JEX 11.a C4 SpanningTree

Junos Enterprise Switching
Chapter 4: Spanning Tree
2011 Juniper Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. | www.juniper.net | Worldwide Education Services
Chapter Objectives
After successfully completing this chapter, you will be
able to:
Explain when a spanning tree is required
Describe STP and RSTP operations
List some advantages of using RSTP over STP
Configure and monitor RSTP
Describe the BPDU, loop, and root protection features
Configure and monitor the BPDU, loop, and root protection
features
2011 Juniper Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.
Worldwide Education Services
www.juniper.net | 4-2
Agenda: Spanning Tree

Spanning Tree Protocol
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Configuring and Monitoring RSTP
Protection Features
BPDU Protection
Loop Protection
Root Protection
Test Your Knowledge

What will Switch-1 and Switch-2 do if they receive a
broadcast frame or a frame destined to an unknown
MAC address?
Example: Source MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:86 / Destination MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:95
User A
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:86
Switch-1
Switch-2
User B
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:87
User C
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:88
User D
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:89
Both switches would flood the frames out all

ports except the port on which the frames arrived
What If ?
What if a broadcast frame or a frame with an
unknown destination MAC address were sent into a
Layer 2 network with redundant paths?
Example: Source MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:86 / Destination MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:95
User A
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:86
User B
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:87
Switch-1
Flood
Layer 2 Loop
Switch-2
User C
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:88
Flood
User D
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:89
Switch-3
Flood
User E
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:90
User F
MAC: 00:26:88:02:74:91

STP
Defined in the IEEE 802.1D-1998 specification
Builds loop-free paths in redundant Layer 2 networks
Automatically rebuilds tree when topology changes
Switch-1
User Traffic
User Traffic
Loop Free
Environment
Host B
Host A
Switch-2
Switch-3
No User Traffic
How Does it Work?

Steps for creating a spanning tree include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Switch-2
Switches exchange bridge protocol data units (BPDUs)

Root bridge is elected
Port role and state are determined
Tree is fully converged
Switch-1
Switch-1 (Root Bridge)
BPDUs
Loop Free
Environment
Switch-3
Switch-2
User Traffic
Switch-3
No User Traffic
Terms and Concepts (1 of 2)

Key terms and concepts of STP:
Bridge ID: Unique identifier for each switch
Root bridge: Switch with the lowest bridge ID
Root port: The port on each bridge closest to the root bridge
Root path cost: A bridges calculated cost to get from itself
to the root bridge
Equal to the received root path cost from configuration BPDUs plus
the port cost of the root port on the bridge
Port cost: Every interface on a bridge has an assigned port

cost value
Used in the calculation of the root path cost for the local bridge
Configurable value (1200000000)
The default value is 20000 for 1 Gigabit Ethernet

Terms and Concepts (2 of 2)

Key terms and concepts of STP (contd.):
Designated bridge: A switch representing the LAN segment
Port ID: A unique identifier for each port on each switch
Designated port: The designated bridges forwarding port on
a LAN segment
The port used by a designated bridge to send traffic from the
direction of the root to the LAN or from the LAN toward the root
Bridge protocol data unit: Packets used to exchange

information between switches
Configuration BPDU
Topology change notification BPDU
Port States
Each individual port of each bridge can be in one of
four states:
Blocking
The port drops all data packets and listens to BPDUs
The port is not used in active topology
Listening
The port is transitioning and will be used in active topology
Learning
The port is transitioning and the switch is learning MAC addresses
Forwarding
The port receives and forwards data packets and sends and
receives BPDUs
The port has transitioned and the switch continues to learn MAC
addresses
BPDUEthernet Frame Format

Ethernet Frame
Destination Address: The bridge group
address (01:80:C2:00:00:00)
DA
SA
Length
LLC
Source Address: MAC of the outgoing

port of the originating switch
BPDU
FCS
LLC Header: DSAP and SSAP = 0x42

(Bridge Spanning Tree Protocol)
BPDU types:
Configuration BPDUs
Used to build the spanning-tree topology
Topology change notification (TCN) BPDUs

