1609-B08-Cheng Chin Keong-Multi Curvatire Sewer - Bahrain - All

12/9/2016
14 Sep, 2016 Seminar

IEM Sabah
Malaysian Soc
For Trenchless
&Tunneling TechnologyPlanning and highlight the special situations of the
execution of the multi-curvature sewer tunnel
ByIr. Cheng Chin Keong,
General Manager, ICOP (Malaysia)
JKR Sabah
SgSTT
CV Mr Cheng Chin Keong

Ir. Cheng Chin Keong, Danny is currently the Managing Director of
ICOP Construction (M) S/B and concurrently the Regional
Manager (GCC) of ICOP S.P.A. He has over seventeen years
experience in all aspects of pipe jacking and large tunnel works,
from planning to execution. He started his career in Bangkok and
has been working in these are in Australia, SE Asia, Middle East
and Europe. He is also the finalist for the NCE 2013 Young
Tunneller of the year held at London in 2013 ITA Conference. He
has extensive experiences in Bangkok, Malaysia, Australia, Middle
East and Europe. I.CO.P. S.p.A. has been operating for more than
50 years in the field of constructions, microtunnelling,
foundations and special works; in order to remain competitive,
skills, experience and always advanced equipment have always
been developed
IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

Trenchless & Tunnel Technology
Current Development and Applications
Longest Multi Curvature Sewer Tunnel In The Middle East
Cheng Chin Keong, ICOP Construction (M) Sdn. Bhd.
danny.cheng@icop.it

(Supported by JKR Sabah and SgSTT)
14th September 2016
Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
LONGEST MULTI CURVATURE

SEWER TUNNEL IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Ing. Cheng Chin Keong, Danny (B.Eng)

Managing Director
I.CO.P S.P.A. / ICOP Construction (M) Sdn. Bhd.

danny.cheng@icop.it
LONGEST MULTI CURVATURE SEWER TUNNEL IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Ing. Cheng Chin Keong, Danny (I.CO.P. S.P.A. , Italy / ICOP Construction (M) S/B)
ABSTRACT
With the exception growth of population and strategic plans and 2030 Vision to provide capacity to meet the
needs of existing and future development in Muharraq Governorate, a BOOT Sewerage Treatment Plant and
Conveyance system project was built in Kingdom of Bahrain. The project set out and covers the area of
Muharraq, HIDD and Arad, consist of two parts, civil construction of the STP plant, and the other parts, sewer
conveyance system. The Sewer conveyance system are constructed in two major section, main collection tunnel
Deep Gravity Sewer (DGS) and lateral connection to replace two major sewage pumping stations and 22
minor across the coverage area Waste water collection network (WWCN). The WWCN pipeline collects the
sewerage and direct it towards the DGS pipeline. The DGS convey the sewerage through gravity tunnel to the
treatment plan through an intermediate lifting station (ILS). Concerning the environmental effects, disturbance
to the population and neighborhood and impact on the UNESCO protected building (Fort Arad), the DGS route
consist of 15.9km of pipeline of DN1000, DN1400 & DN1800 was executed by Micro-tunnelling method. The
success of the project contributed the reduction of energy use, reduced risk of odor, traffic disruption during
maintenance, sewers backing up and associated sewage flooding. The sewage undergoes treatment process to
produce Treated Sewage Effluent (TSE) suitable for re-use in industrial application, irrigation or landscaping.
47 nos. of shafts are constructed with Secant Pilling method to provide a watertight pit for the microtunnelling
activities then later converts to permanent manholes.
Trenchless installation methods have less impact on the environment and the existing infrastructure than other
methods applying open cut trenching. I.CO.P. had undertaken 5.5km of the DN1800 pipeline. Two sets of
Herrenknecht AVN1800 were utilized to tunnel the GRP Encased RC Jacking Pipe. The major challenges
encountered during the execution of the works are the existing ground conditions (Layered of Anisotropic
sequence of rock), high ground water table with influents of sea tidal, long and multiple curvature drives,
historical and protected areas and tight construction tolerances.
I.CO.P claims two major milestone records on the project by executing the longest DN1800 Sea Crossing
(892m) and longest DN1800 Multiple Long Curvature Drive (955m with 3 sets of S-curves). Both records are
not only valid in the Kingdom of Bahrain but throughout the Middle East Region.
KEYWORDS
Microtunnelling, Curvature Drives, Sewer Pipeline, Trenchless, Deep Gravity Sewer (DGS), GRP.

danny.cheng@icop.it
1.
INTRODUCTION
Muharraq is situated on an island in the north-east of Bahrain and connected to the Kingdoms main island via
three road bridges. The south of the Muharraq area borders the Hidd industrial area and the Khalifa bin Salman
Port. The Muharraq area is subject to constant change due to extensive land reclamation which currently
amounts to approximately 40 km.
Pursuant to the Muharraq Governorate Land Use Strategy, the future land use in the Muharraq area will be of
high diversity. The existing settlements consist mainly of low density housing areas and the historic old town,
which is situated south of the Bahrain International Airport. In future, the Government plans to extend these
housing areas to a yet unused area to the west of the airport.
Furthermore, approximately 26 km of artificial islands will be reclaimed in the north and east, where a mix
between light and high-tech industry, residential zones of differing densities and recreational areas shall be
located. A plot of circa 9 km is reserved for the future airport expansion.
Different development scenarios have to be considered for areas of Muharraq: the areas south and south-west of
the airport are already densely populated and not the subject of major town planning projects. The population
there will increase by a comparatively low rate of approximately 2% per year. In the region to the east and north
of the airport however, large-scale land reclamation projects are planned. Therefore, it is assumed that by 2030,
almost half of Muharraqs population will be situated in these new areas.
A wastewater flow of up to 30,000 m3/day will be redirected to the existing sewer network. In light of the land
reclamation and expansion projects referenced above, a significant population growth (and consequently, an
increasing wastewater production from mostly domestic and some industrial sources) is expected. The Tubli
Water Pollution Control Centre is no longer capable of coping with the wastewater discharge levels of the area,
the commissioning of a new sewage treatment plant is necessary.
Concerning the environmental effects, disturbance to the population and neighborhood and impact on the
UNESCO protected building (Fort Arad), the necessity to create a practical and feasible methodology to install
the new sewer Trunk Main with careful consideration to the surrounding environmental had been a part of the
EPC Contractor Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd.. To this purpose, trenchless technologies using
microtunnelling methodology had been considered and implemented. 5.5km of the DN1800mm Deep Gravity
Sewer (DGS) Pipeline was awarded to I.CO.P S.P.A.. One part of the microtunnelling section which will be
considered as a historical record breaking 942m long with multiple curvature drive will be discussed here.

