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BEGINNING ALGEBRA
(ALGEBRA I)
SAMPLE TEST
PLACEMENT EXAMINATION
Download the complete Study Packet:
http://www.glendale.edu/studypackets
Students who have taken 1 year of high school algebra or its equivalent with grades of C or better are
eligible to take this examination. There are a total of 50 questions on the examination. The test is timed
for 45 minutes. No calculators are allowed. Sample questions from each of the nine areas below are on the
back of this sheet. Students who receive a satisfactory score may enroll in the following courses:
Typical questions from each of the competency areas of the Elementary Algebra Test
1. Arithmetic
(0.12)2 =
(A) 0.00144
(B) 0.0144
(C) 0.144
(D) 0.24
(E) 1.44
2. Polynomials
One of the factors of x - x 6 is
(A) x + 3
(B) x + 2
(C) x 1
(D) x 2
(E) x 6
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(B) 3
(C) 3
(D) -
6
7
(E)
6
7
4. Quadratic Equations
What are the possible values of x such that 3x - 2x = 0?
(A) -
2
only
3
(B) 0 only
(C)
2
only
3
(D) 0 and
2
3
(E) -
2
2
and
only
3
3
5. Graphing
On the number line below, which letter best locates
P
| I
1
7
2
7
3
7
(A) P
(B) Q
5
?
9
Q R
I| I
S T
I| I
4
7
5
7
6
7
(C) R
(D) S
(E) T
6. Rational Expressions
2
1
=
w +1 w 1
1
(A)
w+2
(B)
1
w 1
(C)
w3
w 1
(D)
w+3
w 1
(E)
3w 1
w 1
64x16
If x > 0 then
(A) 8x4
=
8
(C) 16x4
(B) 8x
(D) 32x4
(E) 32x8
8. Geometric Measurement
In the right triangle shown to the right, what is the
length of AC?
(A) 8
(D)
(B) 12
18
(E)
(C) 18
13
194
B
C
5
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Word Problem
If x is to 5 as y is to 8, what is the value of x when y = 2?
(A)
5
16
(B)
4
5
(C)
5
4
(D)
16
5
(E) 5
ANSWERS: 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C
A.
Fractions
Simplifying Fractions:
Example: Reduce 27/36:
27 9 3 9 3
3 3
= = 1 =
=
36 9 4 9 4
4 4
(Note that you must be able to find
a common factorin this case 9
in both the top and bottom in order
to reduce.)
1 to 3: Reduce:
1.
13
52
3. 3 + 6 =
3+9
Example:
1) 3/4 is the equivalent to 3 ?
=
how many eighths?
4 8
2 3 23 6
=
= 1 = =
4 2 4 24 8
4
3
4 to 5: Complete:
4 ?
3 ?
=
4. =
5.
9 72
5 20
How to Get the Lowest Common
Denominator (LCD) by finding the
least common multiple (LCM) of
all denominators:
Example: 5/6 and 8/15
First find LCM of 6 and 15:
6 = 23
15 = 3 5
LCM = 2 3 5 = 30 , so
5 25
8 16
=
, and
=
6 30
15 30
Example:
7 1 7 1 6 3
=
=
=
10 10
10
10 5
9 to 11: Find the sum or difference
(reduce if possible):
4 2
+ =
7 7
5 1
10. + =
6 6
5
1
2)
12
10
22
24.
25.
26.
27.
+
=
=1
15 15 15
15
3 4 3 4 1
= =
=
2 3 6 6
6
6
1)
11.
12.
3
2
13.
5.4 + 0.78 =
0.36 0.63 =
4 0.3 + 0.001 0.01 + 0.1 =
$3.54 $1.68 =
Multiplying Decimals
Example: 3 2 = 3 2 = 6 = 3
7 5
=
8 8
45
4 5
20
14 to 17: Simplify:
10
3
16. 4 =
2
1
17. 2 =
2
Dividing Fractions: a nice way to do
this is to make a compound fraction
and then multiply the top and bottom
(of the big fraction) by the LCD of
both:
2 3
14. =
3 8
1 1
15. =
2 3
Examples: 3
3
1)
2 =
3
7
2
3
=
1
2
4 = 4
2
2
3
2)
9.
Examples:
1) .3 x .5 = .15
2) .3 x .2 = .06
3) (.03)2 = .0009
Equivalent Fractions:
Examples:
1) 1.23 0.1 = 1.13
2) 4 + 0.3 = 4.3
3) 6.04 (2 1.4) = 6.04 0.6 = 5.44
24 to 27: Simplify.
Examples:
12 to 13: Simplify:
2. 26 =
65
12
=
12
6
3 2
3 1
=
2 4
3 3
19. 11 =
8 4
3
2 =
20.
4
30. (.51)2 =
29. .01 x .2 =
31. 5 x .4 =
Examples:
1) 0.3 0.03
2)
.014
.07
14
= 14 70 = .2
70
42
43
42
= 42
21.
32.
0.013 100 =
33.
0.053 0.2 =
2
3
340
3.4
Examples:
1) 3 4 = 3 3 3 3 = 81
4
2
22.
34.
18 to 22: Simplify:
18.
28. 3.24 x 10 =
32 to 34: Simplify:
76
2
28 to 31: Simplify:
3
=
4
2) 4 3 = 4 4 4 = 64
35 to 44: Find the value:
B. Decimals
35. 32 =
36.
(3)2 =
41. (2.1)2 =
37.
