UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.

LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Part-1
LIST OF PROTECTIONS

1) 132 kV Ramnagar line protection

a) REL 511 (distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G
c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay
d) RXEG 27P Under Voltage Protection Relay
e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

2) 132 kV Kashipur-1 line protection

a) REL 511 (distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G
c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay
d) RXEG 27P Under Voltage Protection Relay
e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

3) 132 kV Kashipur-2 line protection

a) REL 511 (distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G
c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay
d) RXEG 27P Under Voltage Protection Relay
e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

4) 132 kV Baspur Nagar line protection

a) REL 511(distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G
c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay
d) RXEG 27P Under Voltage Protection Relay
e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

5) 400kV Rishikesh line protection

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 1/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

a) REL 521(distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G
c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay
d) RXEG 27P Under Voltage Protection Relay
e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay
f) LZ96 Distance Relay

6) 400kV Moradabad line protection

a) REL 521(distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G
c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay
d) RXEG 27P Under Voltage Protection Relay
e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay
f) LZ96 Distance Relay

7) 220kV Haldwani line protection

a) REL 521(distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G
c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay
d) RXEG 27P Under Voltage Protection Relay
e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay
f) LZ96 Distance Relay

8) 220 kV Almora line protection

a) REL 521(distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G
c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay
d) RXEG 27P Under Voltage Protection Relay
e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay
f) LZ96 Distance Relay

1 (a) REL 511 (21) - RAMNAGAR FEEDER

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 132 kV

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 2/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

2)Line length - 18.56 Km

3)Max power flow in the line
4)Positive sequence resistance
5)Positive sequence reactance
6)Zero sequence resistance
7)Zero sequence reactance
- 1301.14 MVA
- 0.16221744 ohms/km
- 0.386116 ohms/km
- 0.405631 ohms/km
- 1.622174 ohms/km

B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 1000A
2)CT secondary rating - 1A
3)PT primary rating - 145000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.1 MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.1 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

D)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms (Assumed)
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms (Assumed)

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (1000/1) /(145000/110)
= 0.758621
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.16221744 x 18.56 x 0.758621
= 2.2840 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.386116 x 18.56 x 0.758621
= 5.4365 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.405631 x 18.56 x 0.758621
= 5.7112 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.622174 x 18.56 x 0.758621
= 22.8402 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-earth faults , Rfe = 20 x 0.758621

= 15.1724 ohms
Fault resistance in secondary for phase-phase faults , Rf p = 5 x 0.758621
= 3.7931 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 3/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction
Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,
RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,
RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Checked by Nagendra
Prepared by Sarith Madhu
Issued by
UASE
= 0.8 x 2.2840
= 1.8272 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 5.4365
= 4.3492 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 5.7112
= 4.56896 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 22.8402
= 18.2722 ohms/phase
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931, 4.3492 x 0.4663 + 1.8272) , 3 x 4.3492}
= 2 x Min {3.855232 , 13.0476 }
= 7.7104 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 4.3492 x 0.4663 +1.8272) , 4.5 x 4.3492}
= Min { 15.1724 , 19.5714 }
= 15.1724 ohms / loop
= 2.2840 + 0.2 x 2.2840
= 2.7408 ohms/phase
= 5.4365+ 0.2 x 5.4365
= 6.5238 ohms/phase
= 5.7112 + 0.2 x 5.7112
= 6.8534 ohms/phase
= 22.8402 + 0.2 x 22.8402
= 27.4082 ohms/phase
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 6.5238 x 0.4663 + 2.7408) , 3 x 6.5238}
= 2 x Min { 5.7828 , 19.5714 }
= 11.5696 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 6.5238 x 0.4663 + 2.7408) , 4.5 x 6.5238}
= Min { 15.1724 , 29.3571 }
= 15.1724 ohms/ loop
Description
UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 4/70
Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS
Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,
RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-4 setting (reverse)
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,
RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
General Fault Criteria (GFC)
Checked by Nagendra
Prepared by Sarith Madhu
Issued by
UASE
= 2.2840+2.2840
= 4.568 ohms/phase
= 5.4365+5.4365
= 10.873 ohms/phase
= 5.7112+5.7112
= 11.4224 ohms/phase
= 22.8402+22.8402
= 45.6804 ohms/phase
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 10.873 x 0.4663 + 4.568) , 3 x 10.873}
= 2 x Min { 9.6380 , 32.619 }
= 19.276 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 10.873 x 0.4663 + 4.568) , 4.5 x 10.873}
= Min { 15.1724 , 48.9285 }
= 15.1724 ohms / loop
= 0.2 x 2.2840
= 0.4568 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 5.4365
= 1.0873 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 5.7112
= 1.1422 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 22.8402
= 4.5680 ohms/phase
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 1.0873 x 0.4663 + 0.4568) , 3 x 1.0873}
= 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 3.2619 }
= 6.5238 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 1.0873 x 0.4663 + 0.4568) , 4.5 x 1.0873}
= Min { 15.1724 , 4.8928 }
= 4.8928 ohms / loop
Description
UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 5/70
Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping
function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance
protection, regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction
so that the characteristic does not enter the load area.