danny.cheng@icop.it
Figure 1. Location of the project site, Muharraq, Kingdom of Bahrain
2.
CHALLENGES
The challenges encountered in the project especially for the long curvature drive that shall be executed by
I.CO.P. S.P.A. could be categories as follows: Geological Conditions - From the geological point of view based on the report and boreholes log, the
existing ground conditions varies from sand, silty sand, clay, silty clay, mudstone, sandstone to layered
of Anisotropic sequence of rock and reclaimed materials.
Hydrogeology Conditions High ground water table with influents of sea tidal
Ecological and Environmental Conditions Working area that was subsequently at the vicinity of
public parks, coastlines, UNESCO protected areas, historical zones, buildings, congested urban areas
with very dense population and etc.
Climatic Conditions Strong winds, sand and dust storms, periodical heavy downpours and summer
ambient temperature up to 55C.
Existing underground and above ground utilities Risk of settlements, disruptions of services,
permits, relocation timeline and etc.
Working duration Summer bands, Ramadan working hours and etc.
Logistics, supplies and Material procurement limited resources, spare parts, consumable and etc.
Public Acceptance New construction methodology and first time existed / executed in mass in
Bahrain.
Working Schedule Tight working program to complete the works within 12 months including
mobilization.
Construction tolerances Gravity pipeline requires the installation to be within the allowable vertical
tolerance of +/-25mm and horizontal +/-50mm
3.
BEFORE AND AFTER
During the project commencement and design phase, I.CO.P, EPC Contractor and the design consultant had
been closely working on the tunneling route, material optimization and value engineering to optimize the
feasibility to construct the DGS pipeline considering the challenges and actual conditions on site. The table
below compares the status of the pipe route/criteria based on the original pre engineering stage and post value
engineering stage.
Table 1. Technical data of the pre and post value engineering stage (Fort Arad Section PS B2 to PS B3)
1400
Total no.
of Shaft
5
No. of Start
Shaft
3
No. of Arrival
Shaft
2
Distance
between Shafts
Av. 280m
Drive
Criteria
Straight
1800
942m
S-Curves
Stage
Pipe DN
Post/Tender
Pre/Construction

danny.cheng@icop.it
Figure 2. Pre Engineering/Tender Pipeline Route along Fort Arad area (PS B2 to PS B3)
Figure 3. Post Engineering/Optimization of Pipeline Route along Fort Arad area (PS B2 to PS)
4.
CHOICE FOR THE TRENCHLESS METHODOLOGY
Considering the construction tolerances, project time line requirement and the numerous list of challenges
herewith stated above, I.CO.P. had proposed to the EPC Contractor the following technical insights will be
applied: The starting shaft was constructed with secant pilling method to form a completely sealed and water
tight launching pit for the microtunnelling works. Break-in/Break-out zones were consolidated with the
same method.
A remote controlled microtunnelling machines are operated from a control panel in a container which is
located on surface next to the start shaft.
Implementation of a gantry crane for all lifting purposes;
Specially designed pipes that shall be suitable for curvature drives while maintaining the project
requirement;
Endoscope bulkhead inspection if required to minimize downtime and needs of face intervention;
Effective spoil separation and muck handling system;

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Adequate and special cooling system for tunnel ventilation and equipment heat process unit;
Real time monitoring system including tunnel communication and continuous gas monitoring system;
Moreover, in order to prevent any disruption to the surroundings and structures along the pipeline route,
settlement control points and monitoring system will be installed.
5.
MICROTUNNELLING EQUIPMENT
On the basis of the project data reported as in Table 2, an upsized Herrenknecht AVN1800TB tunnel boring
machine with an airlock compression/decompression chamber was selected as the best unit for the
microtunnelling works. In this project ICOP had implemented new equipment and technology into planning a
complete system incorporating the systems as follows: AVN-T Slurry Pressurized Method
SLS-LT Guidance System
Automatic Tunnel Lubrication System
Automatic Data Logging and Control System
Real time monitoring Intermediate Jacking System
Special designed launch seal system with Emergency sealing unit and Pipe Brake Unit
Automatic Chiller unit for tunnel cooling and ventilation system
Automatic Gas monitoring system with Emergency lighting and telephone communication system
Real time CCTV surveillance system with IP Cameras
Pipe Joints monitoring system and Hydraulic pressure transfer ring at each pipe joints
Table 2. Main technical data.
MICROTUNNELLING PROJECT DATA

Total length
Maximum depth below ground surface
Internal diameter of reinforced concrete segments
Outer diameter of reinforced concrete segments
Length of reinforced concrete segments (Curve / Straight section)
Pipe Material
Pipeline profile
Sets of Curvature (S-Curves)
Pipeline Gradient
6.
955 m
14.0 m
1.8 m
2.2 m
1.5 m / 3.0 m
GRP Encased RCJP
Multiple Curvature
3 (R=500, 600 & 1000)
- 0.1 %
TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM) AND CUTTING WHEEL DESIGN
ICOPs machine are designed and manufactured by Herrenknecht GmbH, that complies with the latest safety
standards. Tunnelling machine: Closed shield, full face drilling head - Procedural Principles for Microtunnelling
Machines. Controlled soil excavation and controlled extraction of the soil is necessary in order to prevent soil
settlement on the surface.
Figure 4. The Herrenknecht AVN18000TB Slurry Tunnel Boring Machine with Extension Kit OD2220

