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3. HYDROLOGY
3.3 General
This section contains an overview of the hydrology of the Durlun Khola catchment at the
proposed intake site.
The main objective of the hydrological study is to study rainfall pattern, pertain discharging
capacity of the catchment, predict design discharge of the river, and acquire
sedimentology information at the proposed intake site.
In the case of Durlun Khola, there are no flow or rainfall records around the intake area.
However there is processed long term stream flow data available in the hydrological
similar catchments for a gauging station established by Department of Hydrology and
Meteorology (DHM) at Rosi. Hence, care should be taken to predict the flow available in
the river. Other empirical methods used in case of ungauged river can also be used to
compute the flow.
The estimation of hydrological parameters for Durlun Khola Hydroelectric Project (DKHEP)
is based on the combination of above mentioned methods. The flow is obtained from
correlation with flow measured in Rosi Khola at Panauti, the gauged river in the vicinity
and empirical methods.
The Khola gradient is 1:10 at the proposed headworks area. The width of the Khola at the
proposed intake varies between 10 m to 25 m.
Durlun Khola is an ungauged river. DHM data are available at the nearby hydrological
similar catchment of Rosi Khola with same physiographic and climatologically
characteristics. The station was established in 1964 . The catchment is covered with hills
with highest elevation of 2740 masl. Hence, all area lies below 3000 masl. The hills are
covered with forests and very little plain land is available for cultivation. The river bed is
gently sloping towards north -south direction.
The catchment characteristics of the Gauging Station 640 (Rosi Khola) and the proposed
intake site
Table 3.1 Characteristics of the Durlun Khola catchment at the proposed intake site
within this catchment so hydrological similar catchment of Rosi Khola is taken for
catchment coorelation. Though Durlun khola is a tributary of Bagmati River and Bagmati
River is gauged river, coorelation with Bagmati is not done due to lage catchment of
BAgmati River and different climatological and physiographic patern of drainage. Rosi
Khola is located near by catchment of Durlun and both are rainfed catchments with
elevations ranging less than 3000 m. The published mean monthly data covers the period
between 1964 and 1987. The stream flow data for Station at Rosi station (st.640) is
presented in Error! Reference source not found..
Table 3.2 Monthly flow data at Gauging Station 640 at Rosi khola
Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1964 1.22 0.9 0.84 0.79 1.24 1.04 3.25 4.01 5.56 3.51 2.14 1.43
1965 1.13 0.96 0.81 0.77 0.67 1.18 4.6 7.25 3.74 2.26 1.81 1.39
1966 1.25 1.07 0.93 0.82 0.74 0.81 3.96 9.26 5.02 2.03 1.71 1.54
1967 1.13 0.9 0.93 0.72 0.59 1.15 4.05 5.26 3.86 2.48 1.78 1.4
1968 1.34 1.11 1.07 0.78 0.76 1.94 7.67 8.85 4.79 7.14 2.46 1.68
1969 1.27 0.94 0.85 0.74 0.78 0.73 2.5 4.01 3.23 2.15 1.45 1.22
1970 1.06 0.99 0.86 0.75 0.53 0.81 3.46 7.21 3.62 2.72 1.75 1.28
1971 1.08 0.81 0.71 0.9 1.42 8.86 5.39 7.58 3.11 2.36 1.65 1.37
1972 1.21 1.23 1.07 0.87 0.86 1.18 4.49 4.49 5.06 3.13 2.25 1.5
1973 1.27 1.22 1.2 0.95 1.14 4.51 5.16 7.82 6.51 8.58 2.76 2
1974 1.61 1.31 1.1 0.98 1.2 0.89 5.32 7.85 7.97 3.39 2.32 1.9
1975 1.61 1.44 1.18 1.05 1.01 1.33 8.9 7.7 6.54 3.92 2.41 2
1976 1.57 1.39 1.22 1.2 1.57 2.39 4.39 6.8 7.24 3.55 2.38 1.92
1977 1.63 1.46 1.33 1.19 1.4 1.83 3.1 3.66 2.79 2.1 1.35 1.23
1978 1.13 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.86 3.12 8.79 9.74 3.33 2.43 1.04 0.78
1979 0.74 0.64 0.58 0.55 0.45 0.68 3 3.76 1.81 1.21 1.2 1.21
1980 1.07 1.08 1.16 1 0.77 2.16 3.37 4.32 3.42 2.54 2.05 1.67
1983 0.85 0.78 0.74 0.7 0.77 0.52 2.58 3.03 5.32 3.98 2.22 1.6
1984 1.3 1.08 0.84 0.76 0.73 0.89 4.43 4.85 10.6 4.67 2.98 2.35
1985 1.98 1.7 1.46 1.42 1.59 1.99 8.81 9.26 7.82 5.63 2.88 1.97
1986 1.5 1.12 0.95 0.84 0.54 1.39 2.05 2.42 4.45 3.52 2.21 1.89
1987 1.54 1.38 1.14 0.82 0.83 0.67 4.15 4.71 3.63 3.4 2.76 2.08
The datas after 1987 is not available from DHM and it is observed that the flows as there is
no considerable variation in flows from 1964-1987(i.e about 23 years ),the considering the
same pattern of flow till today, the same general hydrology datas of Rosi khola is
considered for further calculation of discharge of Durlun Khola at intake site.
Detail discussion on the analysis of different stream flow data is discussed in Section 3.6
and Table 3.3 presents the summary of gauging stations in the vicinity of the Durlun Khola
HEP.
Table 3.3 Gauging stations near the Durlun Khola SHP catchment
Station number River name Location Elevation(m) Period of record
640 Rosi Khola Panauti 1849 1964-1987
Table 3.4 Rain gauge station near the proposed Durlun Khola small hydropower
project
Name of Location Annual Records
Station Elevation, m
Station Latitude Longitude precipitation mm Length
1022 Godavari 27.58 N 85.40 E 1400 1875 43
1049 Khopasi 27.58 N 85.52 E 1517 1377 25
1117 Hariharpur 27.33 N 85.50 E 250 2383 18
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Discharge
(m3/sec) 0.97 0.83 0.74 0.66 0.69 1.36 3.51 4.54 3.71 2.60 1.55 1.20
Exceedence
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Discharge
3
(m /s) 5.74 3.95 3.29 2.71 2.42 2.09 1.78 1.51 1.45 1.25
Exceedence
55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100%
Discharge
3
(m /s) 1.10 1.01 0.91 0.87 0.80 0.70 0.63 0.58 0.55 0.34
From the above datas obtained, Log Pearson III is adopted as a flood flows for the purpose.
3.6 Rating Curves
With the cross sections taken at weir axis and power house axis, rating curves has been
developed.The rating curves at the intake and power house sites have been developed
with the aid of Flow master computer software.
As the river reach at the damsite area is very steep with slope of 1 in 10 in the river
Mannings n value of 0.045 has been assumed for the hydraulic analysis. By using the
Manning's coefficient of 0.045 for higher discharges, the estimated water levels for the
high discharges are conservative. At the powerhouse site, a Mannings n of 0.045 has
been used.
The rating curves are shown in Figure 3.3 and 3.4 for the damsite and powerhouse site
respectively. The 100 yr flood level at downstream of the weir site and at the tailrace
outlet site is Elevation 499.80 m and Elevation 423m respectively. It is recommended that
the daily river water levels at both sites be observed and to study the variations of water
levels with corresponding flows.