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France Transfo
enter a reservation on the final haulage contractor's delivery note and confirm
by recorded delivery letter within 3 days.
France Transfo
Handling
Transformers are usually stabilised during transit by heavy timber bearers fixed to
the vehicle bed. It is therefore essential to remove these bearers before lifting the
transformer unit off the vehicle.
The unit must be handled using the 2 lifting rings located on the transformer cover.
Hauling (figure 2)
or
The transformer must only be hauled from its chassis. 30 mm diameter holes have
been drilled in the ends of chassis members for this purpose, except in the case
of low capacity units or those built to a special specification. Hauling must only
been undertaken in two directions: along and perpendicular to the chassis centreline.
Forks must only lift the chassis from within the inverted channel sections, with idler
rollers removed.
France Transfo
2
hole for hauling
Handling
timber bearer
idler rollers
France Transfo
Installation
Ensure that machine characteristics shown on the rating plate correspond with
installation conditions: primary voltage(s), tapping links.
This plate may be moved and attached to any side of the tank so that it is visible
once the machine is in position.
In general, installation must comply with the requirements of IEC Standard
71-1, 2 and 3 in relation to insulation co-ordination.
E.g.: case of overhead-underground connection to be protected by lightning
arresters installed at both ends of the HV cable.
: 40C
: 30C
: 20C
: 25C
When the transformer is live, the ambient temperature inside the plantroom must
comply with the above values, unless the transformer has been specially designed
on the basis of a particular specification.
France Transfo
Installation
Determining the height and cross-sectional areas of
ventilation wall openings (figure 4)
In the general case involving natural cooling (AN), the purpose of the plantroom
ventilation system is to disperse the heat, resulting from the total heat losses
generated by the operating transformer, by natural convection.
S
200 mm
mini
An efficient ventilation system comprises a fresh air inlet wall opening of crosssectional area S positioned low down in the room, and air outlet opening of crosssectional area S' positioned high up on the opposite wall of the room at a height
H above the air inlet opening.
It should be noted that restricted air circulation around the unit causes a reduction
in available power. For this reason, the transformer must be positioned at a
minimum distance of 200 mm from any solid wall.
H
Groupe Merlin Gerin Usine de Maizires-ls-Metz (Moselle) France
n 216540
Design calculation:
P = sum of losses under no load and losses due to load on transformer, expressed
in kW at 75C, plus losses generated by any other unit in the same room.
S = cross-sectional area of fresh air inlet wall opening (deduct possible area
obstructed by grill), expressed in m2.
S= cross-sectional area of air outlet wall opening (deduct possible area
obstructed by grill), expressed in m2.
H = difference in height between inlet and outlet wall opening centre-lines,
expressed in m.
, 18P- and S = 1, 10 S
S = 0
---------------H
This formula is valid for an average annual ambient temperature of 20C and at a
maximum altitude of 1000 metres.
France Transfo
Installation
Forced ventilation of plantroom (figure 5)
S
200 mm
mini
An air extract fan discharging outside the plantroom may be fitted to the outlet
wall opening, located at high level, in order to increase natural convection in the
room; this fan can be thermostat-controlled.
H
Groupe Merlin Gerin Usine de Maizires-ls-Metz (Moselle) France
France Transfo
n 216540
Installation
Setting the voltage
commutator
Adjustments to tapping point or
voltage commutators must be
undertaken with the transformer
off-load and de-energized.
Tapping links
Set the tapping point
commutator to the required
position:
Pos. 1: upper primary voltage
Pos. 2: rated primary voltage
Pos. 3: lower primary voltage
red locking knob
index
Pos. 1: HV1
Pos. 2: HV2
France Transfo
Installation
Statutory restrictions for oil-immersed transformers
Each country issues its own regulations covering the installation of oil-immersed
transformers on its territory.
These regulations invariably respond to concerns for the protection of people,
property and the environment. Available protection systems depend on the
technology adopted for the transformer concerned.
When the unit is in service, the volume of the dielectric fluid used to cool its coils
(usually mineral oil complying with IEC Standard 296) varies continually, due to
temperature variations in the windings.
These volume changes must be "absorbed" by a suitable expansion system
which has given rise to two distinct technologies:
10
France Transfo
Installation
Protection accessory: the protection relay (figure 6)
Fitted directly to the transformer cover, this relay ensures protection against
internal faults, prolonged overvoltages and fire risks associated with the use of
inflammable dielectric fluids.
The accessory continuously monitors:
- dielectric fluid level,
- tank internal pressure,
- dielectric fluid temperature at two different thresholds.
oil
To operate properly, the protection relay must be fully filled with fluid (level higher
than the float visible in the transparent section of the unit). If this is not the case,
check the instructions which appear inside each casing.
sensors
Recommended
adjustment
Fault detected
Action to be taken
Serious fault
Pressure switch
0.20 bar
Serious fault
De-energize unit
Thermostat threshold 1
90C
Overvoltages
Activate alarm
Thermostat threshold 2
100C
Overvoltages
De-energize unit
De-energize unit
France Transfo
11
Installation
Faults detected on live transformer unit
Overheating is detected
This may be due to:
- improper cooling of the transformer (insufficient air flow around unit or plantroom ventilation),
- continuous overvoltage.