danny.cheng@icop.it
Two different types of face support can be implemented with the flushing circuit procedure. In this case, the
face is supported by a combination of mechanical and flushing water support. The pressure of the flushing water
can be regulated and should be 0.1 to 0.3 bar greater than the predominant groundwater pressure. The
mechanical face support is provided via the arms of the cutting wheel.
Slurry Circuit for Consistent Removal of Excavated Material (Hydraulic Transportation); the excavated material
is handled by a hydraulic transportation system. For this, either water or a bentonite suspension is used as the
transportation medium. The transportation medium is pumped to the tunnel face from the start shaft by one feed
pump using the MTBM's feed line. It stabilizes and supports the MTBM face and is mixed with the excavated
material.
The cutting wheel will be specially designed for the AVN1800TB in mixed ground such as: mixture of soft
ground, gravel or coarse gravel, weathered/soft rock and to overcome unforeseen underground obstacles. The
Cutting Wheel will be equipped with soft ground cutting tools and disc cutters. All the disc cutters are back
loading types that are able to be changed due to wear and tear and damages upon encountering obstacles.
The cutting wheel designed by ICOP is able to overcome materials of up to Maximum Unconfined Compressive
Strength (UCS ) of 60 MPa. In the case that the obstruction needs to be identified prior removal or the
examination of the cutting tools condition in front of the cutting wheel, the use of the Video Endoscope System
XL PRO provides a video probe with visualization of the status in the cutting chamber and ground in front of
the machine without the needs of man entry. An inspection may be carried out in along the course of the drive in
order to rectify the necessity to change the disc cutters.
Figure 5. The Mix Ground Cutting Wheel Design with OD2225
Figure 6. Photo and VDO clips from the inspection of a previous similar project by ICOP

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7.
AUTOMATIC INTERMEDIATE JACKING STATION (IJS)
Due to the skin friction between the external surface of the pipe and the soil, the frictional forces increase as the
length of the tunnel increases. Once the jacking force registered on the Main Jacking Station reaches 80% of the
allowable force applicable on the GRP Reinforced Concrete jacking pipes, the additional jacking stations
preinstalled along the tunnel will be activated. The usage of the Intermediate Jacking Station is not only subject
to the increment of the tunnel length but accounting of any standstill that leads to the necessity of greater initial
force to restart the microtunnelling process. The first station will be allocated approximately 30m rear of the
MTBM. For this reason, as a preventative measure, intermediate jacking stations are provided at intervals at
each 100 meter distance and 9 stations will be installed.
In this project, ICOP implemented the automatic control program (ACIS) from VMT GmBH to create a visual
and real-time monitoring of the pressure loading on the intermediate jacking station and the covering pipe
section and to operate the station advancement with controller parameters and according to the setting of the
operators.
Figure 7. Typical Schema of the Automatic Intermediate Jacking System
8.
SLS-LT GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR LONG DISTANCE MICROTUNNELLING

WORKS
In this project, ICOP will be incorporating the special guidance system SLS-LT (Steuerleitsystem-Rohrvortrieb
- control guidance system pipe jacking) from company VMT GmbH for the long and curvature DN1800 drive.
The major difficulty during pipe jacking is that the entire tunnel is constantly in motion and it is, therefore, not
possible to mark stationary points in sections of the pipe conduit which have already been advanced in order to
refer to them at a later point in time.
As a result, classical measurement would have to begin for every measurement at "zero" in the launch pit. As
the length of the tunnel grows the amount of effort increases, especially as classical measurement can only be
carried out when the microtunnelling is not in process. Therefore, it is only possible to ascertain whether the
machine has drifted away from the desired axis after a period of time has passed and counteractive measures can
only be introduced with a correspondingly delay. With this system it is possible to measure the position of the
machine at any point in time, even when microtunnelling is being carried out. An active laser target (ELS) is
rigidly mounted in the tunnelling machine (see figure 8) as a position reference system.

danny.cheng@icop.it
Figure 8. Illustration of the AVN Guidance System with VMT SLS-LT System
9.
AUTOMATIC TUNNEL LUBRICATION SYSTEM (ALS)
A significant factor for the strength of the microtunnelling force is the sheath friction of the pipes and the
machine. The thrusting force required to compensate for the friction is, however, limited by the maximum
permissible axial force load of the jacking pipes. The frictional force is dependent on the soil to be excavated,
the level of the groundwater, and the quality of the machine steering and the consistent lubrication of the pipe
conduit. The quality of the microtunnelling pipes is also of great importance.
The cutting diameter of the cutting head is approx. 20mm
larger than the steel construction of the machine. The
product pipes, on the other hand, usually have a smaller
diameter. This prevents the ground from pressing directly
onto the machine and the pipes. In the project, the ground
condition was not stable. To achieve this, a supporting
liquid is injected into the overcut. It also has a lubricating
function which greatly reduces sheath friction. Bentonite
and other additives was used as a lubricant and supporting
agent. The injection pressure causes the supporting fluid to
penetrate to a certain depth in the ground and forms a
lubricating film around the pipe. The speed of the flow and
the penetration depth of the suspension in the ground
depend on the cross section of the pores of the soil and the
flow characteristics of the lubricant.
Figure 9. Methodology and Effect of Proper Lubrication System
The bentonite nozzles were distributed as evenly as possible over the circumference of the pipe. The number of
nozzles depends on the capability of the ground for allowing the suspension to spread out. For ground with
which is less permeable the intervals selected should be more frequent than for ground with greater
permeability. The injection starts behind the machine pipe and allocated every 9-12 m with subsequent
injections. The best results were achieving a skin friction of less than 50kg/m2 between the soil and pipe
surface.

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1.Product pipe
4.Bentonite station
7.Compressed
air supply line
10.Connecting
line between
Bentonite station
and nozzles
2.Bentonite unit 5.Bentonite supply 8.Control stand
11.Bentonite
line
nozzles
3.Control
6.Electrical cable
9.Shaft
container
control stand
machine
Figure 10. Typical Schema for the Automatic Lubrication System
10.
AUTOMATIC DATA LOGGING AND CONTROL SYSTEM
The TBM incorporates the real time monitoring and data acquisition system. The systems enable continuous
data monitoring and logging of the TBM performance on an automatic electronic recording system. With such
system, the operators in the control cabin will monitor the advancement of the TBM under consideration of all
equipment parameters, internal and external pressure, guidance of the machine etc. While observing the
parameters, the operator will have continuous control of all electrical and hydraulic equipment such as pumps,
cables, pipes, hoses, nozzles and etc.
Figure 11. Automatic Data Logging and Control System
11.
VENTILATION AND GAS MONITORING SYSTEM
Forced air blower system will be utilized for the air supply and ventilation system for the microtunnelling
works. As per the construction methodology and type of TBM supplied for this project, the operations are done
via remote control from the drive cabin on the ground. No personnel or operators are required to be permanently
in the tunnel to commence any operation and tunnel advancement works. If man entry operation is borne to be
necessary at any point of the tunnel or TBM, the minimum requirement for the tunnel ventilation will comply to
BS 6164:2001 at 0.3m/min/person with minimum air velocity of 0.3m/s. A tunnel blower connected with a
complete either rigid or flexible duct will be supplying air into the tunnel. During the summer months or where
applicable only, a heat processing system is installed on site to provide cool air into the shaft and tunnel.