Reports topology changes
BPDU Format
Octets
Protocol ID
BPDU Type:
0x00 (Configuration BPDU)
0x80 (TCN BPDU)
Protocol Version
BPDU Type
Flags
Root ID
Port Priority: Used as the tiebreaker to

determine the designated port, the root
port, or both for a LAN (lower is better)
Port Number: The ID of

the transmitting port
Priority
Port Number
Root Path Cost
2
1
1
1
Root ID: A unique ID of the bridge that the

transmitting bridge believes to be the root
Bridge Priority: The priority of becoming
the root bridge, the designated bridge,
or both (lower is better)
Priority
2
Bridge ID
Port ID
Message Age
Max Age
Hello Time
Forward Delay
Bridge Address
6
Bridge Address: The unique MAC

address of the bridge itself
Building a Spanning Tree (1 of 3)

Switches exchange configuration BPDUs:
They do not floodinstead each bridge uses information in
the received BPDUs to generate its own
Root bridge is elected based on BPDU information:

Criterion for election is the bridge ID
The election process reviews priority firstlowest priority wins
If the priority values are the same, bridge addresses (MAC) are
comparedthe lowest identifier wins
Switches initially exchange
configuration BPDUs, claiming
themselves as the root bridge.
Switch-1 is elected as the root

bridge based on the received
configuration BPDU information.
Host B
Host A
Switch-2
Switch-3

Least-cost path calculation to root bridge determines
port role; port role determines port state:
Port Role and State Designations
All ports on root bridge assume designated port role and forwarding state
Root ports on switches are placed in the forwarding state; root bridge has no root ports
Designated ports on designated bridges are placed in the forwarding state
All other ports are placed in the blocking state
F,R = Forwarding and root port

F,D = Forwarding and designated port
B
F,D F,D
= Blocking
F,R
Host A
F,D
F,R
F,D
Switch-2
F,D
Host B
Switch-3

The tree is fully converged
All traffic between Host A to Host B flows through the root
bridge (Switch-1)
Host A
Switch-2
F
F
Host B
Switch-3
Reconvergence Example (1 of 2)
Steps:
1. Switch G fails
2. Switch Es port leaves forwarding state
3. Switch E sends TCNs out root port
every 2 seconds until Es root port
receives TCN ACK (configuration BPDU)
4. Switch B sends TCN ACK
5. Switch B sends TCN out root port
6. Switch A sends TCN ACK
Root
A
Port leaves forwarding state
G
Switch fails
Reconvergence Example (2 of 2)
Steps (contd.):
7. The root bridge sets the topology change flag
and sends an updated configuration BPDU
8. Switches B and C relay the topology
change flag to downstream switches
MAC Fwd
9. All nonroot bridges change the
Table Aging
Time: 15
MAC address forwarding table
Sec
B
aging timer to equal the forwarding
delay time (default: 15 seconds)
D
MAC Fwd
Table Aging
Time: 15 Sec
Root
A
MAC Fwd
Table Aging
Time: 15
Sec
MAC Fwd
Table Aging
Time: 15 Sec
MAC Fwd
Table Aging
Time: 15 Sec

Protection Features
BPDU Protection
Loop Protection
Root Protection
STP Drawbacks
Slow convergence time
STP uses timers to transition between port states
STP can take 30 to 50 seconds to respond to a topology change
(20 seconds for a BPDU to age out, 15 seconds for the listening
state, and 15 seconds for the learning state)
Root bridge is responsible for communicating the current

tree topology

RSTP was first defined in IEEE 802.1w and later
incorporated into IEEE 802.1D-2004
Convergence improvements:
Point-to-point link designation
Edge port designation
A port that connects to a LAN with no other bridges attached
It is always in the forwarding state
Allows for rapid recovery from failures

A new root port or designated port can transition to forwarding
without waiting for the protocol timers to expire
Direct and indirect link failure and recovery

