HEDONISM

GROUP 2
Cruz, Anthony
Dar, Biel Ross
Dela Cruz, Mark Jed T.
Dela Cruz, Patrick Jan T.
Delos Santos, Nick Nestor L.
Dimaano, Carlito Jr.
Dimaculangan, Eula Marie R.
Escalante, John
Escover, Jhealuz
DEFINITION OF HEDOISM
Jhealuz Escover
What is intrinsic goodness?
 WHAT IS INTRINSIC GOOD?

Something is not a means of another

thus it doesnt create certain results or
reward

Distinguished by series of why

question until a nonsense answer is
attained (happiness, truth and life)
 WHAT IS INSTRUMENTAL GOOD?

Something considered as a
means to some other good

Answers a series of
why question
 EXAMPLE

Education wealth success Happiness

Being alive = instrumental good

-This is because not being alive cause
happiness such as those who live under
respirator thus it is undesirable for ones
sake
 HEDONISM

From Greek word hdon which means

PLEASURE
It is about what is GOOD for us, how we should
BEHAVE, and what MOTIVATES us to behave
Ultimate importance in a phenomena is to identify
HAPPINESS and PAIN
Western : happiness is the goal
Eastern: happiness is the end-product of proper
behavior
TYPES OF HEDONISM
Jhealuz Escover
 FOLK HEDONISM

Ones pleasure is short-termed thus considered

as misrepresentation of hedonism

It is the seek for pleasure even if indulges lead

to problems, regrets or sadness for themselves
and others

Does not account ones WELL-BEING

 VALUE HEDONISM

Core and foundation of all hedonistic theories

Theory of value which states that ALL and

ONLY pleasure is intrinsically good and ALL
and only PAIN is intrinsically not valuable

It reduces everything of value to pleasure

 PRUDENTIAL HEDONISM

Theory of well-being which is more specific than

value hedonism for it stipulates what the value is for

Defines happiness as a state where PLEASURE

OUTWEIGHS PAIN

All and ONLY pleasure intrinsically makes peoples

lives go better for them and ALL and ONLY pain
intrinsically makes their live go worse
 MOTIVATIONAL HEDONISM

Also known as PSYCHOLOGICAL HEDONISM

Descriptive theory which states that it is

NATURAL for a person to seek pleasure

Pleasure and pain are the MOTIVATORS or

DRIVNG FACTORS that influences all our
behavior
 NORMATIVE HEDONISM

Known as ETHICAL HEDONISM

Prescriptive theory which states that whether or

not a person pursue happiness, they SHOULD or
OUGHT to do so

Happiness is the sole criterion in determining

what is morally right or wrong
 A.) HEDONISTIC EGOISM

Theory that we should, morally speaking,

do whatever is most in our won interest or
whatever makes us happiest

Does not accredit any value to the

consequence of ones action for anyone
rather than himself
 B.) HEDONISTIC UTILITARIANISM

Theory that right action is the one that

produces the greatest net happiness

Pleasure and pain are not merely physical ones

but also psychological ones

Fairer than hedonistic egoism since happiness

of EVERYONE is accounted and of EQUAL
WEIGHT
ORIGIN OF HEDONISM
Arlee Dimaano
 Founder: Aristuppus of Cyrene
taught that that the goal of life
was to seek pleasure by adapting
circumstances to oneself and by
maintaining proper control over
both adversity and prosperity.
While he believed that men
should dedicate their lives to the
pursuit and enjoyment of
pleasure, he also believed that
they should use good judgment
and exercise self-control to
temper powerful human desires.

I possess, I am not possessed

Aristippus, 4th Century BC
 Epicureanism
Form of ancient
hedonism
Founder: Epicurus
 A LETTER TO MENOECEUS

We recognize pleasure
as the first good innate
in us, and from pleasure
we begin every act of
choice and avoidance,
and to pleasure we
return again, using the
feeling as the standard
by which we judge every
good.
DEVELOPMENT OF HEDONISM
Arlee Dimaano
 MIDDLE AGES

Christian philosophers largely

denounced Hedonism
Developing Christian virtues of faith,
hope, and charity
Renaissance philosophers revived
hedonism
 17TH 19TH CENTURY

Libertinism is related to Hedonism

By 2nd Earl of Rochester (1647 - 1680),
the Marquis de Sade (1740 -1814) and
the occultist Aleister Crowley (1875
1947).