danny.cheng@icop.it
Figure 12. Tunnel and TBM Ventilation and cooling system

The TBM is equipped with an automatic gas measuring system to detect explosive gas (CH4). The evaluation
occurs by the SPS control and is indicated in the visualisation program at the control stand. The alarm device
produces both Visual and Audible Signal to aware and warns the TBM operator on site during microtunnelling
activities. With exceeding of a limit value, warning signals sound.
12.
LAUNCHING SEAL WITH EMERGENCY SEAL SYSTEM AND PIPE BRAKE
In reasons of the existing high water table and risk of damaged sealing system at the launching seal unit, ICOP
had designed a special system that includes an inflatable emergency seal system. The emergency seal system
works at the range of maximum 2 bar and could be set functional to stop any water ingress through the break-in
zone, allowing the replacement of any damaged launching seal. Whereas considering the hydrostatic pressure
applicable to the face of the TBM, a hydraulic pipe brake unit working like a pipe clamp will be installed in the
launching shaft to enable the last pipe in the ground to be clamped preventing it to retract or move during the
pipe change sequence.
Figure 13. Pipe Brake and Launching Seal Unit with Emergency Seal System
13. GRP ENCASED REINFORCED JACKING PIPES

The pipes are considered an important factor to the works and prior controls and manufacturing including
supply efficiencies shall be consider. A proper design base on the latest manufacturing state of art and
applicable norms/standard required by the project technical specification is mandatory to ensure a fail proof
installation and also against any uplifting scenarios. In relation to the standard technical requirement, the pipes

danny.cheng@icop.it
are also to be design and manufactured contemporary to fit and suit the proposed Microtunnelling operation;
additional requirement subject but not limited to the followings: Pipe Joints design
Steel Reinforcement at the pipe ends
Sealing material and installation method
Pipe End Squareness
IJS Construction and connection tolerances
Eccentricity of the GRP Lining and Concrete Pipes
Figure 14. Detailed design of pipe connections, length, concrete properties, GRP thickness, sealing system, collars,
pressure transfer rings and etc.
14.
HYDRAULIC JOINT PRESSURE TRANSFER RING AND JOINT MONITORING

SYSTEM
EPC Contractor had subcontracted, Jackcontrol to provide the for real time monitoring of the jacking process
based on the Hydraulic joint used as pressure transmission ring. The Hydraulic joint on one hand leads even
under big deflection angels to equal distributions of the axial pressures on the pipes faces, on the other hand its
completely reversal mechanical behavior is a reliable base for the calculation of the resulting jacking force and
its position in the pipes cross section. In comparison to pressure transmission rings made of wooden materials
the Hydraulic joint decreases the risk of pipe damage under jacking loads by dimensions. In the same time much
smaller radii of curvature in the alignment become possible. Thanks to the real time monitoring of the pipes
given jacking capacities can be used in full range under complete control.

danny.cheng@icop.it
Figure 15. Pipe Joint and pressure transferring system including Hydraulic Joints as pressure transfer ring at
each pipe joints.
15.
CONCLUSIONS
Advantages of trenchless installation techniques Microtunnelling

With the extend of high sophisticated and technologies, longer and more challenging curvature pipeline could
be installed under variable and critical ground conditions.
Minimal impact on the environment due to:
minimal surface disruption, no deterioration of existing ground water level, lower emissions.
minimal impact on the existing infrastructure, therefore; applicability in high density urban areas,
no disturbance of tourism, impact on existing underground utilities.
Cost saving and time impact
saving on additional requirement for intermediate shafts
saving on mobilization and demobilization from intermediate shafts
permits, detours, loss of business opportunity and etc.
Construction Standards
less risk of settlements, higher seismic safety
achievable construction tolerances
value engineering and higher production rates
much controlled and systematical work sequence
Health, Safety and Environmental
Minimized traffic congestions , road accidents and needs of detour or sophisticated traffic management
Minimized truck and muck disposal
Lower emissions
Low vibration and noise impact
Minimal efforts for the reinstatement of site after finishing the installation.
The long multiple curvature DN1800 drive is set out to be executed starting from the beginning of May 2013
and scheduled to complete within 82 working days. Upon completion of the drive, I.CO.P shall claims the major
milestone records on the project by executing the and longest DN1800 Multiple Long Curvature Drive (942m
with 3 sets of S-curves). This record is not only valid in the Kingdom of Bahrain but throughout the Middle East

danny.cheng@icop.it
Region. The success of this project had contributed to the award of most spoken project for the Year 2013 Best
Tunnelling Award by NCE in London, UK.
ICOPs experience in collaborating the Herrenknecht microtunnelling techniques, VMT guidance system and
Jack Control system allows constructions for long multi curvature gravity sewer pipeline in nearly every
geological and topographic condition.
Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East
IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on Trenchless & Tunnel

Technology Current Development and Applications
Contents
Project Overview
Deep Gravity Sewer (DGS)
Challenges
The Big Snake
Before and After
Technical Design & Consideration
The implementation and Execution
Benefits and Savings (Statistical Results)
Milestone Record
Questions & Answers (Q&A)
Longest Multi Curvature Sewer Tunnel

in the Middle East
ProjectOverview
IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on Trenchless & Tunnel Technology

(Supported by JKR Sabah and SgSTT)
Ing. Cheng Chin Keong, Danny
B.Eng (E&E) UK, Member ISTT,ASTT
Regional Manager (GCC)
Managing Director
I.CO.P. S.P.A. (Italy)
ICOP Construction (M) Sdn. Bhd. (Malaysia)
ICOP Construction (SG) Pte. Ltd. (Singapore)
Project Location
Purpose of the Project
Scope of the Project
Project Delivery Organization
4
Scope of the Project

