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As shown in Fig.1.2, the corrugated web bridge, in which the webs of conventional
prestressed concrete bridges were replaced by corrugated steel webs.
Numerous studies in the last years proved that the stress distribution in the girders with
corrugated webs are different from the conventional stress distribution of the traditional Igirders with flat webs under in-plane bending and shear. The different characteristics of the
stress distribution in the flange and web plates have an effect on the bending and shear
resistance, which can be considered in the design.
Fig.1.2. Schematic diagram of corrugated steel web prestressed concrete box girder
Types of Corrugations
Many types of corrugations are possible rectangular, trapezoidal and sinusoidal. Trapezoidal
and sinusoidal have attained more attention. A typical profile of a corrugated web is shown in
the Fig.2.1.
Purpose of Corrugations
For making the cross section efficient to resist in-plane bending it is required that maximum
material must be placed as far away from neutral axis as possible. As the depth of the section
increases, depth of the web increases and it becomes slender, premature failure of girder due
to web buckling in shear may occur.
Hence to reduce the slenderness ratio created by the high depth and small thickness of the
web, instead of using stiffeners, the corrugated web is the possible way to give stability
against elastic buckling of the web. The profile is such a way that it avoids failure of the
beam due to loss of instability before the web ultimate load is reached by web yielding.
In the case of prestressed concrete bridge girders, the accordion effect enables the upper and
lower decks of the girder to be prestressed efficiently. Hence the loss of prestressing is
reduced considerably compared to conventional box girder bridges.
As mentioned before the corrugations provide stability to the web, eliminating the need for
transverse stiffeners that have a primary influence on the shear strength of conventionally
stiffened flat web plate girders.
There are three types of buckling modes local buckling, global buckling and interactive
buckling.
Local Buckling
A local buckling mode corresponds to the instability of a steel strip simply supported between
two folds under uniform shear. It is critical only for deep folds. In the local buckling, the
corrugated web act as a series of flat panels that mutually support each other along their
vertical edges and are supported by the flanges at their horizontal edges.
have shown that buckling failure of corrugated web is mainly governed by interactive shear
buckling.
Torsional Behavior
Compared with conventional PC box girders, the out-plane-stiffness of corrugated steel webs
is relatively small, and hence cross-sections with corrugated steel webs tend to distort easily.
When the cross-sections distort, it reduces the torsional warping stresses. Therefore, when PC
box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs are adopted for curved or skewed bridges, it is
necessary to provide diaphragms at suitable intervals to control any cross-sectional distortion.
Compared to the concrete web, the lighter corrugated steel web leads to reduced
seismic forces and smaller substructures, thereby reducing the construction cost of the
bridge.
Compared to the flat steel web, the corrugated steel web has higher out of plane
stiffness and shear buckling resistance even without additional stiffeners, which
considerably reduces the material and labor costs of fabricating superstructures.
A bridge with corrugated webs 20% lighter than a bridge with concrete webs. An
accordion effect requires the PC strand 20% less than a bridge with concrete webs.
Therefore, a bridge with corrugated webs more inexpensive than a bridge with
concrete webs for a span longer than 50 m.
A girder with corrugated webs can be connected to a steel box girder. That makes a
long span hybrid bridge made of a girder with corrugated webs and steel box.
A bridge with corrugated webs emits the carbon dioxide 20% less than a steel bridge
and concrete bridge. Hence a bridge with corrugated webs is eco-friendly.
The materials are used more efficiently because concrete is expected to resist
primarily the bending moment and steel is to carry shear.
Box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs are economic and competitive for spans
exceeding 100m.
6. Conclusion
The corrugated steel webs, which take advantages of steel and concrete, have proved to be
one of the promising solutions that can reduce the self-weight of main girders, thereby
enabling the use of longer spans and reduction of construction cost. Even though corrugated
web girders are still new and less than 10 bridges have been built worldwide, the provided
benefits have the potential of significant economic advantages for upcoming projects.
7.References
[1]Rui Juan Jiang, Francis Tat Kwong Au and Yu Feng Xiao, Prestressed Concrete Girder
Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs:Review,Journal of Structural Engineering, July 7,2014.
[2] Sedky Abdullah Tohamy, Osama Mohamed Abu El Ela, Amr Bakr Saddek, Ahmed
Ibrahim Mohamed, Efficiency of plate girder with corrugated web
Versus plate girder with flat web,Minia Journal of Engineering and Technology,January
2013,Volume.32.No.1.
[3]B.Kovesdi, L.Dunai,Fatigue life of girders with trapezoidally corrugated web : An
Experimental Study, International Journal of Fatigue, March 3,2014,Page 22-32.
[4]M.F.Hassanein, O.F.Kharoob,Behaviour of bridge girders with corrugated webs:
(II)Shear strength and design,Engineering Structures,June 17,2013,Page 544-553.