RSTP Port Roles

RSTP introduces new port roles:
Alternate port:
D DD D
Provides an alternate path to the root

bridge (essentially a backup root port)
Blocks traffic while receiving superior
BPDUs from a neighboring switch
R A
R A
D B
A A
Switch-2
Switch-3
Backup port:
Provides a redundant path to a segment
(on designated switches only)
Blocks traffic while a more preferred port
functions as the designated port
RSTP continues to use the root

and designated port roles
Root Port = R
Designated Port = D
Alternate Port = A
Backup Port = B
STP and RSTP Port States

RSTP uses fewer states than STP but has the same
functionality
802.1D-1998
STP
802.1D-2004
RSTP
Alternate Backup,
and Disabled Ports
Blocking
Discarding
Listening
Learning
Learning
Forwarding
Forwarding
Root and Designated Ports
Rapid Spanning Tree BPDUs

Rapid Spanning Tree BPDUs:
Act as keepalives
RSTP-designated ports send Configuration BPDUs every hello time
(default of 2 seconds)
Provide faster failure detection

If a neighboring bridge receives no BPDU within 3 times the hello
interval (3 x 2 = 6 seconds), connectivity to the neighbor is faulty
DDDD
Switch-2
RA
R A
DB
A A
Switch-3
RST BPDU Format

Protocol ID
Protocol Version
BPDU Type
Flags
Octets
2
1
1
1
Root ID
Root Path Cost
RST BPDU fields that differ from STP:

Protocol Version0x02
(IEEE 802.1D-2004)
BPDU Type0x02 (RST BPDU)
Flags
Topology Change Acknowledgement Flag (Bit 8)
Agreement Flag (Bit 7)

Bridge ID
Forwarding Flag (Bit 6)

Learning Flag (Bit 5)
Port Role (Bits 3 and 4)
Message Age
Max Age
Proposal Flag (Bit 2)
Hello Time
Forward Delay
Version 1 Length
2
2
Port ID
Topology Change Flag (Bit 1)
Version 1 Length0x0000
Transitioning to the Forwarding State

STP:
Takes 30 seconds before the ports start forwarding traffic
after port enablement
2x forwarding delay (listening + learning)
RSTP:
Uses a proposal-and-agreement handshake on point-topoint links instead of timers
Exceptions are alternate ports that immediately transition to root,
and edge ports that immediately transition to the forwarding state
Nonedge-designated ports transition to the forwarding state once
they receive explicit agreement
Topology Change Reconvergence

Topology changes occur only when nonedge ports
transition to the forwarding state:
Port transitions to the discarding state no longer trigger the
STP TCN/TCN Acknowledgment sequence
The initiator sends RSTP TCNs (RST BPDU with TCN flag set)
out of all designated ports as well as out of the root port
Because of the received RSTP TCN, switches flush the
majority of MAC addresses in the bridge table
Switches do not flush MAC addresses learned from edge ports
Switches do not flush MAC addresses learned on port receiving TCN
Indirect Link Failure

When an indirect link failure occurs:
Switch-2s root port failsit assumes it is the new root
Switch-3 receives inferior BPDUs from Switch-2it moves
the alternate port to the designated port role
Switch-2 receives superior BPDUs, knows it is not the root,
and designates the port connecting to Switch-3 as the
root port
Note: The failure is from the
perspective of Switch-3
Before
After
F F
Forwarding = F
Blocking = B
Root Port = R
R F
R F
D
F Inferior PDU
Switch-2
A
B
Switch-3
R
F
D
Superior PDU F
Switch-2
R F
Designated Port = D
Alternate Port = A
Switch-3
Direct Link Failure

When a direct link failure occurs:
Alternate port transitions to forwarding state and assumes
root port role following the failure of the old root port
Switch-3 signals upstream switches to flush their MAC
tables by sending RSTP TCNs out new root port
Upstream switches only flush MAC entries that they learned on
active ports that did not receive the RSTP TCNs (except edge ports)
Before
After
F F
Note: The failure is from the

perspective of Switch-3
Forwarding = F
Blocking = B
Root Port = R
R F
R F
D
F
Switch-2
A
B
Switch-3
R F
Designated Port = D
D
F
R
F
Switch-2
Alternate Port = A
Switch-3
RSTP Interoperability with STP