Element
Project Location
Country : Kingdom Of Bahrain
Size
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
100,000 m3/day
STP - future expansion
60,000 m3/day
City : Muharraq, Arad & HIDD
66 tons/day
2 streams
Sludge Incineration Plant (SIP)

Sewer Conveyance System
Deep Gravity Sewer (DGS)
20.0km
15.9km
4.1km
Wastewater Collection Network (WWCN)

Intermediate Lift Station (ILS)
5
Project Delivery
Organization
Purpose of the Project

To provide additional capacity to meet the needs of existing and future development in
Muharraq Governorate in line with the Kingdoms strategic plan and 2030 Vision
Muharraq STP Company (MSC)

Samsung/Invest AD/United Utilities
To replace two major sewage pumping stations and 22 minor ones across Muharraq (10 in the
Hidd area), mostly in residential areas, by one architecturally attractive Intermediate Lift Station
Reduced risk of odour, traffic disruption during maintenance, sewers backing up and
EPC Contractor
Samsung Engineering Co. Ltd. (SECL)
associated sewage flooding

Reduced energy use
To treat the flow to a very high standard in a robust new treatment plant, reducing the demand
on Tubli STP and improving the environment in Tubli Bay
MicroTunneling Contractors
Implenia / ICOP / Dongah
To produce Treated Sewage Effluent (TSE) suitable for re-use in industrial applications,
irrigation or landscaping in Muharraq
Design Consultant
Hyder
6
WWCN Contractor
Al Hassanain
Shaft Contractor
GPZ
STP Contractors
GPZ/PCC
8
Schematic of the Deep Gravity Sewer Pipeline
DeepGravitySewer(DGS)
Fact & Figures
Schematics of the DGS Pipeline
Route of the DGS Pipeline
11
Fact & Figures

The scope of the DGS consists of:
Form a new Sewer Trunk Main that convey the influent from Muharraq Area to the
STP
Interfaces with 24 sections of existing Sewer Networks through the WWCN
connection
Future connection to 8 additional interfaces of new wastewater networks to be made
Maximum capacity of 3,519L/s or 12,667m/h under an hourly peaking factor of 1.90
Geological conditions varies from sand, siltstone and mudstone.
The total length of the DGS that will be constructed entirely by microtunnelling method is
15.9km that consist of the followings: DN1000 , L = 1.8km
DN1400, L = 5.2km
DN1800, L = 8.9km
The total nos. of shafts/manhole that shall be construction is 46 nos. using Secant Piling
method with depth from 8.0m to 16.0m.
10
Route of the DGS Pipeline

Pumping Station (24nos)
DGS start
DGS : 15.9Km
(Concrete encased GRP Pipe
1000mm 1.8km, 1400mm 5.2km,
1800mm 8.9km)
WWCN : 4.1Km
Intermediate Lift Station
STP
Sea
Outfall
12
Shafts Location
Challenges
Geological Conditions
Variable (from sand, silty sand, clay, silty clay,
mudstone, sandstone to layered of Anisotropic

sequence of rock and reclaimed materials)
13
15
OverallChallenges
Challenges
Hydrogeology Conditions
High Ground Water Table with Influents of Sea
Tidal
14
16
Challenges
Challenges
Ecological and Environmental Conditions
Others
Existing Buildings & Houses

UNESCO Heritage Area
Underground Utilities
Historical Buildings
17
Challenges
Existing Underground and above ground utilities

Risk of settlements, disruptions of services, permits, relocation timeline and etc.
Working Duration
Summer bans, Ramadan working hours and etc.
Logistics, Supplies and Material Procurement
limited resources, spare parts, consumable and etc.
Public Acceptance
New construction methodology and first time existed / executed in
mass in Bahrain.
Working Schedule
Tight working program to complete the works within 12 months
including mobilization.
Construction Tolerances
Gravity pipeline requires the installation to be within the
allowable vertical tolerance of +/-25mm and
horizontal +/-50mm
19
TheBigSnake
Climatic Conditions
Strong Winds
Sand & Dust Storms
Periodical heavy downpours
Summer Ambient Temperature up to 55C
Location
Fact & Figures
18
20
BeforeandAfter
Whereisitlocated?
Location of The Big Snake
Geographic Location (Arad, Bahrain)
Shaft 21 (E462809.119, N2903858.551)
Shaft 22 (E463720.430, N2904137.105)
C-C length (m) = 963.744m
F-F length (m) = 955.101m
Pipe ID (mm) = 1800mm
Pipe OD (mm) = 2200mm
Total Weight (ton) = 3056.32tons
Commencement Date = 17/5/2013
Completion Date = 17/7/2013
Duration to Tame the Snake = 60days
Tamed by = Amanda AVN1800TB
21
WhybigSnake?
Tender Phase
Pre-Construction Phase (Detailed Engineering)
23
TechnicalData Pre& PostEngineeringStage(FortAradSect.)

During Tender Phase
Pipe size (DN1400)
Total no. of Shaft at this
section = 5 sets
Distance between
Shafts = Av. 280m
MICROTUNNELLING PROJECT DATA

Total length
Maximum depth below ground surface
Internal diameter of reinforced concrete segments
955.10 m
14.0 m
1.8 m
Outer diameter of reinforced concrete segments
2.2 m
Length of reinforced concrete segments (Curve / Straight section)
1.5 m / 3.0 m
Pipe Material
GRP Encased RCJP
Pipeline profile
Sets of Curvature (S-Curves)
Multiple Curvature
3 (R=500, 600 & 1000)
Drive Criteria = Straight

Only
22
24
TechnicalData Pre& PostEngineeringStage(FortAradSect.)
TechnicalData Pre&PostEngineeringStage(FortAradSect.)
The Results
Stage
Preconstruction Phase (After

Detailed Engineering)
Pipe size (DN1800)
Post/Tender
Pre/Construction
Pipe DN
1400
1800
Total no.
of Shaft
5
2
No. of Start
Shaft
3
1
No. of Arrival
Shaft
2
1
Distance
between Shafts
Av. 280m
942m
Drive
Criteria
Straight
S-Curves
Total no. of Shaft at this

section = 2 sets
Distance between Shaft
= 963.74m
Drive Criteria = SCurves ( 3 Sets)
25
TechnicalData Pre&PostEngineeringStage(FortAradSect.)
Design & Engineering
Hydrogeological
&
Soil Properties
Muck Disposal
27
TechnicalDesignandConsiderationsforTheBigSnake
Shaft Requirement
(Dimension &
horizontal loading)
Product pipe
(Allowable
Jacking Force, sealing)
Properties for tunnel

lubrication
Work Area & Shaft

Dimensions
IJS Design
Tunnel Alignment,
Curvature Design
& Settlement
Entrance &
Exit Eye
Type of TBM &
Cutting Wheel
26
Work Area & Site Allocation Plan

