Stat 200 Exam 2B

Chpt. 4 & 5
100 Points

ANSWER KEY
Name

SHOW ALL WORK FOR FULL CREDIT! Simplify answers where appropriate.
1. (12 points) Twelve numbered balls (1 12) are placed in an urn.
a. One ball is drawn from the urn. What is the probability that the number on the ball is less than 5
or greater than 9?

Since these are mutually exclusive events:

P(<5 or >9)=P(<5)+P(>9)
4
3
7
=
+
=
0.583 or 58.3%
12 12 12
b. Two balls are drawn from the urn without replacement. What is the probability that the
numbers on both of the balls are less than 8?

These are dependent events since draws are without replacement. Thus:
P(1st<8 and 2nd<8)=P(1st<8)P(2nd<8|1st<8)
7 6
7
= = 0.318 or 31.8%
12 11 22
c. Two balls are drawn from the urn, without replacement. What is the probability that the sum
of the numbers on the balls is greater than 23?

P(sum>23) = 0 since the largest possible sum is 12+11=23.

For an event that cannot occur, P(E)=0.

2. (6 points) In a certain neighborhood, 34% of the households have a dog; and 11% of the
households have a dog and a cat. If a household is selected at random, find the probability that it has
a cat, given that it has a dog.

(C|D) =

P(C&D) 0.11
=
0.324 or 32.4%
P(D)
0.34

Stat 200 Exam 2A: Chpt. 3 & 4

Pg. 1

3. (9 points) Jason plans to visit 5 haunted houses and go see 2 horror movies in the week leading
up to Halloween, doing one event each day.
a. How many different ways can this be done?

7P7 =

7!
= 7! = 5040
0!
(Or use Fundamental Counting Rule)

b. Suppose Jason wants to see the horror movies on the first and last day of the week, and visit
the haunted houses on the days in between. Then how many different ways can this be done?

M
H
H
H
H
H
M
2 5 4 3 2 1 1 = 240

4. (11 points) A chef has a list of 8 meat entrees and 6 seafood entrees.
a. How many different ways are there for the chef to select 5 entrees, if the order does not
matter?
14C5 =

14!
14 13 12 11 10
=
= 2002
9! 5!
54321

b. If the chef randomly selects 5 entrees, what is the probability that she will choose 2 meat
entrees and 3 seafood entrees?
The number of ways to choose 2 meat and 3 seafood entrees is:

( 8C2 )( 6C3 ) =

8!
6!

= 28 20 = 560
6! 2! 3! 3!

Then, using the result from (a) above, the probability of selecting 2 meat entrees and 3
seafood entrees is:

(2M&3S) =

560
40
=
0.280 or 28%
2002 143

Stat 200 Exam 2A: Chpt. 3 & 4

Pg. 2

5. (15 points) Halloween treat bags for a school party are filled with either a candy bar or a granola
bar; and either a lollipop, a pack of gum, or a pack of fruit snacks. The available bags are
summarized in the table below:
Lollipop

Gum

Fruit snacks

TOTALS

Candy bar

17

28

Granola bar

25

11

15

42

39

51
45
96

TOTALS

Use the table to find the following probabilities:

a. If a bag is selected at random, what is the probability that it has a lollipop or fruit snacks?

Since these are mutually exclusive:

P lollipop or fruit snacks P lollipop P fruit snacks

15 39 54 9

0.5625 or 56.25%
96 96 96 16

b. If a bag is selected at random, what is the probability that it has a lollipop given that it has a
candy bar?

P lollipop | candy bar

P lollipop and candy bar

P candy bar
6 96
6
2

0.1176 or 11.76%
51 96 51 17

c. If a bag is selected at random, what is the probability that it has gum or a granola bar?

Since these are not mutually exclusive:

P gum or granola bar P gum P granola bar P gum and granola bar

42 45 25 62 31

0.6458 or 64.58%
96 96 96 96 48

Stat 200 Exam 2A: Chpt. 3 & 4

Pg. 3

6. (8 points) A game is set up as follows: a player rolls a standard die one time. If a 1 or a 2 is rolled,
the player wins $18. If a 3, 4 or 5 is rolled, the player wins $8. If a 6 is rolled, the player loses $30.
How much should be charged to play this game in order for it to be a fair game?

The expected value of one roll of the die is:

2
3
1
E(X) = $18 + $8 $30
6
6
6
= $6 + $4 $5 = $5
Therefore, to be a fair game, the charge should be $5 per play.
7. (15 points) The probability that a child has a food allergy is 0.41.
a. A child is selected at random. What is the probability that the child does not have a food
allergy?

P no allergy 1 P allergy 1 0.41 0.59

b. If three children are selected at random, find the probability that all three have a food allergy.

P 3 allergies 0.413 0.0689 or 6.89%

Alternatively, could use Binomial Probability Formula with X=3, n=3, p=0.41:

P 3

3!
0.413 0.59 0
0!3!

1 0.413 1 0.0.689 or 6.89%

c. If 6 children are selected at random, find the probability that exactly two of them will have a
food allergy.
Using the Binomial Probability Formula, with X 2, n 6, and p 0.41:

P 2

6!
0.412 0.59 4
4!2!

15 0.412 0.59 4 0.3055 or 30.55 %

Stat 200 Exam 2A: Chpt. 3 & 4
Pg. 4

8. (14 points) An auto mechanic checks the air pressure of the tires on each car he works on. The
probability distribution for the number of tires that have low air pressure is given below:

0
P(x), probability 0.28

x, # of applications

1
0.35

2
0.17

3
0.12

4
0.08

a. What is the probability that a car will have 2 or 3 tires that have low air pressure?

(X = 2 or X = 3) = (2) + (3)
= 0.17 + 0.12 = 0.29 or 29%
b. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation for this probability distribution.

= ()
= 0(0.28) + 1(0.35) + 2(0.17) + 3(0.12) + 4(0.08)
= 1.37

2 = 2 () 2
= 0(0.28) + 1(0.35) + 4(0.17) + 9(0.12) + 16(0.08)
1.372
= 3.39 1.372 1.51

= 2 = 1.51 1.23

Stat 200 Exam 2A: Chpt. 3 & 4

Pg. 5

9. (10 points) The probability that a randomly selected customer at a bagel shop orders cream
cheese on their bagel is 38%. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of
customers who order cream cheese in a sample of 80 customers.

= = 80(0.38) = 30.4

2 = = 80(0.38)(0.62) 18.8

= 2 = 18.8 4.3

BONUS (up to 5 points): Urn #1 contains 7 red and 2 yellow balls. Urn #2 contains 5 red and 4 yellow
balls. A die is thrown. If the die shows anything other than a 6, a ball is drawn out of urn #1. If the die
shows a 6, a ball is drawn out of urn #2. Find the probability that a yellow ball is drawn.
The probability of drawing a yellow ball is the probability of: either rolling 1 5 and drawing yellow
from urn #1, or rolling a 6 and drawing yellow from urn #2. These are mutually exclusive
outcomes. Thus:

P(Y)=P(1 5 & Urn1 Y)+P(6 & Urn2 Y)

=P(1 5) (Y|1 5)+P(6) (Y|6)
5 2 1 4 5 1 1 2 5
2
= + = + = +
6 9 6 9 3 9 3 9 27 27
7
= 0.2593 or about 26%
27

Stat 200 Exam 2A: Chpt. 3 & 4

Pg. 6