(3)2 =
38.
32 =
42. (0.1)3 =
3
2
43. =
3 3
39.
(2)3 =
44.
40. 1002 =
2
3
a = b means b2 = a , where b 0 .
49 = 7 , because 72 = 49.
Thus
Also, 49 = 7 .
45.
46. 144 =
47.
144 =
48.
8100 =
49.
1.44 =
50.
.09 =
51. 9 =
4
20
= 20 3 = 6.666666... = 6.6
2)
3
2
2
3) 3 5 = 3 + 5 = 3 + (2 5)
= 3 + 0.4 = 3.4
8
3
54. 4
55.
3
3
100
76
=3
100
72.
1.2346825 x 367.003246 =
(4, 40, 400, 4000, 40000)
First identify a , b , c :
D. Fraction-Decimal Conversion
19
25
0.0042210398 0.0190498238 =
(0.02, 0.2, 0.5, 5, 20, 50)
73.
74.
101.7283507 + 3.141592653 =
(2, 4, 98, 105, 400)
75.
(4.36285903)3 =
(12, 64, 640, 5000, 12000)
63. 3% of 40 is 1.2
64. 600 is 150% of 400
65. 3 out of 12 is 25%
Given a and b , change a% to
decimal form and multiply (since
of can be translated multiply).
Answers
1. 1/4
38. 9
2. 2/5
39. 8
3. 3/4
40. 10000
4. 32
41. 4.41
5. 12
42. .001
Examples:
1) What is 9.4% of $5000?
(a% of b is c:
9.4% of $5000 is ? _)
9.4% = 0.094
0.094 x $5000 = $470 (answer)
6. 6/9 , 2/9
43. 8/27
7. 9/24 , 14/24
44. 8/27
8. 3/4 (because
45. 12
9. 6/7
46. 12
10. 1
11. 1/4
48. 90
12. 1/15
49. 1.2
13. 7/8
50. 0.3
14. 1/4
51. 2/3
15. 1/6
52. 0.625
16. 9/16
53. 0.428571
17. 25/4
54.
56. 0.01 =
66. 4% of 9 is what?
18. 6
55. 0.03
19. 15 1/6
56. 1/100
20. 3/8
21. 8/3
58. 1 = 5/4
22. 1/6
59. 30%
E.
57. 4.9 =
58. 1.25 =
Percent
8
100
F.
23. 0.7
60. 400%
25
24. 6.18
61. 0.1
25. 0.27
26. 3.791
62. 0.0003
a b c
63. 3 40 1.2
27. $1.86
28. 32.4
65. 25 12 3
29. 0.002
66. 0.36
30. 0.2601
67. 80%
31. 2
68. 400
32. 0.00013
69. 50
33. 0.265
70. 1
34. 100
71. 0.0008
35. 9
72. 400
36. 9
73. 0.2
37. 9
74. 105
70. 1.09
71. .0083
60. 4 =
4.3
62. 0.03% =
0.0298 x 0.000513
75. 64
A.
Grouping to Simplify
Polynomials
B.
Examples:
1) If x = 3, then 7 4x =
7 4(3) = 7 12 = 5
2) If a = 7 and b = 1, then
a2b = (7)2(1) = 49(1)
= 49
3) If x = 2, then
3x2 x 5
= 3(2)2 (2) 5
= 3 4 + 2 5 = 12 + 2 5
=9
10 to 19: Given x = 1, y = 3,
z = 3, Find the value:
10.
1.
z =
xz =
y+z=
14.
y2 + z2 =
15.
2x + 4y =
(x 7) =
27.
2(3 a) =
28.
x(x + 5) =
29.
(3x 1)7 =
30.
a(2x 3) =
31.
(x2 1)( 1) =
32.
8(3a2 + 2a 7) =
E.
Multiplying Polynomials
17. (x + z) =
2
18. x + z =
5(a 1) =
13.
16. 2x x 1 =
4x x =
12.
3.
2x =
D.
6(x 3) =
11.
2.
Evaluation by Substitution
19. x z =
4.
x+x=
5.
a+ba+b=
6.
9x y + 3y 8x =
7.
4x + 1 + x 2 =
20 to 25: Simplify:
8.
180 x 90 =
20.
(x2 + x) (x + 1) =
9.
x 2y + y 2x =
21.
(x 3) + (5 2x) =
22.
(2a2 a) + (a2 + a 1) =
(7 x) (x 7) =
25.
x2 (x2 + x 1) =
Example:
(2x + 1)(x 4) is a(b + c) if:
a = (2x + 1), b = x, and c = 4
So,
=
=
=
a(b + c) = ab + ac
(2x + 1)x + (2x + 1)( 1)
2x2 + x 8x 4
2x2 7x 4
33 to 41: Multiply.
45.
(3a + 1)(3a 1) =
46.
(y 1)2 =
47.
(3a + 2)2 =
48.
(3a + 2)(3a 2) =
49.
(3a 2)(3a 2) =
50.
(x y)2 =
51.
(4x + 3y)2 =
52.
(3x +y)(3x y) =
Factoring
33.
(x + 3)2 =
G.
34.
(x 3)2 =
Monomial Factors:
ab + ac = a(b + c)
35.
(x + 3)(x 3) =
36.
(2x +3)(2x 3) =
37.
(x 4)(x 2) =
Examples:
1) x2 x = x(x 1)
2) 4x2y + 6xy = 2xy(2x + 3)
Difference of Two Squares:
a2 b2 = (a + b)(a b)
38. 6x(3 x) =
Example:
9x2 4 = (3x + 2)(3x 2)
39.