Shaft Construction
Tunnel Installation Method
QHSSE Compliances
Monitoring & Controls
Mitigation & Contingency Plans
28
WorkArea&SiteAllocationPlan
WaterTightShaftConstruction SecantPiling
Shaft #21
(Starting Shaft)
Width = 18.00m
Length = 80.00m
Area = 1440.00m
Methodology
Advantages of Using Secant Pile Walls
Purposes, Typical Design & Dimensions of the Shafts
29
31
WorkArea&SiteAllocationPlan
SecantPilingMethodforShaftsConstruction
Shaft #22
(Receiving Shaft)
Width = 14.00m
Length = 30.00m
Area = 420.00m
30
Methodology
A series of piles that are constructed in a configuration such that they intersect one
another.
They are constructed at centre-to-centre distances that are smaller than the sum of the
radii of the two adjacent piles. In this configuration adjacent piles intersect and therefore
interlock.
32
GroundTreatmentforBreakIn/BreakOutZone
Advantages of Using Secant Pile Walls
Purpose, Typical Design & Dimensions

Prevent TBM Sinking During Break-Out / Break-In Stage (Stabilization)
Minimize leakage and risk of ground and water engulfment from tunnel eye
Keep tunnel within tolerance at the critical zone
Effective in all soils

Reduces significant deformation of soils, reduce
settlements and adverse effects on nearby
structure and services
Very low levels of Vibration
Mechanical supported able to drill through
obstruction with minimum risk of damage or
disturbance
Piles are load-bearing structures and can be
integrated to form part of the main structure
33
35
GroundTreatmentforBreakIn/BreakOutZone
Purpose, Typical Design & Dimensions of the Shaft
Consolidation by Secant Piles

Soil Stabilization shall be done immediately upon complete of shaft construction
Concrete properties for the soil stabilization shall be Grade C20 (fck =2mPa)
Casing for the soil stabilization piles to be progressively removed as the piles are filled so
as to avoid any collapse within the void formed by the casing
After installing the soil stabilization piles, hollow space shall be backfilled
Soil Stabilization shall form a proper ground consolidation block else further improvement
shall be required
The required dimensions for the soil stabilization may increase subject to the actual
ground conditions, ground movement or settlement during excavation or piling works and
other unforeseen situation during shaft construction works.
Jacking or receiving shaft of the microtunnelling activities and upon

completion as permanent manholes.
34
36
TunnelInstallationMethod
What is Microtunnelling?
Selection of Installation Methodology

What is Microtunnelling?
The Site Setup
How it works?
Techniques to be Applied
Equipment Design & Criteria
Pipe Design & Allocation Plan
Engineering Calculations
Trenchless Construction Techniques

Roads don't need to be dug up or cordoned off and
traffic congestion is minimized

Earth shifting or construction site traffic (trucks) kept
to a minimum
Minimum inconvenience to inhabitants from dirt and
noise
No danger to historic buildings
Existing underground utilities and buildings not
subject to subsidence
Groundwater lowering required only at certain spots
resulting in minimum environmental impact

37
39
Selection of Installation Methodology
The Site Setup
Drilling between 8.0m to 16.0m below ground level
[1]LiftingMachinery
and Hydrostatic between 0.7 to 1.5 bar

Actual Geological & Soil Properties
A system that does not alter the delicate
lithostratigraphic and hydrogeological balance.
To prevent any disruption to the inhabitant,
buildings, utilities and environment .
Settlement Proof & Non-Disrupted Method (NDM)
Product Pipe Design, Material and Installation
methodology
Effective, engineering sound and could fit in the
construction period
Working environment & Climate
[2]Pipes
2
3
[3]ControlContainer
[4]MainJackingStation
[5]LaunchingSealRing
[6]TunnelBoringMachine
[7]SeparationPlant
4
6
38
40
How it Works?
Tunnel Boring Machine (Slurry Pressurized TBM)

Herrenknecht AVN1800TB Amanda
Torque (424Nm 554Nm)
Cutting Wheel Rev. (0-5.1 / 0-11.7rev/min)
Steering Power per Cylinder at 450bar (1145kN Push/636kN Pull)
Main Motor Power Capacity (315kW)
Feed Line (DN150) / Slurry Line (DN150)
TBM OD 2235mm , TBM Length 13.91m
TBM weight 46000kg
41
43
Techniques to Be Applied
Totally sealed jacking shafts and receiving shafts
with Secant Pilling Method

Automatic Guidance System for Curvature Drives
Pipe Monitoring System
Pipe Transfer Ring with Hydraulic Joint System
Pipe Brake and Emergency seal system
Automatic and Redundant Spoil Separation Plant
Heat Processing System
CCTV Monitoring and Communication System
Maintain Hydrostatic Pressure at the TBM
Bulkhead
Automatic Lubrication System to continuously
monitor, control and lubricate the pipe wall
42
Cutting Wheel Design

Mixed Ground with Cutting Tools (Max 80 MPa) w/ HF Plates
Raumers with TCI ( 4 pairs 8 nos.)
Center Cutter MonoBloc Disc 305mm ( 4 nos.)
Gauge Cutter Double Discs 305mm ( 2 nos.)
Face Cutter - Double Discs 305mm ( 4 nos.)
Scraper Bits with TCI 100mm ( 10 nos.)
44

Automatic Spoil Handling System
(Up to 5 m Decanter Stage)
Overcuts and TBM Joint Engineering
Mud Handling , MVF up to 80+sec

SC < 3%
45
47
Control & Operation

Automatic Data Logging and Control System
46
Automatic Lubrication System (Installed every 12-15m)

2 sets of Injection Pump for 2 lines (TBM & Tunnel)
1 set of automatic mixing unit & 1 unit of venturi mixer
Programmable Sequence (Time / Volume)
48
Lubrication & Face Support Fluid Mix Design
Lubrication Slurry (Target MFV:120+sec / Qtr), Formulation per 1m3 of mixture

