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CHBE 356: Process Dynamics and Control

Assignment 1 - Solutions
Solution to Q1:
The flowrate and concentration of CO2 in the inlet stream can vary with time. Due to these disturbances, a feedback control system is needed. The primary controlled variable is the concentration
of CO2 in the emissions, which must be kept below a specified value. Other controlled variables
of interest are the level of the amine in the tower and the pressure in the tower (for safety reasons). The available manipulated variables include the inlet and outlet flowrates of amine and
outlet flowrate of emissions. Based on cause and effect analysis, the level and pressure need to be
controlled using outlet flowrates of amine and emissions, respectively. The remaining manipulated
variable, inlet flowrate of amine is used to control the concentration of CO2 in the emissions. The
proposed feedback control structure is shown in Figure 1. The performance of this control system
can be enhanced by measuring the two disturbances, i.e. flowrate and concentration of CO2 in the
inlet stream, and using a feedforward controller. This feedforward controller is primarily useful for
improving the control of control of the concentration of CO2 in the emissions.

Figure 1: Proposed control system for the absorption tower


Solution to Q2: Both the loops are feedback control loops. The controlled variable is measured to
adjust the manipulated variable. To decide if a controller is feedback or feedforward. Ask yourself
the following question: am I measuring the variable that I need to control? If the answer to this
question is Yes, then you have a feedback controller. The location of the manipulated variable
does not change the type of controller you have. In the two figures, the same controlled variable
(level) is measured and used to determine the percentage opening of the valve.
Solution to B1: There are five control loops in total on this distillation column. Please note that
there is no unique answer to this question. However, there are better answers (these are those that
have the maximum effect on the controlled variables).
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1. Pressure Controller (PC): flow into heat exchanger (MV), distillate pressure (CV), there
are several possible disturbances e.g., flow rate from the top of the column (DV).
2. Level Controller (LC): distillate flow rate, D (MV), drum level (CV), pump speed, flow
rate from the top of the column.
3. Flow Controller (FC): valve position (MV), flow rate through the valve (CV), flow rate
from the pump (DV).
4. Temperature Controller (TC): flow rate to the heat exchanger (MV), temperature in the
column (CV), changes in feed temperature (DV).
5. Level Controller (LC): bottom flow rate (MC), bottom column level (CV), column temperature (DV).

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