(x )2 =
40.
(x 1)(x + 3) =
41.
Trinomial Square:
a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
(x 1)(x + 3) =
a2 2ab + b2 = (a b)2
Example:
x2 6x + 9 = (x 3)2
F. Special Products
These product patterns (examples
of FOIL) should be remembered
and recognized:
2
I.
(a + b)(a b) = a b
2
II.
(a + b) = a + 2ab + b
III.
(a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2
Trinomial:
Example:
1) x2 x 2 = (x 2)(x + 1)
2)
6x2 7x 3
= (3x +1)(2x 3)
a2 + ab =
54.
a3 a2b + ab2 =
55.
8x2 2 =
2) (x + 5)2 = x2 + 10x + 25
56.
x2 10x + 25 =
3) (x +8)(x 8) = x2 64
57.
4xy + 10x2 =
58.
2x2 3x 5 =
59.
x2 x 6 =
60.
x2y y2x =
42.
61.
x2 3x 10 =
62.
2x2 x =
63.
8x3 + 8x2 + 2x =
64.
9x2 + 12x + 4 =
65.
6x3y2 9x4y =
66.
1 x 2x2 =
67.
3x2 10x + 3 =
Examples:
1) (3x 1)2 = 9x2 6x + 1
I:
43.
II:
44.
III:
Answers:
1. 6x 18
2. 3x
3. 5a + 5
4. 2x
5. 2b
6. x + 2y
7. 5x 1
8. 90 x
9. x y
10. 2
11. 3
12. 3
13. 0
14. 18
15. 10
16. 2
17. 16
18. 10
19. 3
20. x2 1
21. 2 x
22. 3a2 1
23. y2 2y 10
24. 14 2x
25. x + 1
26. x + 7
27. 6 + 2a
28. x2 + 5x
29. 21x 7
30. 2ax 3a
31. x2 + 1
32. 24a2 + 16a 56
33. x2 + 6x + 9
34. x2 6x + 9
35. x2 9
36. 4x2 9
37. x2 6x + 8
38. 18x + 6x2
39. x2 x +
40. x2 + 2x 3
41. x4 + 2x2 3
42. 3
43. 2
44. 1
45. 9a2 1
46. y2 2y + 1
47. 9a2 + 12a + 4
48. 9a2 4
49. 9a2 12a + 4
50. x2 2xy + y2
51. 16x2 + 24xy + 9y2
52. 9x2 y2
53. a(a + b)
54. a(a2 ab + b2)
55. 2(2x + 1)(2x 1)
56. (x 5)2
57. 2x(2y 5x)
58. (2x 5)(x + 1)
59. (x 3)(x + 2)
60. xy(x y)
61. (x 5)(x + 2)
62. x(2x 1)
63. 2x(2x + 1)2
64. (3x + 2)2
65. 3x3y(2y 3x)
66. (1 2x)(1 + x)
67. (3x 1)(x 3)
Elementary Algebra Diagnostic Test Practice Topic 3: Linear equations and inequalities
Directions: Study the examples, work the problems, then check your answers on the back of this sheet. If you dont get the answer
given, check your work and look for mistakes. If you have trouble, ask a math teacher or someone else who understands this topic.
A.
1 to 11: Solve:
1.
2x = 9
7.
4x 6 = x
2.
3=
6x
5
8.
x4=
3.
3x + 7 = 6
9.
6 4x = x
10.
7x 5 = 2x + 10
11.
4x + 5 = 3 2x
5.
x 5
=
3 4
5x=9
6.
x=
4.
x
+1
2
2x
+1
5
Solve for F :
C=
5
(F 32)
9
9 9
:
C = F 32
5 5
9
C + 32 = F
Add 32:
5
9
Thus, F = C + 32
5
Solve for b : a + b = 90
Subtract a : b = 90 a
Solve for x : ax + b = c
Subtract b : ax = c b
cb
Divide by a : x =
a
Examples:
x +1
1)
= 1
3x
Multiply by 2x :
Solve:
x + 1 = 3x
4x = 1
1
x=
4
(Be sure to check answer in the original equation.)
3x + 3
=5
2)
x +1
5
and cross-multiply:
Think of 5 as
1
5x + 5 = 3x + 3
2x = 2
x = 1
But x = 1 doesnt make the original equation
true (it doesnt check), so there is no solution.
20 to 25: Solve and check:
20.
x 1 6
=
x +1 7
23.
x+3
=2
2x
21.
3x
5
=
2x + 1 2
24.
1
x
=
3 x +8
22.
3x 2
=4
2x + 1
25.
x2
=3
4 2x
Multiply by
2)
3)
Example:
13.
a + b = 180
b=
16.
2a + 2b = 180
17.
b=
y=4x
x=
2
y= x+1
3
x=
14. P = 2b + 2h
b=
18.
ax + by = 0
x=
15.
19.
by x = 0
y=
y = 3x 2
x=
or
3 x = 2
x = 1
3 x = 2
x= 1
x = 5
or
x = 5
26 to 30: Solve:
26.
x =3
29.
2 3x = 0
27.
x = 1
30.
x + 2 =1
28.
x 1 = 3
8.
180 x 90 =
Elementary Algebra Diagnostic Test Practice Topic 3: Linear equations and inequalities
C.