19th Century developed and refined

hedonism = UTILITARIANISM
HEDONISM: PROS AND CONS

Anthony Cruz and Nick Delos Santos

 PROS: ARGUMENTS FOR
HEDONISM

The Definition of Pleasure is Subjective

All that is in excess can be harmful to

you(Epicureanism)
- tranquility and freedom from fear and
absence of bodily pain through knowledge of
the workings of the world and the limits of
our desires
 PROS: ARGUMENTS FOR
HEDONISM

Explores how to use the brains

and bodys capacities to the fullest
extent

It is what makes a persons life

go best
 NON-NECESSITY OBJECTIONS

Pleasure is not necessary for

positive importance.
Pleasure is not the Only source of
Intrinsic Value
 INSUFFICIENCY OBJECTIONS

Rejection of the idea that all

pleasure is good, or that all
displeasure is bad, or both claims.
Some pleasure are not valuable.
 THERE IS NO COHERENT AND
UNIFYING DEFINITION OF PLEASURE

The first obstacle for a useful definition of

pleasure for hedonism is to unify all of the
dive
When the definition of pleasure is stretched, it
becomes much less recognizable as the
concept of pleasure we use in day-to-day life
and its intrinsic value becomes much less
intuitive.rse pleasures in a reasonable way.
UTILITARIANISM
Mark Jed Dela Cruz
 BASIC INSIGHTS OF
UTILITARIANISM

The purpose of morality is to make the

world a better place
Morality is about producing good
consequences, not having good intentions
Doing whatever will bring the most
benefit to all of humanity
 PURPOSE OF MORALITY

The purpose of morality is to

guide peoples actions in such
a way as to produce a better
world.
 EMPHASIS

Consequences not Intentions.

TYPES OF UTILITARIANISM
Patrick Dela Cruz
 TYPES OF UTILITARIANISM

Act Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
Negative Utilitarianism
Preference Utilitarianism
 ACT UTILITARIANISM

To judge each individual action on its

outcome/results alone.

If it is a choice between two courses of

action we are morally obliged to take the one
which yields the most happiness for the most
people.

Example: Child labour

 RULE UTILITARIANISM

Not concerned with assessing individual acts

but the utility of a rule for action.

If everyone were to obey this rule, would

the general happiness be maximised?

Example: Wearing of school uniforms

 NEGATIVE UTILITARIANISM

Focused on promoting the least

amount of evil or harm for the greatest
number.

There are more ways to do harm than

good

Example: Mercy Killing

 PREFERENCE UTILITARIANISM

Good or happiness is maximized if

ones preference is fulfilled.

To maximize the satisfaction of the

preferences of all those involved is good

Example: Eating with friends on diet

ACT AND RULE UTILITARIANISM:
PROS AND CONS
John Escalante and Eula Marie Dimaculangan
 ACT UTILITARIANISM:
PROS AND CONS
Eula Marie R. Dimaculangan
 ACT UTILITARIANISM PROS

It maximizes utility we can

maximize the overall utility that is
within our power to bring about
by maximizing the utility of each
individual action that we perform.
 ACT UTILITARIANISM PROS

Act Utilitarianism is better

than traditional, rule-based
moralities
 ACT UTILITARIANISM PROS

Act Utilitarianism makes

moral judgments
objectively true
 ACT UTILITARIANISM CONS

The Wrong Answers

Objections

Example: A doctor saving 5 people and

killing one healthy person
 ACT UTILITARIANISM CONS

The Undermining Trust

Objections
 ACT UTILITARIANISM CONS

Partiality and
the Too Demanding
Objections
RULE UTILITARIANISM:
PROS AND CONS
John Escalante
 RULE UTILITARIANISM PROS

It maximizes utility We can

produce more beneficial results
by following rules than by
always performing individual
actions whose results are as
beneficial as possible.
 RULE UTILITARIANISM PROS

Maintains trust Unlike act

utilitarianism whose action is
evaluated on a case to case basis
which makes the end result
unpredictable , rule utilitarianism is
committed to rules which gives us an
idea of how the person is likely to
behave.
 RULE UTILITARIANISM PROS

Not as demanding as act

utilitarianism Act utilitarianism
tells you to always do things that
will produce the best results
whereas rule utilitarianism tell you
to do what is on the rules.
 RULE UTILITARIANISM CONS

The rule worship

objection what if more
good can be done by
violating the rule?
 RULE UTILITARIANISM CONS

It does not support important

moral ideas instead, it just
focuses on the amount of
utility that rule generates.
EFFECT OF HEDONISM AND
UTILITARIANISM IN SOCIETY

Biel Ross Dar

 UTILITARIANISM

Law:
Reasons for Punishment:
Halt further crime by means of changing the criminal
Protect the society from the criminal
Discourage to commit crimes by being frightened of the punishment
Politics:
Government and sanctity of a person revolves around their utility
Democracy
Economics:
Welfare Economics - evaluate economic policies based on their effects
on the well-being of the public
 HEDONISM

Most Popular form of

Hedonistic Activities:
Sexual Gratification
Consumption of Alcohol
Consumption of Drugs
Thank you for
listening!