12
France Transfo
Installation
Breather type transformer with expansion tank (figure 7)
The transformer tank is connected by pipework to an expansion tank, mounted
above the unit, which ensures that the dielectric fluid level remains sufficiently high
in the transformer tank: variations in dielectric fluid volume are absorbed by the
expansion tank which remains at atmospheric pressure.
7
oil
This type of unit therefore requires maintenance which is both regular and suited
to the climatic conditions in the vicinity of the transformer (see page 21).
Protection accessory : the Buchholz relay
Fitted to the pipework linking the expansion tank to the transformer tank, this
accessory ensures protection against internal faults only, by monitoring dielectric
fluid levels and fluctuations.
To ensure proper operation, the Buchholz relay must be completely bled of air.
Faults detected on live transformer unit
13
Installation
Dielectric fluid retention system
In an environmental protection context, the retention system used must be
capable of containing the total quantity of dielectric fluid, unless otherwise
specified by local regulations.
It may comprise:
- a raised door threshold if the plantroom floor is oil tight,
- a low oil tight wall around the transformer,
- a steel trough positioned beneath the transformer.
In the last two cases, ensure that the system does not adversely affect transformer
cooling by preventing air circulation around the tank cooling fins.
14
France Transfo
HV and LV connections
Bushing type
Transformers may be provided with the following connections.
LV connections to busbar bushings (only used above 250 kVA units)
100
1250A
14,5
11
1600A
310
250
31,5
14,5
135
35
50
50
250
31,5
11
50
50
3150A
2500A
locking ring
locking ring
18
18
45
52
31,5
52
155
14,5
11
31,5
20
25
12
50
52
12
12
221
31,5
31,5
31,5
12
106,5
31,5
97,5
63
120
50
120
31,5
31,5
31,5
45
63
HV connections to
plug-in bushings
with draw-out
angle connector
5000A
LV connections to porcelain bushings (mandatory for 100 and 160 kVA units) DIN 42530
HV connections to
porcelain bushings DIN 42531
150
20
with draw-out
straight connector
M 12
50
15
10
M 20
M 12
26
60
100
25
20
40
15
14
26
M 30
340
60
M 42
30
150
165
20
40
120
14
60
263
138
17
100
120
14
372
465
385
65
M 48
178
DT 250A DT 630A
DT 1000A
DT 3150A
DT 2000A
250A
5300A
160
250
315
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
3150
LV busbar bushings
1250A
1250A
1250A
1250A
1250A
1250A
1600A
2500A
2500A
3150A
5000A
5000A
LV porcelain bushings
250A
250A
630A
630A
630A
1000A
1000A
1600A
1600A
2500A
2500A
3150A
4000A
5300A
kVA
France Transfo
15
HV and LV connections
Assembly and tightening torque
Bushings must not be subjected to stresses resulting from cable or busbar
connections; such loads can cause leaks at various joints.
Furthermore, the following connection details and tightening torque values shall
be complied with:
HV or LV connection to porcelain bushing
(U 52 kV - M12 stud)
nut tightening
torque: 25 Nm
steel bolt
locknut
load in accordance
with I.E.C. 137:
connecting terminal
inclined < 30, F = 50 daN
connecting terminal
inclined > 30, F = 30 daN
clearance:
approx. 5 mm
end lug
reminder:
1 N.m = 0.102 mkg
1 mkg = 0.98 daN.m
16
France Transfo
HV and LV connections
Table of tightening torque values
Bolts
Class 6.8
anticorrosion
-treated steel
Class A2-70
and A4-70
stainless steel
Class A2-80
and A4-80
stainless steel
Brass
M8
15.2
15.5
17.7
M10
30
30
35
15.1
7.6
M12
52
53
60
25
M14
83
85
97
41
M16
130
133
152
55
France Transfo
17
HV and LV connections
Protection
HV bushings
Draw-out connectors (straight or angle) may be kept plugged into the plug-in
bushings using a padlockable locking device (padlock / lock not supplied);
Release of this locking system may be made conditional on prior isolation of
the transformer from the HV supply (figure 8);
LV bushings
18
France Transfo
If their power outputs are different, the total available combined power output
will be slightly less (< 10%) than the sum of the power outputs for each
transformer coupled separately.
The power output of the largest transformer should not be more than twice that
of the smallest unit.
Differences in secondary voltages between the different units must not exceed 0.4%.
9
recommend
to advise
LV
France Transfo
19
Maintenance
Mineral oil and component materials
The transformer is filled with mineral oil complying with ICE Standard 296.
