Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Coming together is a beginning..

Keeping together is progress.
Working together is a success
--- Henry Ford

What is
Manufacturing?

How do we make these?

Definitions
Manufacturing
manufacturing

Definition of "Manufacturing"
Big "M" Manufacturing
"Manufacturing" is a process for
converting ideas and market or
customer needs into artifacts
Includes design, procurement, test,
finance, human resources, marketing,
etc.

The "Artesan" of history performed

"Manufacturing"

Definition of "manufacturing"
Little m "manufacturing" (production)
manufacturing is the conversion of raw
materials into useful products
The "traditional" definition
What you observe on the shop floor
"Shop floor" is where work orders and
machine instructions are converted into
hardware

Little "m" manufacturing is all about

Creating shapes by various means and
assembling these shapes into a useful
product
The processes used to transform raw
material into finished products
A physical product always has a shape
Function
Aesthetics

These shapes are created by a wide

variety of processes

Historical Development of Integrated Manufacturing

Manual

Manufacturing

Mechanization
Automation
Integrated Manufacturing

RAW MATERIAL

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MANUFACTURING

PRODUCT

The Manufacturing Process

Products

Material
Transformation
Processes

Assembly

Raw Material

Materials Science, Statics, Dynamics, Thermodynamics, Fluid

dynamics

Machines and Automation

Manufacturing
Societal pressures, Government regulations,
company plans and policies, etc

Products

Customer
needs

manufacturing
Raw
material

People, money, machines and automation

Manufacturing Process Overview

SFF
Powders

Pressing
Injection
Molding

Firing/
Sintering

Rolling

Forging/
Press forming
Extruding

Molten
Material

Casting
Shapes
Single crystal
pulling

Machining

Ingot
casting

Products

Continuous
Casting/Rolling

Sheet metal
forming

Assembly

Stamping

Finishing

Raw Material

Blow
molding

Special
Increasing level of detail

TOP-DOWN APPROACH FOR SHAPING

Design Process

Engineering process
for product realization
- Design establishes and defines solutions to
problems not solved before, or new solutions to
problems already solved in different ways
- A good design is the essence of engineering, which
requires analysis and synthesis.
- Sythesis involves the identification of design
elements that comprise the product, its
decomposition into parts, and the combination of
those parts in the form of a workable and functional
system.
- Analysis is decomposing the problem into parts so
that one can understand how a design performs
under service and apply the appropriate
engineering principles/criteria to the design.

Product
specification

Design synthesis
(Design for X)

Design
representation

Design analysis

Design evaluation

Manufacturing
planning

Manufacturing
execution

Inspection

Some Problems
1. Manufacturing not emphasized
enough
2. Systems are not integrated.

An Elementary Manufacturing System

Activities in a Production Cycle

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CAD/CAM Integration Computer Assistance to the Production Cycle

CAD/CAM
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of
computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis, or optimization of a
design.
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use
of computer systems to plan, manage, and
control the operations of a manufacturing plant
through direct or indirect computer interface with
plants resources.

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Need for CAD/CAM

To increase productivity of the designer

To improve quality of the design

To improve communications
To create a manufacturing database
To create and test toolpaths and optimize them
To help in production scheduling and MRP models
To have effective shop floor control

CAD/CAM Activities in a Production Cycle

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Boundaries Between Functions in Traditional Manufacturing

REDUNDANT DATA

Redundant Data Cause Manufacturing Problems

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Information Flow from Design to Production Shop

Common Database for a Manufacturing System

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Common Database for a Manufacturing System

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DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING

Designing products for the ease of manufacturing.
general guidlines

use std components (parts)

use work mtl. shape to design

Some approaches:

parameterized product model

gear,......

restrictive CAD system, force

designers to use certain design
features which are proven easy to
mfg.
mfg. evolution during the design
stage

CONCURRENT ENGINEERING
(SIMULTANEOUS ENGINEERING)
Design product and process
simultaneously.
"Do not focus on only one aspect of the
product realization process."

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Life Cycle
Considerations
in
Product Design

CIM WHEEL

Computer and Automated Systems

Association (CASA) of SME

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CIM

CIM is the integration of the total

manufacturing enterprise through the
use of integrated systems and data
communications coupled with new
managerial philosophies that improve
organizational and personnel efficiency.

Computer and Automated Systems

Association (CASA) of SME

Problems Associated with CIM

Technical Problems
Cultural Problems
Business Related Problems

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