If a < b, then:
a+c<b+c
ac<bc
ac < bc (if c > 0)
ac > bc (if c < 0)
a
b
< (if c > 0)
c
c
a
b
> (if c < 0)
c
c
1 2x 7
2x 6
x 3
Graph:
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
31 to 38: Solve and graph on a number line:
31. x 3 > 4
35. 4 2x < 6
32. 4x < 2
36. 5 x > x 3
33. 2x + 1 6
34. 3 < x 3
Answers:
1. 9/2
2. 5/2
3. 1/3
4. 15/4
5. 4
6. 5/3
7. 2
8. 10
9. 6/5
10. 3
11. 1/3
12. 180 a
13. 90 a
14. (F 2h)/2
15. (y + 2)/3
16. 4 y
17. (3y 3)/2
18. by/a
19. x/b
20. 13
21. 5/4
22. 6/5
23. 1
24. 4
25. no solution
26. {3,3}
27. no solution
28. {2,4}
29. {2/3}
30. {3, 1}
31. x > 7
7
32.
0
x<
0
x 5/2
33.
34.
0
x>6
0
x > 1
35.
36.
2
x<4
1
2 3
37.
x>5
0
37. x > 1 + 4
38. 6x + 5 4x 3
38.
x + 2y = 7
3x y = 28
43.
2 x 3y = 5
3x + 5 y = 1
40.
x+y= 5
x y = 3
44.
4x 1 = y
4x + y = 1
41.
2 x y = 9
= 8
x
45.
x+y=3
x + y =1
42.
2x y = 1
y = x 5
46.
2x y = 3
6 x 9 = 3y
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
x 4
5 4 3 2
(9, 1)
(1, 4)
(8, 25)
(4, 9)
(28/19, 13/19)
(1/4, 0)
no solution
Infinitely many solutions.
Any ordered pair of the form
(a, 2a 3), where a is any number.
Example: (4, 5) .
A.
a2 + ab =
7.
a3 a2b + ab2 =
Examples:
1)
5 x = 3x2
Add x:
5 = 3x2 + x
Subtract 5:
0 = 3x2 + x 5
or 3x2 + x 5 = 0
8.
8x2 2 =
9.
x2 10x + 25 =
10.
4xy + 10x2 =
x2 = 3
Rewrite:
x 3=0
[Think of x2 + 0x 3 = 0]
So: a = 1, b = 0, c = 3
11.
2x2 3x 5 =
12.
x2 x 6 =
13.
x2y y2x =
14.
x2 3x 10 =
2)
3x + x2 4 = 0
15.
2x2 x =
2.
5 x2 = 0
16.
2x3 + 8x2 + 8x =
3.
x2 = 3x 1
17.
9x2 + 12x + 4 =
4.
x = 3x2
18.
6x3y2 9x4y =
5.
81x2 = 1
19.
1 x 2x2 =
20.
3x2 10x + 3 =
B.
Factoring
Examples:
1) x2 x = x(x 1)
2) 4x2y + 6xy = 2xy(2x + 3)
If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0
First, identify a and b in
Example:
Example: (3 x)(x + 2) = 0
Compare this with ab = 0
a = (3 x) and b = (x + 2)
21 to 24: Identify
following:
Trinomial Square:
a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
a2 2ab + b2 = (a b)2
2
Examples:
1)
x2 x 2 = (x + 1)(x 2)
2)
a and b
in each of the
21. 3x(2x 5) = 0
2
x 6x + 9 = (x 3)
Trinomial:
ab = 0 :
22. (x 3)x = 0
23.
(2x 1)(x 5) = 0
24.
0 = (x 1)(x + 1)
x=0
(3x 4) = 0
4
x=
3
or
4
Thus, there are two solutions: 0 and .
3
2) If (3 x)(x + 2) = 0,
then (3 x) = 0 or (x + 2) = 0
so,
x = 3 or
x = 2
3) If (2x + 7)2 = 0 , then 2x + 7 = 0
7
so, 2x = 7 , and x = .
2
Note: there must be a zero on one side of the
equation to solve by the factoring method.
Example:
One of the solutions of 10x2 5x = 0 is:
A. 2
B.
C.
D. 2
E. 5
Solve 10x2 5x = 0 by factoring: 5x(2x 1) = 0
So, 5x = 0 or 2x 1 = 0
Thus, x = 0 or
x=
Since x = is one solution, answer C is correct.
44.
D.
25 to 31: Solve:
2/3
E.
3/2
25.
(x + 1)(x 1) = 0
26.
4x(x + 4) = 0
D.
27.
0 = (2x 5)x
28.
0 = (2x +3)(x 1)
45.
1/2
E.
Answers:
1. x2 + 3x 4 = 0
29.
(x 6)(x 6) = 0
30.
(2x 3) = 0
31.
x(x + 2)(x 3) = 0
D.
Examples:
1) Solve: 6x2 = 3x
Rewrite: 6x2 3x = 0
Factor: 3x(2x 1) = 0
So,
3x = 0 or (2x 1) = 0
Thus
x = 0 or x =
2) Solve:
0 = x2 x 12
Factor:
0 = (x 4)(x + 3)
Then x 4 = 0 or
x+3=0
So,
x = 4 or
x = 3
1
a
1
b c
3 4
2.
x2 + 5 = 0
3.
x2 3x + 1 = 0
1 3
1
0
1/2
(Note on 1 to 5:
all signs could
be the opposite)
4.
3x x = 0
3 1
5.
