Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1,2&3
Abstract: This Paper deals with the preparation and blending of waste sunflower oil using trans-esterification
process used as fuel to run an engine from the surveying many literatures as reference we have choose the
combination of bio-diesel and diesel. And also we have done performance testing and emission test for this
combination. The B20 is a better performed fuel in both the cases also if possible we have replaced the diesel with
this vegetable oil as a fuel in our daily practices. We also observe that NO X gas emission 10% reduced while we
compare with regular diesel, the level of O 2 emission will reduced up to 20% similarly smoke opacity got decreased
around 8%. Without modifying the engine we got these results if possible we can replace this and it will help to
control the air pollution and also avoid the carbon content in the atmosphere.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Waste sunflower oil, Trans-esterification, Low emission.
investigations, it is found that converting natural oils into
I. INTRODUCTION
simple esters is an effective way to conclude all the
Many energy contain chemical energy or fuels are being problems respect with the natural vegetable oils. Most of the
investigated as potential substitutes for the current conventional production methods for biodiesel use basic or
suspended particles in diesel fuel in diesel engines. acidic catalysis. A reaction operating time of less than 1 hour
Vegetable oils may provide alternative source and their and reaction temperature of 55-65 C are required for
potential has been calculated in the past years by several completion of reaction and configuration of respective
researchers. Many of the scientists have indicated that use of esters. [2, 3, 4]
natural vegetable oil as alternative fuel is somewhat B. Transesterification
sufficient for diesel engine. Vegetable oil cannot be safety
Transesterification of natural glycerides with methanol to
used in an indirect-injection, naturally aspirated and cooled
engine by action of open air for long life time. This problem methyl-esters is a technically important reaction that has
is related due to its high viscosity of the vegetable oil, which been used extensively in the soap and detergent
manufacturing industry worldwide for many years. Almost
causes atomization and imperfect combustion.
Since India is net importer of vegetable oils, edible oils all biodiesel is produced in a similar chemical process using
cannot be used for production of biodiesel. India leading the base catalyzed transesterification as it is the most
number one producer of biodiesel, as biodiesel can be economical process, requiring only low temperatures and
harvested and sourced from avoidable food oils like Jatropha pressures while producing a 98% conversion yield. The
Curcus, Pongamia Pinnata, Neem, Mahua, castor, linseed, transesterification process is the reaction of a triglyceride
etc. Implementation of biodiesel in India which leads to (fat/oil) with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol. A
major advantages such like green cover on wasteland, triglyceride has a glycerine molecule as its base with three
support to agriculture and rural economy and generation is long chain fatty acids attached. The characteristics of the fat
failed to be dependence on imported crude oil and reduction are determined by the nature of the fatty acids attached to the
glycerine. The nature of the fatty acids can, in turn, affect
in air pollution. [1]
the characteristics of the biodiesel.
A. Bio-diesel
Blending,
cracking/pyrolysis,
emulsification
or
transesterification of natural vegetable oils may takeover
these problems. Heat generating and blending of vegetable
oils may decrease the viscosity and improve volatility of
vegetable oils but its molecular shapes and structural things
remain unchanged. Hence, polyunsaturated character
remains same. Blending of vegetable oils with diesel, C. Waste sunflower oil and its properties
however, reduces the viscosity drastically and the fuel
handling system of the engine will operate vegetable oilSunflower oil was purchased from a restaurant. The oil
diesel blends without any problems. On the basis of actual was converted to biodiesel by the following five steps.
1. Pre-treatment
2. Trans-Esterification
3. Glycerol Separation
4. Methyl ester wash
5. Heating
TABLE I: PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL
BioProperties Diesel
B10
B20
diesel
Kinametic
26
6.19
3.22
2.51
viscosity
(mm2/sec)
Density at
30C
(kg/m3)
840
880
832
825
Flash point
(C)
Fire point
(C)
Calorific
value
(kJ/kg)
>52
130
52
54
60
140
60
62
43500
37093.18
42645.94
41531.53
E. Oxygen emission
Oxygen emission decreases while the load is increased.
Due to emission was getting over heated continues running
of engine. Compare to diesel and blending of biodiesel, B20
got reduced in the presence of oxygen in the vegetable oil is
shown in Fig 6.
F. Smoke opacity
The smoke opacity at different loads for various fuels has
been shown in Fig 7.