Transformer component materials are free of polychlorobiphenyls (PCB's),
polychloroterphenyls (PCT's) and polychlorobenzyltoluene (PCBT).
Moreover, the PCB content of this unit is guaranteed to be less than the detectable
threshold (2 ppm*) in strict compliance with standards currently in force.
Hermetically sealed type transformer
Under normal operating and environmental conditions, maintenance of this
transformer is reduced. It is in fact limited to regularly checking the tightness of
connections and visual inspection of transformer oil tightness.
Under conditions of extreme pollution (depositing of dust, salt, chemicals, etc.),
cleaning of porcelain or busbar bushings may be required.
As long as the dielectric fluid has not been exposed to the air for a particular
reason (tank opening, repairs, fitting of accessories, topping up of oil, etc.), one
dielectric withstand test, on a sample taken from the bottom of the tank (minimum
breakdown voltage 30 kV), every 10 years is sufficient.
The transformer is hermetically sealed and has no gas cushion. In other words,
filling and closure have been carried out in such a way that pressures are balanced
(internal and external atmospheric pressure) under conditions approaching
normal, i.e. temperature of 20C and pressure of 1013 mbar.
20
France Transfo
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Maintenance
If necessary, this transformer may be opened in accordance with the following
recommendations:
Transformer is hot ( > 20C)
The unit's internal pressure is higher than atmospheric and opening it causes
leakage of some dielectric fluid which can only be reinjected in full, once its
temperature has returned to 20C.
Until this occurs, the unit can fulfil its functions. However, replacement of all the
dielectric fluid lost at the earliest opportunity is preferable.
Transformer is cold ( < 20C)
The unit's internal pressure is lower than atmospheric and opening it causes a
drop in oil level in the tank. After servicing and topping up dielectric fluid, if
required, put the unit back into operation and purge when hot.
To prevent excess pressure in the tank, the volume of dielectric fluid which may
have been added (during topping up) should be drained, once the unit's
operating temperature has risen to 20C.
France Transfo
21
Maintenance
Breather type transformer with expansion tank
Because the dielectric fluid is exposed permanently to the surrounding air, the
frequency of oil quality checks must be increased: once a year is an absolute
minimum, which should be further increased if a gradual deterioration of fluid
dielectric withstand is observed (reminder: minimum breakdown voltage: 30 kV).
If an air dehumidifier has been fitted to the expansion tank to filter the incoming air,
the colour of the silica gel it contains should be monitored:
- blue colour : silica gel is in a good condition for ensuring dehumidification,
- pink or white colour : silica gel has absorbed humidity and has become ineffective, it should therefore be replaced (supplied by our After-Sales Service,
see page 23).
Also check that the glass, located at the bottom of the dehumidifier, is filled with
oil to the required level, in order that dust carried by the surrounding air flow is
effectively retained.
22
France Transfo
After-Sales Service
When making enquiries or ordering spare parts, it is essential to quote the main
characteristics given on the rating plate and, in particular, the unit serial number.
TECHNICAL MEMO
(data to be copied from unit rating plate)
After-Sales Service
tel.: (33) 03 87 70 57 72
fax: (33) 03 87 70 56 21
www.francetransfo.com
No.
Year
Power output
kVA
Frequency
Hz
Cooling
Coupling
Rated high
voltage
kV
Low voltage
Mass of
dielectric
kg
Total mass
kg
France Transfo
23
Precommissioning checks
Operations prior to connecting transformer
check data given on rating plate in relation to needs (power output, voltage,
etc...)
Measured values
HV / earth
250 M
LV / earth
50 M
HV/LV
250 M
If the measured values are significantly less than the usual values, please call
your After-Sales Service (page 22).
24
France Transfo
Precommissioning checks
Operations prior to switching transformer live
ensure there is no foreign body on the unit (metal filings, nuts and bolts, etc.)
if the transformer is an hermetically sealed type unit fitted with a protection
relay, check that the large float is at the top and that the drain is properly
closed (close by turning clockwise). Refer to instructions supplied with each
transformer in relation to testing.
if the transformer is a breather type unit with an expansion tank and Buchholz
relay, check that all air bubbles have been bled from the latter unit and carry
out relay testing using the devices provided for this (rod to be pushed or
pulled to activate alarm or trip).
Check condition of silica gel in the dehumidifier and the level of oil in the bottom glass vessel.
ensure that cables and busbars are properly supported; no loads should be
applied to the transformer connection lugs.
check that rotating switch head is correctly set to, and locked in, the required
position.
France Transfo
25
notes
26
France Transfo
BP 10140
F-57281 Maizires-ls-Metz cedex
France
Tel: 33 (0)3 87 70 57 57
fax: 33 (0)3 87 51 10 16
http://www.francetransfo.com
GEa 220000 b
SAS au capital de 1 709 622 euros Code APE : 2711 Z Siret : 357 801 109 000 20 N ident. TVA : FR 78 357801109 Imprim en France
Postal address: