatic methods: statistic,

0
41400

41450

41500

41550

41600

41650

41700

41750

41800

T(seg.)

bayesian networks
New developments: ANN, pattern
recognition techniques

20

Evolution of micro-components of
residential water use in the
monitored sample 2008 - 2014
Micro-components of residential water use
160

140

120

Bathtube/Shower

Taps
80

Toilet
Internal leaks

60

Clotheswasher
Dishwasher

40

Irrigation
Pool

20

ene-14

oct-13

jul-13

abr-13

ene-13

jul-12

oct-12

abr-12

ene-12

oct-11

jul-11

abr-11

oct-10

ene-11

jul-10

abr-10

ene-10

oct-09

jul-09

abr-09

ene-09

oct-08

jul-08

abr-08

0
ene-08

l/prop day

100

21

Trend in micro-components of
residential water use in the
monitored sample 2008 - 2013

Trend

Bathtube
/Shower

Taps

Toilet

Internal
leaks

Clotheswasher

Dishwasher

Outdoor

Total

Average (l/d)

106,9

103,8

35,3

15,3

28,1

7,9

7,6

305,1

Annual (%)

1,1%

1,1%

-6,8%

-15,5%

-6,1%

-6,7%

-7,2%

-1,7%

Annual (l.)

1,2

1,1

-2,4

-2,4

-1,7

-0,5

-0,5

-5,3

22

Micro-components of water use in

the monitored sample 2008 - 2013
Microcomponents of residential water use 2008
Clotheswasher
11%

Internal leaks
6%

Dishwasher
2%

Irrigation
3%
Bathtube/Shower
30%

Toilet
13%

Microcomponents of residential water use 2013

Clotheswasher
8%
Internal leaks
3%
Taps
35%

Dishwasher
2%

Irrigation
3%
Bathtube/Shower
36%

Toilet
10%

Taps
38%

23

End uses monitoring: data

analysis
Daily, weekly and seasonal patterns of consumption

Trends on residential consumption

Histograms of consumption at different flow levels
Undermetering evaluation

Assessment of potential water use reduction through efficient

plumbing equipment.
Effective design of demand management policies

24

Planning, design and

development of infrastructures
Changes in unitary consumptions for design of
infrastructures
Changes in criteria for demand forecasting (water
supply and sanitation): 15% reduction of long term
forecasted demand
Changes in design of new infrastructures:
adaptability, modularity.
Delay in the requirements for new assets
implementation (investments).7 years on average

25

Understanding assets

26

LOW
FC_E10_ALTA

PFN_E50_MEDIA

FG_E30_ALTA

PDN_E100_ALTA

OFN_E100_ALTA

FC_E30_MEDIA

FC_E30_ALTA

FG_E30_MEDIA

OFN_E100_BAJA

FC_E30_BAJA

PFN_E10_BAJA

FC_E50_ALTA

PFN_E30_MEDIA

FG_E30_BAJA

FG_E50_ALTA

PFN_E10_MEDIA

FG_E100_MEDIA

FG_E50_MEDIA

PFN_E100_MEDIA

OFN_E10_MEDIA

PDN_E10_MEDIA

FC_E50_BAJA

FG_E100_BAJA

FG_E50_BAJA

FD_E50_ALTA

FD_E50_BAJA

FD_E100_BAJA

ODN_E30_BAJA

FD_E100_MEDIA

ODN_E100_MEDIA

ODN_E10_ALTA

ODN_E50_ALTA

ODN_E10_MEDIA

FD_E10_BAJA

FD_E30_BAJA

LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE

Life span assessment:

likelihood of failure
HIGH

CHARACTERIZATION OF PIPES: MATERIAL _ AGE_ PRESSURE

27

Tools for network

management
GIS

CONTROL
CENTER

SCADA

MATH. NETWORK
MODELS

28

What is different?
The use of

NETWORK SECTORIZATION
as the spine to monitoring and
operation
29

Sectorization of the
distribution network
791

permanent
sectors

30

Sectorizing the water supply

network

31

ETAP
A
Dep. Local

a
DEP. SISTEMA

DEP. SISTEMA

2
d
e

f
DEP. SISTEMA

DEP. ETAP

ETAP
B

Accumulated distribution of the

number of sectors and properties
based on sector size
100%
90%

80%
70%
60%

SECTORS
50%
40%
30%

PROPERTIES

20%
10%
0%

Sector size (properties)

33

Understanding supply
and distribution service

34

What is different?
The use of RISK as a key parameter
for decision making
Reliable Quality of Service

35

Risk assessment
Based on FOUR PILARS

Monitoring records

Customers complaints records

Contingency records

Risk theoretic assessment

36

Risk assessment
THREATS
Droughts
Scarcity,
Bursts
Unexpected Demands
Flows versus assets
Transients, Operations
Quality contingency

CONSEQUENCES
Non enough water available
Non continuity of water supply
Non adequate pressure
Non adequate drinking quality

37

ETAP
POZO

ETAP

Property
District

D.M.A

SECTOR 5

SECTOR 4

ETAP

SECTOR 1
SECTOR 2

SECTOR 3

Municipality

Zone
AC n

Global

AC 1

AC 3
AC 2
38

One common impact assessment

parameter

Properties Hour/Year
Average Impact hours/property

39

Risk assessment

Discontinuity due to bursts and leaks repair

40

Planning investments

41

Elements Risk

42

Cost-Benefit analysis
Decreased Risk
[Properties x Hour/ Year]

3.000.000

2.500.000

2.000.000

1.500.000

1.000.000

500.000

50

100

150

200

250

INVESTMENT Millions

43

Renewal priority
investment

44

Investment options
TOTAL RISK

BASELINE
Inv.1
Inv.2
Inv.3

Standar
Inv.4

Horizon X

TIME

45

Inadequate pressure
Planning investments
Pressure management

46

Type of supplied
head pressure
for sectors

NETWORK
REGULATOR
TANK
PUMPING

47

High pressure
sectors

% hour x prop x pressure > 80m

48

Low pressure
sectors

% Hours x prop x pressure <25m

49

Pressure
Management
Plan
Pressure Management
Type

Pressure Management Types

80
70

No Sectors

60
50
40

30
20
10
0

10,9 M 2011 2015 Plan

STATIC
DYNAMIC

INTERNAL

50

Pressure management
options for different
operations

Pressure OP3 OP0 (meters)

51

Registered Supply Flow

0,02
0,018
0,014
0,012
0,01
0,008
0,006
0,004
0,002
0

Components of flow

1:00
4:00
7:00
10:00
13:00
16:00
19:00
22:00
1:00
4:00
7:00
10:00
13:00
16:00
19:00
22:00
1:00
4:00
7:00
10:00
13:00
16:00
19:00
22:00

Time

Flow m/s

Flow (m3/s)

0,016

Unmetered uses

Metered Uses

Minimum leakage flow detectable (bulk meter)

Background Losses

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time

52

Global risk assessment

53

Risk

Annual risk analysis

Strategic Operation

Discontinuity

Pressure
Quality
Winter

Average

Summer

Average

54

Strategic Operations

OPERATION 1

OPERATION 2

55

Risk distribution by sectors

OPERATION 1

OPERATION 2

56

Risk

Operational Options
Opt.
4

Opt.
5

Discontinuity
Quality

Pressure
Quality

Discontinuity
Pressure

57

Operational Options Analysis

Risk

Opt.4
Opt.5

Opt.1
Opt.2
Current
operation

Opt.3

Cost
58

Bursts
NRW
Real Losses
Anomalies

Risk Service
Cost
59

Efficiency
A never ending story

60