STP and RSTP interoperability considerations:
If a switch supports only the STP protocol, it discards any
RSTP BPDUs it receives
If an RSTP-capable switch receives BPDUs, it reverts to STP
mode on the receiving interface only and sends STP BPDUs
RSTP
STP
Switch-1
Protocol Version0
(STP)
Switch-2
(RSTP)
Switch-3
(RSTP)

Protection Features
BPDU Protection
Loop Protection
Root Protection
Configuring RSTP
[edit protocols rstp]
user@switch# show
bridge-priority 32k;
max-age 20;
hello-time 2;
forward-delay 15;
interface ge-0/0/10.0 {
disable;
}
cost 20000;
mode point-to-point;
}
priority 128;
mode shared;
}
edge;
}
Default RSTP settings
Excludes interface from participating in RSTP
Default cost value for interfaces operating at 1 Gbps

Default interface mode for interfaces operating in full-duplex mode
Default priority value (used to influence downstream devices least-cost path
calculation to root bridgelower is better)
Default interface mode for interfaces operating in half-duplex mode
Default value for interfaces that do not connect to STP-enabled devices
Monitoring STP and RSTP (1 of 2)

user@switch> show spanning-tree ?
Possible completions:
bridge
Show STP bridge parameters
interface
Show STP interface parameters
mstp
Show Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol information
statistics
Show STP statistics
user@switch> show spanning-tree bridge
Root Bridges ID
STP bridge parameters
Context ID
: 0
Enabled protocol
: RSTP
Cumulative Cost to
Root ID
: 4096.00:19:e2:55:36:00
Root Bridge
Root cost
: 40000
Root port
: ge-0/0/13.0
Root Port
Hello time
: 2 seconds
Maximum age
: 20 seconds
Forward delay
: 15 seconds
Message age
: 2
Local Devices Bridge ID
Number of topology changes
: 2
Time since last topology change
: 72 seconds
Local parameters
Bridge ID
: 32768.00:19:e2:55:1d:40
Extended system ID
: 0
Internal instance ID
: 0
Monitoring STP and RSTP (2 of 2)

user@switch> show spanning-tree interface
Spanning tree interface parameters for instance 0
Interface
ge-0/0/10.0
ge-0/0/11.0
ge-0/0/12.0
ge-0/0/13.0
ge-0/0/14.0
ge-0/0/15.0
Port ID
128:523
128:524
128:525
128:526
128:527
128:528
Designated
port ID
128:523
128:524
128:525
128:526
128:527
128:528
Designated
bridge ID
32768.0019e2507c00
32768.0019e2507c00
32768.0019e2507c00
32768.0019e2503fe0
32768.0019e2503fe0
32768.0019e2503fe0
Port
Cost
20000
20000
20000
20000
20000
20000
State
Role
BLK
BLK
BLK
FWD
BLK
BLK
ALT
ALT
ALT
ROOT
ALT
ALT
user@switch> show spanning-tree statistics interface

Interface
ge-0/0/10.0
ge-0/0/11.0
ge-0/0/12.0
ge-0/0/13.0
ge-0/0/14.0
ge-0/0/15.0
BPDUs sent
7
7
7
7
7
7
BPDUs received
5
5
5
4
5
5
Next BPDU
transmission
0
0
0
0
0
0
Test Your Knowledge (1 of 4)

