P2 Knowledge Test Answers Higher Tier

1. Rubbing / friction transfers electrons

2. repel
3. Balloon is negatively charged, it repels the electrons in the wall, it is
attracted to the positive charge left in the wall.
4. The comb becomes negatively charged. It repels the negative charges in
the paper meaning the positive charge is attracted to the comb which is
why the paper is picked up.
5. As the clouds move past each other, charge builds up. Eventually the
charge gets so large that it discharges through the atmosphere to Earth
which is the lightening.
6. You have become charged. The electrons flow through you to the object to
Earth.
7. Electrons can pass down the earthing cable when charge builds up so
there isnt a spark. Or the user doesnt receive a shock.
8. Paint spraying, insecticide spraying
9. Charge can build up as the fuel flows along the pipe. This could potentially
discharge as a spark to Earth setting the fuel on fire.
10.The flow of charge, the flow of electrons
11.direct current
12.In series, current, Amps
13.Increase
14.In parallel, voltage or p.d., volts
15.the energy transferred per unit charge/1 joule per coulomb
16.Reduces current because it is more difficult for the electrons to flow.
17.2x10=20V
18.Resistance increases, current decreases.
19.Resistance decreases, current increases.
20.Heats up because there are collisions between electrons and the ions in
the lattice.
21.Heating element in kettle, fire etc.
22.Quantities that have direction and size. Displacement, velocity,
acceleration, force
23.A-B Constant Speed, B-C Stationary, C-D Accelerating, D-E Stationary, E-F
Constant speed
24.2m/s
25.A-B Accelerating, B-C Constant Speed, C-D Accelerating, D-E Constant
Speed, E-F Decelerating, F-G Constant Speed, G-H Accelerating
26.C-D
27. 120m

28.

29.Equal and opposite

30.Stay at rest, or continue at a steady speed
31.Accelerate or decelerate
32.size of resultant force, mass of object
33.At the same rate/speed
34.1 - increasing speed increases air resistance. 2 - Air resistance increases
until it is equal to the weight of the falling object. 3 - When the two forces
are balanced, acceleration is zero and terminal velocity reached.
35.Thinking distance and breaking distance
36.mass, speed, reaction time, state of breaks, state of tyres/friction between
road and tyre, state of the road
37.When a moving object collides with another object The momentum before
the collision will be the same as the momentum after the collision.
38.Increase the time taken for the object to stop thereby reducing the rate of
change of momentum.
39.Rate of doing work
40.1 joule per second
41.Mass number = 14 = protons + neutrons, Atomic number = 6 = protons
42.Loss of electrons
43.alpha - helium nucleus/2p + 2n beta - high speed electron
44.alpha, gamma
45.2 daughter nuclei and 2 neutrons and lots of energy released
46.When some of the neutrons released by the fission of Uranium 235 are
absorbed by other materials, meaning that only one of the two neutrons
released goes on to be absorbed by another Uranium 235 nucleus, limiting
the amount of energy released.
47.Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large nucleus whereas fusion is the
joining of small nuclei
48.Control rods - absorb neutrons. Moderator - slows down neutrons.
49.Heat energy transferred to a coolant which is usually water. This superheated water is pumped to a heat exchanger where it is used to generate
steam. The steam turns a turbine, which turns a generator which turns
kinetic energy into electrical energy.
50.They're radioactive
51.the creation of large nuclei from smaller nuclei accompanied by the
release of lots of energy
52.Nuclear fusion

53.It is need to overcome the electrostatic repulsion of protons.

54.Because of the cost of maintaining high temperature and high pressures
make it uneconomic.
55.tissue damage, possible mutations in DNA
56.Scientists became aware of the hazards and risks.
57.Stored in concrete, steel and glass containers.
58.No CO2 released
59.Container could fall back to earth. Container could corrode and leak.

60.
61.Becquerel (Bq)
62.The time taken for half the undecayed nuclei to decay.
63.The natural radiation level around us from Space, ground and rocks, radon
gas.
64.A detector counts the rate at which beta particles pass through the paper.
If it is too high or too low the paper isnt the right thickness.
65.Alpha particles from Americum-241 ionise the air to make ions and
electrons. A current flows between two charged plates. When smoke gets
in the air gaps, the current falls and sounds the alarm.