81x2 1 = 0
81
6.
a(a + b)
7.
a(a2 ab + b2)
8.
2(2x + 1)(2x 1)
27.
{0, 5/2}
9.
(x 5)2
28.
{3/2, 1}
10.
2x(2y 5x)
29.
{6}
11.
(2x 5)(x + 1)
30.
{3/2}
12.
(x 3)(x + 2)
31.
{2, 0, 3}
13.
xy(x y)
32.
{0, 3}
14.
(x 5)(x + 2)
33.
{0, 2}
15.
x(2x 1)
34.
{0, }
0 1
16.
2x(x + 2)
35.
{4, 0}
17.
(3x + 2)2
36.
{2. 1}
18.
3x2y(2y 3x)
37.
{3, 2}
19.
(1 2x)(1 + x)
38.
{2. 3}
32. x(x 3) = 0
38. 0 = (x + 2)(x 3)
20.
(3x 1)(x 3)
39.
{1/2, 2/3}
21.
a
3x
b
2x 5
40.
{1/2, 2/3}
22.
x3
41.
{3}
23.
2x 1 x 5
42.
{1, }
43.
{2, 3}
33.
x 2x = 0
34.
2x2 = x
40. 6x2 = x + 2
2
35.
3x(x + 4) = 0
41. 9 + x = 6x
24.
x1
36.
x2 = 2 x
42. 1 x = 2x2
25.
{1, 1}
44.
26.
{4, 0}
45.
37.
x +x=6
43. x x 6 = 0
x+1
A.
1. 0
C D E
2.
5. 1.5
3.
6. 2.75
4.
7.
Thus the solution is 3 < x < 1 and the line graph is:
8.
9.
Example:
3
10.
2
3
11.
2x 6 = 0
12.
x = 3x + 5
B.
4x=3+x
If a < b, then:
a+c<b+c
ac<bc
ac < bc (if c > 0)
ac > bc (if c < 0)
a
b
>
(if c > 0)
c
c
b
a
<
(if c < 0)
c
c
x+3= 1
x = 2
2
2)
a
b
<
(if c > 0)
c
c
a
b
>
(if c < 0)
c
c
x3>4
18.
4 2x < 6
15.
4x < 2
19.
5x>x3
16.
2x + 1 6
20.
x>1+4
17.
3<x3
x<1
or
x>3
22.
x 0 and x > 2
C.
23. x > 1
and x 4
25. (2, 5)
26. (5, 2)
27. (0, 3)
29.
30.
E.
33
32
42.
3
6
43.
44.
45.
52
=
1 ( 1)
6 ( 1)
5 10
46.
=
47.
0 1
1 4
0
=
3
2
=
0
34
The line joining the points P1(x1 , y1) and P2(x2 , y2)
31
y 2 y1
has slope
x 2 x1
4 (1)
5
=
= 1
23 5
AB =
Slope of
(3, 1) and (1 , 4)
49.
(0, 2) and (3 , 5)
50.
(3, 1) and (5 , 1)
51.
52.
30
2 ( 2)
2 ( 2 )
1 0
0
1
= .0
0, 1, 2:
0 1 = 1
11= 2
21= 5
1 0
3
1
=3,
y = 3x
39.
x = 2
36.
xy=3
40.
y = 2x
37.
x=1y
41.
y=
38.
y=1
1
2
1/2
14.
x>7
15.
x<
16.
17.
x 5/ 2
x>6
18.
x > 1
19.
20.
x<4
x>5
21.
x < 1 or x > 3
36.
38.
39.
none
-2
2
40.
41.
-1
1
-2
1< x 4
(0, 1)
1
0
-2
23.
x+1
37.
7
0
x>2
x y
3 0
2 5
5 2
0 3
22.
29.
IV
x
y
y
x
3
-3 -2
13.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
-3
Answers:
1. D
2. E
3. C
4. F
5. B
6. G
7. B
8. Q
9. T
10. S
11. 3
12. 5/2
3
0
2
0 1
42.
1/2
43.
44.
3/2
1
45.
1/5
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
0
none
5/2
7/3
0
3/5
3/4
A.
94
36
C. Equivalent Fractions
Examples:
9 3
3 3
= 1 =
9 4
4 4
1)
3a
12ab
3a 1
3a 4 b
3a
= 1
3a 4 b
4b
2.
52
26
3.
65
3+6
4.
5.
7.
8.
3+9
6axy
15by
19a 2
95a
6.
7y
5a + c
x4
(x 5)(x 4)
=
=
x 2 2x + 1
5ab
5a
1)
4
=
6
6b
=
b 5a 5ab
and
15
15 = 3 5
6 = 23
LCM = 2 3 5 = 30 , so
2)
and
5 25
8
16
=
, and
=
6 30
15 30
6a
4 = 22
6a = 2 3 a
LCM = 2 2 3 a = 12 a , so
3
9a
1
2
=
=
, and
4 12a
6 a 12a
1
13 to 14: Simplify:
B.
2 3
23 6
=
=
2 4 24 8
Examples:
2
15 x y
3 5 2 x y 1
=
3 5 1 x y y
1 2
= 11 2 11 =
y y
13. 4x xy 3y =
6 y2 2
Example: 3 y 10 x = 3 10 x y
x 15 y 2
= 1
(x + 1)(x 2 )
x 1 (x 2 )(x 1)
x 2 3x + 2
=
=
x + 1 (x 2 )(x + 1) (x 2 )(x + 1)
12.
x +1
2
10. x 9 x =
x 9
2
11. 8(x 1) =
6 x2 1
2x 2 x 1
x 1
4)
4x
2(x + 4 )(x 5)
9.