Which switch will be elected the root bridge?
Switch-1
ge-0/0/1.0
Switch-3
Switch-2
ge-0/0/8.0
{master:0}[edit protocols rstp]

user@Switch-3# show
interface all {
priority 16;
cost 2000;
}
Root Bridge
ge-0/0/8.0

user@Switch-1# show
bridge-priority 4k;
cost 1;
}
interface all {
priority 128;
cost 200000;
}
ge-0/0/12.0
Switch-4

user@Switch-2# show
bridge-priority 8k;
cost 1;
}
interface all {
priority 16;
cost 20000;
}

user@Switch-4# show
interface all {
priority 128;
cost 20000;
}

What role and state will be assigned to the various
switch ports?
D F
R F

user@Switch-3# show
interface all {
priority 16;
cost 2000;
}
Switch-2
ge-0/0/1.0
D
F
A
B
D
F
Switch-3
ge-0/0/12.0
Forwarding = F
Blocking = B
Root Port = R
D F
ge-0/0/8.0
Root Bridge
Switch-1
ge-0/0/8.0

user@Switch-1# show
bridge-priority 4k;
cost 1;
}
interface all {
priority 128;
cost 200000;
}
R
F

user@Switch-2# show
bridge-priority 8k;
cost 1;
}
interface all {
priority 16;
cost 20000;
}
A B
Switch-4

user@Switch-4# show
interface all {
priority 128;
cost 20000;
}
Designated Port = D
Alternate Port = A

Assume ge-0/0/8 on Switch-1 has failed, what role
and state will be assigned to the remaining ports?

user@Switch-3# show
interface all {
priority 16;
cost 2000;
}
D
F
D
F
Switch-3
Switch-2
ge-0/0/1.0
R
F
D
ge-0/0/12.0
Forwarding = F
Blocking = B
Root Port = R
D F
ge-0/0/8.0
Root Bridge
Switch-1
ge-0/0/8.0

user@Switch-1# show
bridge-priority 4k;
cost 1;
}
interface all {
priority 128;
cost 200000;
}
A
B

user@Switch-2# show
bridge-priority 8k;
cost 1;
}
interface all {
priority 16;
cost 20000;
}
R F
Switch-4

user@Switch-4# show
interface all {
priority 128;
cost 20000;
}
Designated Port = D
Alternate Port = A

Based on the modified configurations, what role and
state will be assigned to Switch-4s ports?
ge-0/0/1.0

user@Switch-3# show
interface all {
priority 16;
cost 20000;
}
Switch-3
Switch-2

user@Switch-2# show
interface all {
priority 16;
cost 20000;
}
ge-0/0/8.0
Root Bridge
Switch-1
ge-0/0/8.0

user@Switch-1# show
bridge-priority 4k;
interface all {
priority 128;
cost 20000;
}
ge-0/0/12.0
Forwarding = F
Blocking = B
Root Port = R
Designated Port = D
R
F
A B
Switch-4

user@Switch-4# show
priority 32;
}
priority 16;
}
Alternate Port = A

Protection Features
BPDU Protection
Loop Protection
Root Protection
What If?
Given the topology below, what if User A connects a
personal (unauthorized) switch running the spanning
tree protocol to Switch-2?
Part of the spanning tree
Switch-1
BPDUs
User A
User A
Switch-2
Switch-2
Switch-3
Switch-3
BPDUs would be exchanged, a new STP calculation would

occur, and the rogue switch would become part of the
spanning tree, potentially leading to a network outage
BPDU Protection
BPDU protection prevents rogue switches from
connecting to the network and causing undesired
Layer 2 topology changes and possible outages
If a BPDU is received on a protected interface, the interface
is disabled and transitions to the blocking state
Edge port is disabled if BPDU is
received on protected interface
User A
Switch-2
Switch-3
Configuring BPDU Protection

BPDU protection can be enabled on switches whether
or not the spanning tree protocol enabled:
user@Switch-2# show
edge;
}
bpdu-block-on-edge;
Use bpdu-block-on-edge option

when spanning tree protocol is enabled
{master:0}[edit ethernet-switching-options]
user@Switch-2# show
bpdu-block {
interface ge-0/0/6.0;
}
User A
Switch-2
Use bpdu-block option when

spanning tree protocol is not enabled
ge-0/0/6.0
Monitoring BPDU Protection

Before BPDU is received on protected interface
{master:0}
user@Switch-2> show spanning-tree interface ge-0/0/6.0
ge-0/0/6.0
User A
Switch-2