Mix up water : EC0.8-1ms/cm
Mix up water : PH >9.5
Soda Ash : Solvay-L = 1kg
Bentonite : Bentonil = CF 65 - 70 kg
Polymer : SC VIS GSTP = 1.5 2 kg
VMT SLS-LT System

3 Phases of Installation
Applied Phase 2 & 3
Front Face Stabilization Slurry (Target MFV:50+sec / Qtr), Formulation per 1m3 of mixture
Mix up water : EC0.8-1ms/cm
Mix up water : PH >9.5
Soda Ash : Solvay-L = 1kg
Bentonite : Bentonil - CF = 50 kg
Polymer : SC VIS GSTP = 0.75 kg
49
51
Guidance System
GEO LASER VL-80 with ELS Target (Straight Section)
VMT SLS-LT System (After 250m Start of Curve Section)
Integrated Intermediate Jacking System (Installed every 80-120m)

15 nos. of 700mm stroke Cylinder (Max Capacity 1200tons)
50
52
Microtunnelling forTrenchlessPipelineInstallation
Specification
Pipes Design & Criteria
Type : GRP Encased RCJP

Pipe ID/OD (1800mm / 2200mm)
sealing system, collars, allowable jacking force, reinforcement
Unit Weight (3.2tons/m)
and etc.
Concrete Strength : 65MPa
Standards : BS-5911 & EN1916 & ATV 161
GRP Stiffness : 10,000N/m (Thk 28.6mm)
Joints Design : Internal GRP Collar (22.2mm) /
External MS Steel Collar (12mm)
Pressure Transfer Ring : JackControl HJ Joints
Allowable Jacking Force : 850tons
Emergency Seal System (2 bar)

Pipe Brake (Holding Pressure up to 100tons)
Pipes (Joints, Dimension, Concrete Properties, GRP thickness,
53
55
Pipes Allocation Plan
Tunnel Heat Process System (Tunnel Ambient Temperature maintained below 27C during Summer)
Tunnel Ventilation (Force Flow at 3m/min BS6164)
54
56
Pipe Monitoring System & Hydraulic Joints for Curvature Drives
Effects of B Forces in Different Material Pressure Transfer Ring
Wooden Packer - Result, high eccentricity

and high lateral bedding forces B.
57
59
Hydraulic Joints - Result, Eccentricity much smaller,

lateral bedding forces much smaller
Why Hydraulic Joints as Pressure Transfer Rings instead of Wooden Packer Board ? Stress Strain Diagram
How the Hydraulic Joints Works
With increasing load, the deformation gets bigger. If the load

relieve, there rest a plastic deformation. When we load again we h
ave first an elastic part and afterwards again a plastic part. The wo
od does not return to its original shape. This causes a reduction
of allowable jacking forces, because the area provided for load
transmission is decreasing. With the Hydraulic joint you have
always the full contact area, regardless the joint angle.
Case I : the Joint deformation is uniform and the thrust or resultin
g jacking force is coincident with the pipe axis.
Case II : The resulting jacking force moves off from the pipe axis,
there is an eccentricity of the thrust to the pipe axis, but the
trust is still in line on both faces of the pipe.
Case III: The resulting jacking force moves off from the pipe
axis, but in a opposite direction as shown in the picture.
The pipe has to fullfil equilibrium to the moment of forces and the
only way the pipe can do so is to push itself against the surroundi
ng soil, the so, called lateral bedding forces B are the result .
By applying wooden pressure transmission rings these B forces
can reach a similar size as the jacking forces itself (and of course,
a cylinder shell is not designed to bear such big lateral forces,
damage of the pipes can then result.)
58
60
Engineering Design and Calculations
Theoretical Horizontal Jacking Force Calculation
Theoretical Ground Settlement Calculation (checking with existing building within zone of influent)
61
63
QHSSECompliances
HSSE Equipment Design & Criteria
Theoretical Ground Settlement Calculation
62
64
Monitoring&Controls
QHSSECompliances
CCTV Surveillance (Online IP Camera with Live View through the internet)
Communication System
DC Power Tunnel Lighting with Emergency Lighting (Battery Recharged)
65
67
QHSSECompliances
Instrumentation & Monitoring (Settlement & On Ground Movement )
ELSA & SCABA units

Tunnel Portable Stretchers
Gas Detectors & Automatic System in TBM
PPE & Trainings (Civil Defense, HRD)
Monitoring&Controls
Surface Settlement Points

Inclinometer
Piezometer
Building Settlement Points
Tiltmeter
Miniprism
Survey & Control Measurement (Tunnel Installation)

Network Survey
Periodical Tunnel Survey (Every 50-m)
Jacking Force (Tunnel Installation)

JC pipe monitoring system (Installed at each IJS station) Real time pressure between IJS
Pipe deflections and allowable jacking forces
Lubrication & Slurry (Tunnel Installation)
66
Marsh Viscosity
Sand Content
Density
Filtration
Reology & Kugelharfe
68
Mitigation&ContingencyPlans
Endoscope Cutting Wheel Inspection
Work Under Compress Air
Work Under Compress Air (Hyperbaric)

TBM equipped with Airlock Can
For Face intervention Tools change,
removal of obstructions and etc.
69
Cutting Wheel Tools Inspection by Endoscope
71
ImplementationandExecutionTamingTheBigSnake
Cost Effective & Time Saving

Not require any face intervention
Recorded and precise information
HSE compliances
Water-Tight Shaft Construction Secant Piling

Trenchless Technology - Microtunnelling
70
72
Installation of Guidewall
TBMLaunchingCeremony 17th May2013(Day1)
Fig.2
Secant Piling Works
Fig.3
Fig.1
Excavation Works
Launching Ceremony at Shaft #21

Fig.1 Opening Speech by Mr. Khalifa Mansoor (Undersecretary, Ministry of
Works, Bahrain
Manhole Construction
Completion of Pipe Jacking
73
Fig.2 Press to Launch the TBM Amanda

Fig.3 Official counter to set the record time of the Big Snake
Microtunnelling ConstructionSequence
75
Tunnelling WorksinProgress (6Days/Week 11.5shifts)
Fig.4
Survey Works
Setting Up Works
Fig.1
TBM Launching
TBM recovery
Micro-tunnelling in Progress
Fig.2
Tunnelling Works in Progress
74
Fig.1 Site View of Gantry Crane & Mixing Unit