14 x 7 y
5a + b
3x + 2
?
=
x +1
4(x + 1)
3x + 2 4 3x + 2 12 x + 8
=
=
x +1
4 x +1
4x + 4
3)
5a
4b
1 to 12: Reduce:
13
2)
1.
4
3
2
14. x 3x x (x 4 ) =
x4
2x 6
LCM = (x + 2 )(x 2 ), so
x +1
23. 1 = 21 (x + 2 )
3 (x 2 )
3
2x=
=
, and
x + 2 (x + 2 )(x 2 )
x 2 (x + 2 )(x 2 )
20.
Evaluation of Fractions
23 to 27: Complete:
Example: If a = 1 and b = 2, find the
a +3
value of
.
2b 1 1 3 2
+
=
Substitute:
2(2) 1 3
23.
24.
25.
18. a y =
b
16. x =
a
17. x =
3
19. 4x 5y =
3y 2 x
20. b =
c
21. b =
z
22.
c
=
z
26.
9 72
?
3x
=
7 7y
?
x+3
=
x + 2 (x 1)(x + 2 )
30 15 a
15 15 b (1 + b )(1 b )
27. x 6 = ?
6x 2
2
3
3
and
2
9
and 5
x
4
and
x +1
3
31.
32.
33.
3
x2
4
and
4
2x
and
5
x+3
x3
1
3x
and
x
+1
x
4 2
34. + =
7 7
37.
3y
x 2 + 2 x xy 2
3a 2 a
+ =
38.
b b b
3
x
=
35.
x 3 x 3
ba ab
=
36.
b+a b+a
42.
2
+2=
5
49.
43.
a
2=
b
50.
c
44. a =
b
51.
62.
63.
2
3x 2
=
x2 x+2
2 =
4
a
3 =
2/5
3.
5.
6.
2x 1 2x 1
=
x +1 x 2
4
x
=
2
x 2 x 2x
4
x
=
2
x2 x 4
x 1
2 3
=
3 8
a c
=
b d
2 ab
=
7a 12
3
=
4
1
2
3(x + 4 ) 5 y 3
=
58.
5y
x 2 16
x+3 x
=
3x 2 x + 6
5x
2y
2y
2x
43
2y
2x 2y
5b
42
= 42
5x
4 xy
5
4y
2 ax
68. 2 =
a 3
34
a
b
2
65.
69. 2 3 =
=
12
4
a4
a
b
66.
=
70.
=
3 a2
c
a
x + 7 (x 2 9)
=
= 71.
67.
bc
1 ( x 3)
ac
53. bd
b
54. 42
27. 2
6
28. 9 , 9
29. x3 , 5xx
55.
x ( x + 1)
12
30. 3( x + 1) , 3( x + 1)
a/5
31.
2x y
y
32.
33.
3
x2 ,
4
x 2
9
16
56. 25
4
57.
8a 9
125 b 3
5( x 3)
4( x + 3)
, ( x + 3)(x 3)
( x + 3)( x 3)
3y 2
x +1
3x 2
58.
x ( x + 1) , x ( x + 1)
x4
35. 1
60. 9/8
10. x
36.
61. 91/6
11. 4( x 1)
37. 2/x
2( x + 4 )
x4
2x + 1
x 1
38.
2b 2a
b+a
2a + 2
b
5
13. x2
39.
14. x2/2
2x
40. 3aax
15. 3
41.
16. 3
42. 12/5
17. 1
43. a 2b
b
44. ab c
18. 1
2a
4x 10
5x
a+b
ab
19. 17/9
45.
20. none
21. 1
46. a 2 1
a
47. 0
22. 0
48.
23. 32
49.
24. 3xy
50.
59.
5x
42
64. 3 b =
2a
=
57.
56. 2 =
2 1
6
3 2
59. x/6
12.
(x 2)(x + 1)(x 1)
bc
bd
34. 6/7
9.
3 2 6
3
=
=
4 5 20 10
ad
5b
7. 55 aa ++ cb
8. 1
2
2) 3(x + 1) x 4 = 3(x + 1)(x + 2 )(x 2 ) = 3x + 6
55.
2.
4.
Examples:
Answers:
1.
54.
x
x
=
x 1 1 x
76
2x =
3 ( x + 1)
x2 1
b
b
=
c
c
60 to 71: Simplify:
1 1
45. a + b =
53.
61. 11 3 =
1
a
48.
46. a =
4 2
41. =
5 x
52.
2y
(x 1)
3
1
3(x + 2 )
+
=
+
x 1 x + 2 (x 1)(x + 2 ) (x 1)(x + 2)
3x + 6 + x 1
4x + 5
=
=
(x 1)(x + 2) (x 1)(x + 2)
47.
5x
60. 3
3 1
=
a 2a
40. 3 2 =
x a
a a 2a a 2a a a
=
=
=
2 4 4 4
4
4
x2
3)
39.
2)
1)
Examples:
2)
1)
1)
25. x + 2x 3
26. 2 + 2b a ab
51.
3x 2 + 2x
x2 4
3 ( 2 x 1)
( x + 1 )( x 2 )
x+2
x
x 2 + 2x 4
x2 4
52.
