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Section 2.

An Introduction to the Periodic Table

Chapter-2
Lecture-2

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Types of Cations

Type A Cations

Metal forms only single type of cations. e.g. sodium


only form Na+, calcium form only Ca2+ and so on.

Type B Cations

Metal forms more than one type of cations. e.g. iron


or ferrum (in Latin) Fe form two ions that are Fe2+
(Ferrous) and Fe3+ (Ferric)

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Naming Compounds

Binary Compounds (Type I)

Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)

Composed of two elements


Ionic and covalent compounds included
Metalnonmetal

Binary Covalent Compounds(Type III)

Nonmetalnonmetal

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Binary Ionic Compounds (metal with non metals, Type I)

1. The cation (type A) is always named first and the


anion second.
2. A monatomic cation takes its name from the
name of the parent element.
For example Na+ in NaCl is called sodium in the
names of compounds containing this ion.
3. A monatomic anion is named by taking the root
of the element name and adding ide.
Thus Cl-1 in NaCl will be called chloride.
NaCl will be named as sodium chloride
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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)

Examples:
KCl

Potassium chloride

MgBr2

Magnesium bromide

CaO

Calcium oxide

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)

Name the following:


Ag3N: Silver nitride
Mg3P2: Magnesium phosphide
These numbers must be in the formula but are
not used in the name. Why?
Ionic compounds are most commonly found as solids
containing many, many ions. Formulas such as NaCl
represent the lowest whole number ratio of cations and
anions
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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds

Common Monatomic Cations and Anions

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)

Metals or cations (type A) in these compounds


form more than one type of positive charge.
Charge on the metal ion must be specified.
Roman numeral indicates the charge of the
metal cation.
Transition metal cations usually require a
Roman numeral.

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)

Examples:
CuBr
FeS
PbO2

Copper(I) bromide
Iron(II) sulfide
Lead(IV) oxide

Fe2O3 = Iron(III) oxide


FeO = Iron(II) oxide
the name iron oxide is not useful it could mean
Fe2O3 or FeO
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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)
where metal can form more than one
cation
* Mercury(I) always occurs bound
together to form Hg22+ ions.
Although they are transition
elements, they form only one type of
ion, and a Roman number is not
needed.

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Polyatomic Ions

Must be committed to your memory (see Table


2.5 on pg. 62 in text).
Examples of compounds containing polyatomic
ions:
Sodium sulfate
Na2SO4
Mg(NO3)2
Magnesium nitrate
(NH4)2SO4
Ammonium sulfate

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Formulas from Names: Given the name of a compound,
write the formula
Potassium sulfide
ions present: K+ and S2
Chromium(II) bromide
ions present: Cr2+ and Br
Lead(IV) oxide
ions present: Pb4+ and O2
Mercury(I) nitride
ions present: Hg22+ and N3
Iron (III) sulfate
ions present: Fe3+ and SO42

formula: K2S
formula: CrBr2
formula: PbO2
formula: (Hg2)3N2
formula: Fe2(SO4)3
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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)

Formed between two nonmetals.


1. The first element in the formula is named
first, using the full element name.
2. The second element is named as if it were
an anion.
3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers
of atoms present.
4. The prefix mono- is never used for
naming the first element.
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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Prefixes Used to
Indicate Number in
Chemical Names

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)

Examples:
CO2

Carbon dioxide

SF6

Sulfur hexafluoride

N2O4

Dinitrogen tetroxide

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Overall Strategy for Naming Chemical Compounds

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Flowchart for Naming Binary Compounds

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Acids

Acids can be recognized by the


hydrogen that appears first in the
formulaHCl.
Molecule with one or more H+ ions
attached to an anion.

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Acids

If the anion does not contain oxygen, the


acid is named with the prefix hydro and the
suffix ic.
Examples:
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
HCN
Hydrocyanic acid
H2S
Hydrosulfuric acid

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Acids

If the anion does contain oxygen:


The suffix ic is added to the root name if
the anion name ends in ate.
Examples:
HNO3
Nitric acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
HC2H3O2 Acetic acid

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Acids

If the anion does contain oxygen:


The suffix ous is added to the root name
if the anion name ends in ite.
Examples:
HNO2
Nitrous acid
H2SO3
Sulfurous acid
HClO2
Chlorous acid

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Flowchart for Naming Acids

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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Exercise

Which of the following compounds is named


incorrectly?
a) KNO3
b) TiO2
c) Sn(OH)4
d) PBr5
e) CaCrO4

potassium nitrate
titanium(II) oxide
tin(IV) hydroxide
phosphorus pentabromide
calcium chromate
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Section 2.8

Naming Simple Compounds


Exercise

Question 47, 49, 52, 55, 57, 63, 70, 78, 80, 107

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