Interface
ge-0/0/6.0
Port ID
128:519
Designated
port ID
128:519
Designated
bridge ID
32768.0019e2516580
Port
Cost
20000
State
Role
FWD
DESG
{master:0}
user@Switch-2> show ethernet-switching interfaces ge-0/0/6.0
Interface
State VLAN members
Tag
Tagging Blocking
ge-0/0/6.0
up
default
untagged unblocked
Before BPDU violation
After BPDU is received on protected interface

{master:0}
user@Switch-2> show spanning-tree interface ge-0/0/6.0
After BPDU violation
{master:0}
user@Switch-2> show ethernet-switching interfaces ge-0/0/6.0
Interface
State VLAN members
Tag
Tagging Blocking
ge-0/0/6.0
down
default
untagged Disabled by bpdu-control
{master:0}
user@Switch-2> clear ethernet-switching bpdu-error interface ge-0/0/6.0
Re-enables interface

Protection Features
BPDU Protection
Loop Protection
Root Protection
What If?
Given the topology below, what if BPDUs sent by
Switch-2 were not received by Switch-3?
Layer 2 Loop
R
Switch-2
BPDUs not received due to a

uni-directional link failure or a
software configuration issue
Switch-3
Switch-2
A
D
Switch-3
Switch-3 waits until the max-age timer expires then

transitions its alternate port to the designated port
role and the forwarding state thus removing the
blocked port and causing a Layer 2 loop
Loop Protection
The loop protection feature provides additional
protection against Layer 2 loops by preventing nondesignated ports from becoming designated ports
Enable loop protection on all non-designated ports
Ports that detect the loss of BPDUs transition to the loop
inconsistent role which maintains the blocking state
Port automatically transitions back to previous or new role when it
receives a BPDU
D D
Loop
Protection
R
D
Switch-2
R
A
Switch-3
Configuring Loop Protection

Configure loop protection on non-designated ports
(root and alternate ports):
user@Switch-3# show
bpdu-timeout-action {
block;
}
}
bpdu-timeout-action {
block;
}
}
Loop Protection
Use the block or alarm action in

conjunction with the loop protection feature
ge-0/0/12.0
Switch-2
Switch-3
Monitoring Loop Protection

When BPDUs are received on protected interface:
{master:0}
user@Switch-3> show spanning-tree interface
Interface
ge-0/0/10.0
ge-0/0/12.0
Port ID
128:523
128:525
Designated
port ID
128:523
128:525
Designated
bridge ID
4096.002688027490
16384.0019e2516580
Port
Cost
20000
20000
State
Role
FWD
BLK
ROOT
ALT
Port
Cost
20000
20000
State
Role
FWD
BLK
ROOT
DIS (Loop-Incon)
When BPDUs are not received on protected interface:

{master:0}
Interface
ge-0/0/10.0
ge-0/0/12.0
Port ID
128:523
128:525
Designated
port ID
128:523
128:525
Designated
bridge ID
4096.002688027490
32768.0019e2553600

Protection Features
BPDU Protection
Loop Protection
Root Protection
What If?
Given the topology and details below, what if a rogue
switch with a bridge priority of 4K was connected to
the Layer 2 network?
Priority = 8k
New root bridge
Aggregation
BPDUs
Access
Switch-2
Priority = 32k
Switch-1
Switch-3
Priority = 32k
Switch-2
Switch-3
BPDUs would be exchanged, a new STP calculation

would occur, and the rogue switch would become the
new root bridge potentially leading to a network outage
Root Protection
Enable root protection to avoid unwanted STP
topology changes and root bridge placement
If a superior BPDU is received on a protected interface, the
interface is disabled and transitions to the blocking state
Priority = 4k
Switch-2
Priority = 8k
Root protection is typically configured

on the ports of aggregation switches
that connect to access switches
Aggregation
Access
Switch-3
Priority = 32k
Switch-4
Priority = 32k
Switch-5
Priority = 32k
Configuring Root Protection