62. 3/8
63. 3b
9
64. ab
65. 4a2b
a 2 4a
66. 3 2a
x + 7
67. x + 3
68. 8/3
69. 1/6
a
70. bc
ac
71.
Elementary Algebra Diagnostic Test Practice Topic 7: Exponents and square roots
Directions: Study the examples, work the problems, then check your answers on the back of this sheet. If you dont get the answer
given, check your work and look for mistakes. If you have trouble, ask a math teacher or someone else who understands this topic.
A.
19 to 28: Find x:
19.
20.
23 2 4 = 2 x
23
2
Examples:
1)
25 means 2 2 2 2 2 ,
and has a value of 32.
2)
c c c = c3
21.
22.
52
3x
23 =
23. (23)4 = 2x
2.
32 =
24. 8 = 2x
3.
42 =
25.
4.
(4)2 =
26.
5.
c =
6.
14 =
4
2
=
3
7.
28.
8.
(0.2) =
9.
1
1 =
2
= bx
1
c
= cx
a 3y 2
=a
a 2y 3
10. 210 =
31.
11. (2) =
2
b10
12. 2 =
3
13. (1.1)3 =
3 4
2 2 =
35.
x c +3 x c 3 =
14. 3 2 =
36.
x c+3
Example:
Simplify:
a a a a a = a5
37.
15 to 18: Simplify:
6x 4
39. (x3)2 =
16. 2 b b b =
3 2
40. (3x ) =
17. 42(x)(x)(x) =
2 3
3
3) 2.01 x 10 =
8.04 x 10 6
0.250 x 103 = 2.50 x 102
41. (2xy ) =
50.
C. Scientific Notation
51.
18. (y) =
B. Integer Exponents
I.
II.
a
a
a
b
c
=a
=a
b+c
IV. (ab )c
a
V.
b
bc
VII.
c c
= a b
c
=
a
b
c
c
VI. a0 = 1
(if a 0 )
a
1
a
4.28 x 10 6
=
2.14 x 10 2
4.28
10 6
= 2.00 x 108
x
2.14
10 2
38. (ax+3)x 3 =
32 x 4 =
15.
x c 3
2 x 3
33. 50 =
( 3)3 33 =
Examples:
1) (3.14 x 105)(2) =
2)
34.
30. 34 =
32. 05 =
93,000,000 =
0.000042 =
5.07 =
32 =
a3 a = a x
27.
42.
43.
44.
45.
= 5x
1.
3 4 =
5
= 2x
Examples:
1) 32800 = 3.2800 x 104 if
the zeros in the tens and ones
places are significant. If the
ones zero is not, write
3.280 x 104, if neither is
significant: 3.28 x 104
2) 0.004031 = 4.031 x 103
3) 2 x 102 = 200
4) 9.9 x 101 = 0.99
52.
10 40
=
10 10
1.86 x 10 4
3 x 10 1
3.6 x 10 5
1.8 x 10 8
=
=
8
53. 1.8 x 10 =
3.6 x 10 5
54. (4 x 103)2 =
55. (2.5 x 102)1 =
56.
Elementary Algebra Diagnostic Test Practice Topic 7: Exponents and square roots
D. Simplification of Square Roots
ab = a b if a and b
are both non-negative
( a 0 and b 0 ).
Examples:
1)
32 = 16 2 = 4 2
75 = 3 25
= 3 5
=5 3
2)
3) If
x0
x6 = x3
If
x<0
x6 = x3
87 to 94: Simplify:
2) b 0
57 to 69: Simplify (assume all
square roots are real numbers):
57.
81 =
58. 81 =
59.
2 9=
60.
4 9=
61.
40 =
62.
3 12 =
63.
52 =
64.
9
=
16
65.
.09 =
66.
x5 =
90.
( )( )
Answers:
1. 8
2. 9
3. 16
4. 16
5. 0
6. 1
7. 16/81
8. 0.008
9
9/4
10. 1024
11. 512
12. 64/9
13. 1.331
14. 72
15. 9x4
16. 16b3
17. 16x3
18. y4
19. 7
20. 1
21. 4
22. 0
23. 12
24. 3
25. 4
26. 5
27. 4
28. y + 1
29. 7
30. 1/81
31. 128
32. 0
33. 1
34. 54
35. x2c
3) 5 2 3 2 = 15 4
= 15 2 = 30
3 3 =
75.
3 4 =
( )( )
( 9 )2 =
( 5 )2 =
( 3 )4 =
76. 2 3 3 2 =
77.
78.
79.
4 9 = x
81.
3 2 5 =3 x
Example:
2 64 =
4x 6 =
68.
a2 =
82 to 86: Simplify:
69.
a3 =
82.
Examples:
1) 5 + 2 5 = 3 5
32 2 = 4 2 2 = 3 2
70 to 73: Simplify:
70.
71.
5+ 5=
2 3 + 27 75 =
72.
3 2+ 2=
73.
5 3 3=
64
2
(or
83.
86.
16
Examples:
1) 5
5
=
2)
3
3
10
16
10
4
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
2+
94.
3/4
0.3
2
66. x
67. 2 x
68.
69. a a
70. 2 5
71. 0
72. 4 2
73. 4 3
74.
75.
2 3
76.
6 6
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
9
5
9
36
10
3
82.
x 2 9
6
9x
8x3y6
9.3 x 107
4.2 x 105
5.07
3.2 x 10
1403.0
0.0911
0.000004
38
1 x 10
83.
3/5
84.
7/2
85.
86.
3/2
2
87.
3/2
88.
