Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
30 October 2013
Infrastructure Vision
End game is clear, transition to date has been
murky
Lessons Learned
- Improve delivery technologies
- Reduced maintenance costs
- Simple, modular, expandable
- Piggyback on existing assets
- Drive to high variable , low fixed cost option
Consider three components of supply chain:
- Infrastructure requirement at point of use
- Means of hydrogen production
- Delivery from point of production to point of use
Duplicate the proven gasoline forecourt
4
Supply Options
Onsite
- SMR
- Electrolysis
Delivered
- BHY (gas)
- LHY (liquid)
Cost Elements
Feedstock
Production
Distribution
Station Equipment
Operations
Gasoline (gallon)
Electricity (WE kg H2 - Commercial $)
Natural Gas (SMR kg H2 - Commercial$)
$8.00
$7.00
$6.00
$5.00
$4.00
$3.00
$2.00
$1.00
$-
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Onsite Electrolysis
$/kg retail
$15
$10
Onsite SMR
LHY
$5
Pipeline
$-
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
200-400kg/day
H2 ($/kg)
10
Operations
Refueling Station
2
Distribution
1
Production
0
1234-
$7/kg
Comparative Economics
(200-400kg/day)
BHY1
LHY2
Feedstock
0.82
~2X
~4X
~8X
~2X
1X
Production
0.68
~2X
~1.5X
~4X
~4X
1X
Distribution $
1.50
~1/2X
Same
~0.5X
Station
Equipment
2.50 ~1.25X
Same
~1.5X
~1.5X
<1X
1.80
Same
~1.5X
~1.5X
<1X
Operations
Dispensed
Price
Feed, Prod.,
$
Dist.
3.00 $
~1.5X
4.50 $
6.00 $ 10.00 $
10.50 $
6.00
4.25 $
2.25
Natural Gas
Hydrogen
Steam
Biogas
10
Air Products
Hydrogen Plant
Power
Hydrogen /
Power / Steam
to other
customers
US Biogas Resources
Summary
End markets Total Cost of Ownership of vehicle and fuel
will influence market acceptance and market scale of
hydrogen as an alternative fuel. Gaseous delivered
hydrogen will seed the early market.
Other options come into play as mega stations and full
deployment occur.
Biogas conversion is the lowest cost renewable hydrogen
and eliminates an existing GHG issue.
12
Thank you
tell me more
www.airproducts.com/h2energy
13
Supporting Information
14
A WE (with BOP)
A WE (without BOP)
PEM WE (with BOP)
75
70
60
55
50
45
40
0
10
100
Hydrogen (kg/day)
15
1,000
A WE (with BOP)
A WE (without BOP)
PEM WE (with BOP)
PEM WE (without BOP)
90%
70%
60%
50%
40%
0
10
100
Hydrogen (kg/day)
16
1,000
17
$1.50
$1.00
$0.50
$-
$-
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
$4.50
$5.00
$4.50
$4.00
$3.50
$3.00
$2.50
$2.00
$1.50
$1.00
$0.50
$-
$-
$0.01
$0.02
$0.03
$0.04
$0.05
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