Enable root protection on ports that should not
receive superior BPDUs from the root bridge and
should not be elected as the root port:
user@Switch-1# show
bridge-priority 4k;
interface all {
no-root-port;
}

Priority = 4k
ge-0/0/12.0
ge-0/0/13.0
Switch-2
Priority = 8k

user@Switch-2# show
bridge-priority 8k;
no-root-port;
}
no-root-port;
}
no-root-port;
}
Aggregation
Access
Switch-3
Priority = 32k
Switch-4
Priority = 32k
Switch-5
Priority = 32k
Monitoring Root Protection

Before superior BPDU is received on protected interface
{master:0}

Interface
ge-0/0/6.0
ge-0/0/7.0
ge-0/0/8.0
ge-0/0/12.0
ge-0/0/13.0
Port ID
128:519
128:520
128:521
128:525
128:526
Designated
port ID
128:519
128:520
128:521
128:525
128:526
Designated
bridge ID
4096.0019e2516580
4096.0019e2516580
4096.0019e2516580
4096.0019e2516580
4096.0019e2516580
Port
Cost
20000
20000
20000
20000
20000
State
Role
FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
DESG
DESG
DESG
DESG
DESG

Priority = 4k
After superior BPDU is received on protected interface

{master:0}

Interface
ge-0/0/6.0
ge-0/0/7.0
ge-0/0/8.0
ge-0/0/12.0
ge-0/0/13.0
Port ID
128:519
128:520
128:521
128:525
128:526
Designated
port ID
128:519
128:520
128:521
128:525
128:526
Designated
bridge ID
0.002688027490
4096.0019e2516580
4096.0019e2516580
4096.0019e2516580
4096.0019e2516580
Port
Cost
20000
20000
20000
20000
20000
State
Role
BLK
FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
ALT (Root-Incon)
DESG
DESG
DESG
DESG
Summary
In this chapter, we:
Explained when a spanning tree is required
Described STP and RSTP operations
Listed some advantages of using RSTP over STP
Configured and monitored RSTP
Described the BPDU, loop, and root protection features
Configured and monitored the BPDU, loop, and root
protection features
Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the purpose of STP?

Describe how to build a spanning tree.
How are STP and RSTP different?
What is the purpose of the BPDU protection feature?
Lab 3: Implementing Spanning Tree

Configure and monitor RSTP and protection features.

JEX 11.a C4 SpanningTree

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Junos Enterprise Switching

Chapter 4: Spanning Tree

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Agenda: Spanning Tree

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Test Your Knowledge

Both switches would flood the frames out all

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Spanning Tree Protocol

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How Does it Work?

Switches exchange bridge protocol data units (BPDUs)

Switch-1 (Root Bridge)

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Terms and Concepts (1 of 2)

Port cost: Every interface on a bridge has an assigned port

The default value is 20000 for 1 Gigabit Ethernet

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Terms and Concepts (2 of 2)

Bridge protocol data unit: Packets used to exchange

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BPDUEthernet Frame Format

Source Address: MAC of the outgoing

LLC Header: DSAP and SSAP = 0x42

Topology change notification (TCN) BPDUs

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Port Priority: Used as the tiebreaker to

Port Number: The ID of

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Root Path Cost

Root ID: A unique ID of the bridge that the

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Bridge Address: The unique MAC

Building a Spanning Tree (1 of 3)

Root bridge is elected based on BPDU information:

Switch-1 is elected as the root

Building a Spanning Tree (2 of 3)

F,R = Forwarding and root port

Building a Spanning Tree (3 of 3)

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Port leaves forwarding state

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Agenda: Spanning Tree

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Root bridge is responsible for communicating the current

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Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

Allows for rapid recovery from failures

Direct and indirect link failure and recovery

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RSTP Port Roles

Switch-1 (Root Bridge)