89.
2/9
6
90.
91.
30
4
6.2 x 10
2.0 x 103
5.0 x 104
1.6 x 105
4.0 x 103
1.46 x 1013
9
9
6
12
5
5
50. 1 x 10
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
93.
64.
65.
36 4 =
63. 2 13
39. x
85.
92.
62. 6 3
5
3
61. 2 10
36. x
37. x/3
38.
25
49
2)
3 4 =
84.
2)
a b=
4
=
9
3
=
2
89.
2) 2 6 = 12
= 4 3 =2 3
74.
91.
Examples:
1) 6 24 = 6 24
= 144 = 12
67.
18
88.
74 to 79: Simplify:
Note: a = b means (by
definition) that
1) b2 = a , and
9
=
4
87.
92.
93.
ab
b
94.
3 2
2
1
2
1.
2.
t
y
3. z
4. w
t
x y
z w
5. Find x:
3x
bh
2
6
8
4.8
14. r = 5 units
15. r = 10 feet
16. d = 4 km
D.
h
w
10
h c
Example:
Rectangle with b = 7 and h = 8:
P = 2b + 2h = 2 7 + 2 8
= 14 + 16
= 30 units
A = bh = 7 8 = 56 sq. units
bh =
A = bh = (10)(4.8)
= 24 sq units
2x
B.
Example:
P=a+b+c
= 6 + 8 + 10
= 24 units
1 to 4: Given x = 127o .
Find the measures of
the other angles:
Example: If r = 8, then A = r2
= 82 = 64 sq. units
r
h
V = 1400
If is approximated by 3.14,
V = 1400(3.14) = 4396 cu. units
sphere (ball) with
radius r has volume
4
V = r3
3
4
3
63 =
4
3
Box, 6 by 8 by 9.
2
5
2
Box, 1 by
by 2
5
6
3
Cube with edge 10.
Cube, edge 0.5
Cylinder with r = 5, h = 10.
Cylinder, r = 3 , h = 2 .
Sphere with radius r = 2.
3
Sphere with radius r = 4 .
E.
115o, 36o
28.
82o, 82o
27.
90o, 17o
29.
68o, 44o
F.
Isosceles Triangles
43.
12
7
12
33.
31. Sides 7, 4, 7
34.
32. Sides 8, 8, 8
35.
37.
39.
40.
Find measure of A .
B
6
C
10
Example: Find x .
Write and
4
solve a
2
3
proportion:
2
A 8 B
57. 17, 8 15
58. 4, 5, 6
x
4
7
48.
10
47. x
3
3
49.
30
20
15
10
x
H. Pythagorean theorem
15
x
6
56.
3 , so 2x = 15 , x = 7 1
2
x
46.
12
hyp
17
10
46 to 49: Find x .
8
5
12
45.
Given D = E = 68o D
and DF = 6. Find
the measure of F
and length of FE:
E
55.
b z
z
x y
b c
a c
=
=
x z , and y z . Each of these
C
figure, and
= 40 ;
C
B = 70o (because all angles
add to 180o). Since A = B ,
AC = AB = 16. AB can be found
with trig---later.
42.
leg
15
55 to 56: Find x.
x
is the same as b
c
c
a b
y
and .
Thus,
= ,
44.
41.
51.
52.
53.
54.
38.
leg
D
E
Example: The
a
ratio a to x , or , a
Find measure of
A
and
,
A
B
if C = 30o.
B
Find measure of
6
B and C ,
If A = 30o. A
Answers
1. 127o
2. 53o
3. 53o
4. 127
5. 36o
P
6. 30 un.
7. 11 un.
8. 12 mi
9. 3 yd,
10. 120 u.
11. 48 un.
12. 30 un.
13. 12 un.
C
14. 10 un.
15. 20 ft.
16. 4 km
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
432
10/3
1000
0.125
250
6
32/3
9/16
90o
29o
73o
16o
68o
no
yes
yes
A
50 un2
6 un2
9 mi2
2
9/16 yd.
360 un2
72 un2
30 un2
6 un2
A
25 un2
100 ft2
4 km2
59.
60, 61, 11
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
yes
yes
cant tell
75o each
120o, 30o
60o
no
no
yes:
44o , 6
ABE, ACD
AB, AC
AE, AD
BE, CD
3
5
15
4
12
f
d
a
=
=
45.
c a+b f +e
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
14/5
9/4
14/5
45/2
40/7, 16/3
8
6
13
54. 5
55. 9
56. 41
57. yes
58. no
59. yes
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
17. What is the average of 87, 36, 48, 59, and 95?
18. If two test scores are 85 and 60, what
minimum score on the next test would be
needed for an overall average of 80?
19. The average height of 49 people is 68 inches.
What is the new average height if a 78-inch
person joins the group?
B.
23.
24.
34 to 35: x is to y as 3 is to 5.
34.
35.
Find y when x is 7.
Find x when y is 7.
38 to 39:
Given 3x = 4y .
45.
46.
47.
E.
F.
Geometry
59.
60.
61 to 62:
61.
B
A
C
O
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
9/4
x
3:2
y
2:3
45
48
27
5/12
144
6
9/2
2x
2x2
2M = W
6
18 men
36 women
$1500
x: 15
y: 6
6 gm
1
x2,x+2
x 16
y+z
20/3
P = 160/3
A = 400/3
10 times the
original size
75%
25% decrease
40/3
49
2ab
a2 + 2ab + b2
= (a + b)2