Fig.2 HSSE Process on Site Tag In/Tag Out
Fig.3 View of Installed Tunnel
Fig.4 View from top of shaft Tunnelling Advancement
Fig.5 Separation plant in action
Fig.3
Fig.3
Fig.5
76
StatisticalResults
TBMBreakthrough 17th July2013(CalendarDay61/WorkDay48)
Progress Data
Plan Duration (82 WD)
Actual Duration (48 WD)
Av. Daily Production (15.918m/day)
Highest Production (34m)
Average Advancement Rate(65mm/min)
Highest Advancement Rate (150mm/min)
Downtime Duration (0 WD)
QHSSE Non-Conformance (0)
Fig.2
Fig.1
TBM Breakthrough at receiving shaft #22
Fig.1 TBM Cutting through exit softeye

Fig.2 TBM Successfully Breakthrough and official completion of the milestone
drive Big Snake Longest Multi Curvature Sewer Tunnel in the Middle East
77
79
StatisticalResults
Benefits&Savings(StatisticalResults)
78
80
StatisticalResults
Benefits&Savings
Table of Comparisons
Type
WorkingArea(m)
GroundExcavation(Shaft,m)
ConcreteSupply(SecantPiles&Base,m)
TruckMovement(trip)
CarbonEmissionsCO(tons)
Constructiontime(hours)
Before
5,710.00
6,676.51
3,044.59
1,665.00
39.56
450.00
After
1,860.00
2,448.49
1,154.02
625.00
14.85
175.00
Saving
3,850.00
4,228.02
1,890.57
1,040.00
24.71
275.00
%
67%
63%
62%
62%
62%
61%
Instrument & Monitoring

Zero Settlement
Slight reduce in Peizometer pressure during TBM recovery at Shaft #22
81
StatisticalResults
83
Benefits&Savings
Advantages of trenchless installation techniques - Microtunnelling

With the extend of high sophisticated and technologies, longer and more challenging curvature pipeline could be
installed under variable and critical ground conditions.
Minimal impact on the environment due to:
minimal surface disruption, no deterioration of existing ground water level, lower emissions.
minimal impact on the existing infrastructure, therefore; applicability in high density urban areas,
no disturbance of tourism, impact on existing underground utilities.
Cost saving and time impact
saving on additional requirement for intermediate shafts
saving on mobilization and demobilization from intermediate shafts
permits, detours, loss of business opportunity and etc.
Construction Standards
less risk of settlements, higher seismic safety
achievable construction tolerances
value engineering and higher production rates
much controlled and systematical work sequence
Jacking Force, Joint Angle & Pipe excentricity

Max Jacking Force till end of Drive = 620tons
Pipe eccentricity = 0-20mm
Max Joint Angle Deflect = 0.5
82
Health, Safety and Environmental

Minimized traffic congestions , road accidents and needs of detour or sophisticated traffic management
Minimized truck and muck disposal
Lower emissions
Low vibration and noise impact
Minimal efforts for the reinstatement of site after finishing the installation.
84
TheMilestonerecord
The long multi curvature DN1800 drive is set out to be executed starting
from the beginning of May 2013 and scheduled to complete within 82 working
days. The drive was completed within 48 working days setting the major
milestone records on the project by executing the longest DN1800 Multi Curvature
Drive (955m with 3 sets of S-curves) and 34 working days ahead of schedule. This
record is not only valid in the Kingdom of Bahrain but throughout the
Middle East Region. The Works was also been shortlisted for the
NCE International Tunnelling Award 2013 and
been awarded as Most Commented Project .
85
Longest Multi Curvature Sewer Tunnel in

the Middle East
Ing. Cheng Chin Keong, B. Eng (E&E)

I.CO.P. S.P.A.
+39.3471.574.982
ICOP Construction (M) Sdn. Bhd.
+6012.969.8043
danny.cheng@icop.it
86

1609-B08-Cheng Chin Keong-Multi Curvatire Sewer - Bahrain - All

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12/9/2016

14 Sep, 2016 Seminar

CV Mr Cheng Chin Keong

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

LONGEST MULTI CURVATURE

Ing. Cheng Chin Keong, Danny (B.Eng)

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

LONGEST MULTI CURVATURE SEWER TUNNEL IN THE MIDDLE EAST

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

Figure 1. Location of the project site, Muharraq, Kingdom of Bahrain

BEFORE AND AFTER

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

CHOICE FOR THE TRENCHLESS METHODOLOGY

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

MICROTUNNELLING PROJECT DATA

TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM) AND CUTTING WHEEL DESIGN

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

Figure 5. The Mix Ground Cutting Wheel Design with OD2225

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

AUTOMATIC INTERMEDIATE JACKING STATION (IJS)

Figure 7. Typical Schema of the Automatic Intermediate Jacking System

SLS-LT GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR LONG DISTANCE MICROTUNNELLING

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

AUTOMATIC TUNNEL LUBRICATION SYSTEM (ALS)

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

Figure 10. Typical Schema for the Automatic Lubrication System

AUTOMATIC DATA LOGGING AND CONTROL SYSTEM

Figure 11. Automatic Data Logging and Control System

VENTILATION AND GAS MONITORING SYSTEM

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

Figure 12. Tunnel and TBM Ventilation and cooling system

LAUNCHING SEAL WITH EMERGENCY SEAL SYSTEM AND PIPE BRAKE

13. GRP ENCASED REINFORCED JACKING PIPES

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

HYDRAULIC JOINT PRESSURE TRANSFER RING AND JOINT MONITORING

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

Advantages of trenchless installation techniques Microtunnelling

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on

Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on Trenchless & Tunnel

Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East

Longest Multi Curvature Sewer Tunnel

IEM / MSTTT One Day Seminar on Trenchless & Tunnel Technology

Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East

Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East

Scope of the Project

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

STP - future expansion

City : Muharraq, Arad & HIDD

Sludge Incineration Plant (SIP)

Wastewater Collection Network (WWCN)

Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East

Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East

Purpose of the Project

Muharraq STP Company (MSC)

associated sewage flooding

Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East

Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East

Schematic of the Deep Gravity Sewer Pipeline

Longest multi curvature sewer tunnel in the Middle East

Fact & Figures