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction, X1FwPP & X1FwPE
= 2 x X3 =2 x 10.873= 21.746 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction, X1RvPP & X1RvPE
= 2 x X4 =2 x 1.0873 = 2.7146 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach, RFPP
= (2[2*R3 + RFPP])
= (2 [2 x 4.568 + 19.276] )
= 56.824 ohms/loop
Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach, RFPE
= (2[1/3(2R3 + R03) +RFPE])
= (2[1/3(2x4.568+ 11.4224) +15.1724])
= 44.0504 ohms/loop
Zero sequence reactance for ph-e elements in the forward & reverse direction, X0FwPE & X0RvPE
= 2 x X03
= 2 x X0PE
= 2 x 45.6804 =91.3608 ohms/phase
The resistive reach in the load impedance area, RLd = Max (RFPP,RFPE)
= Max (19.276, 15.1724)
= 19.276 ohms/loop

Load Angle, ARGLd = 25 (Assumed)

Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner
characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones, which are to be blocked by the PSD function. At
least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element, X1IN
= 1.1 x X3
= 1.1 x X1PP
= 1.1 x 10.873 = 11.9603 ohms/phase
Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element, R1IN
= 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)
= 1.1 (2 x 4.568 + 19.276)
= 31.2532 ohms/phase
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125 %( recommended)
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125 %( recommended)

Setting Recommendations:-

1) Zone-1:-
R1PP & R1PE = 1.8272
X1PP & X1PE = 4.3492
R0PE = 4.56896

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 6/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

X0PE = 18.2722
RFPP = 7.7104
RFPE = 15.1724

2) Zone-2:-
R1PP & R1PE = 2.7408
X1PP & X1PE = 6.5238
R0PE = 6.8534
X0PE = 27.4082
RFPP = 11.5696
RFPE = 15.1724
t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip)

3) Zone-3:-
R1PP & R1PE = 4.568
X1PP & X1PE = 10.873
R0PE = 11.4224
X0PE = 45.6804
RFPP = 19.276
RFPE = 15.1724
t3PP & t3PE = 0.800 s(time delay for trip)

4) Zone-4:- (reverse)
R1PP & R1PE = 0.4568
X1PP & X1PE = 1.0873
R0PE = 1.1422
X0PE = 4.5680
RFPP = 6.5238
RFPE = 4.8928
t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip)

5) GFC:-
X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 17.606
X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 0.6212
RFPP = 43.752
RFPE = 26.48
X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 57.63
RLd = 43.752
ARGLd = 25
tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip)

6) PSB:-
X1IN = 9.677
R1IN = 24.064
KX = 125
RX = 125
tP1 = 0.045s (Initial PSD timer for the first swing)
tP2 = 0.015s (Fast PSD timer for the consecutive swings within tW)

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 7/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer)

tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)
tEF = 60s(Timer overcoming 1-Ph reclosing dead time)
tR1 = 0.300s (Timer to time delay block by the residual current)
tR2 = 2.00s (On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings

The time delays tP1, tP2, tW, tH, tEF, tR1, tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance
with the system studies.

1(b) Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:
RXIB range: 0 .2-3A
Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:
CT ratio = 1000 / 1A

Calculations:
Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit. The
most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the setting
recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (1301.14 x 106) / (3 x 132 x 103) = 5691.18 A

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 5691.18 = 284.559 A
The secondary current is 284.559 / 1000 =2.85 A

Setting recommended = 3 A
Time Delay :
The time delay should include
RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin
ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)
= 150ms
1(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary
to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time
between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single
phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be
longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy
phases.
Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec
Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec
Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the auto-
reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 8/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing

attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will
neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =
30 sec.

1(d) Under Voltage Protection 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:
RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:
Under voltage 1st stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V
Time delay 1st stage 3 sec.
Under voltage 2nd stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V
Time delay 2nd stage 1 sec.

Recommended Settings:
RXEG 1st stage setting = (2.34 x 40)
RXEG 2nd stage setting = (2.2 x 40)
Timers
Stage I = 3 sec
Stage II = 1 sec

1(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:
Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%
Phase angle difference: 5 - 75 in steps of 5

Calculations:
Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30 .

Recommended Settings
Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %
Phase angle setting: 6 * 5
Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

2(a) REL 511 (21) - KASHIPUR-1 FEEDER

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 9/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

1)Rated line voltage - 132 kV

2)Line length
3)Max power flow in the line
4)Positive sequence resistance
5)Positive sequence reactance
6)Zero sequence resistance
7)Zero sequence reactance
- 7.05 Km
- 1694.61 MVA
- 0.16221744 ohms/km
- 0.386116 ohms/km
- 0.405631 ohms/km
- 1.622174 ohms/km

B) CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 1000A
2)CT secondary rating - 1A
3)PT primary rating - 145000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1301.4 MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1301.4 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

D)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (1000/1) /(145000/110)
= 0.758621
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.16221744 x 7.05 x 0.758621
= 0.8675 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.386116 x 7.05 x 0.758621
= 2.0650 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.405631 x 7.05 x 0.758621
= 2.1694 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.622174 x 7.05 x 0.758621
= 8.6758 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-earth faults , Rfe = 20 x 0.758621

= 15.1724 ohms
Fault resistance in secondary for phase-phase faults , Rf p = 5 x 0.758621
= 3.7931 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 10/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)

Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 0.8 x 0.8675
= 0.694 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 2.0650
= 1.652 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 2.1694
= 1.7355 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 8.6758
= 6.94064 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931, 1.652x 0.4663 + 0.694) , 3 x 1.652}
= 2 x Min {3.7931 , 4.956 }
= 7.5862 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 1.652 x 0.4663 +0.694) , 4.5 x 1.652}
= Min { 15.1724 , 7.434 }
= 7.434 ohms / loop

Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 1.2 x 0.8675
= 1.041 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 2.065
= 2.478 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 2.1694
= 2.6033 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 8.6758
= 10.4109 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 2.4780 x 0.4663 + 1.041) , 3 x 2.478}
= 2 x Min { 3.7931, 7.434 }
= 7. 5862 ohms / loop

Resistive reach for phase-earth,

RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 2.478 x 0.4663 + 1.041) , 4.5 x 2.478}
= Min { 15.1724 , 11.151 }
= 11.151 ohms/ loop

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 11/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE = 2 x 0.8675
= 1.735 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE = 2 x 2.065
= 4.13 ohms/phase
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE = 2 x 2.1694
= 4.339 ohms/phase
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE = 2 x 8.6758
= 17.3516 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-4 setting (reverse)
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 4.13 x 0.4663 + 1.735) , 3 x 4.13}
= 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 12.39 }
= 7.5862 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 4.13 x 0.4663 + 1.735) , 4.5 x 4.13}
= Min { 15.1724 , 18.585 }
= 15.1724 ohms / loop
= 0.2 x 0.8675
= 0.1735 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 2.065
= 0.413 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 2.1694
= 0.4338 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 8.7658
= 1.7352 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 0.413 x 0.4663 + 0.1735) , 3 x 0.413}
= 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 1.239 }
= 2.478 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 0.413x 0.4663 + 0.1735) , 4.5 x 0.413}
= Min { 15.1724 , 1.8585 }
= 1. 8585 ohms / loop

General Fault Criteria (GFC)

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UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 12/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping
function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance
protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction
so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction ,X1FwPP & X1FwPE
= 2 x X3 =2 x 4.13= 8.26 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction ,X1RvPP & X1RvPE
= 2 x X4 =2 x 0.413 = 0.826 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPP
= (2[2*R3 + RFPP])
= ( 2 [2 x 1.735 + 7.5862] )
= 22.1124 ohms/loop
Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPE
= (2[1/3(2R3 + R03)+RFPE])
= (2[1/3(2 x 1.735+ 4.339)+15.1724])
= 35.5508 ohms/loop
Zero sequence reactance for ph-e elements in the forward & reverse direction, X0FwPE & X0RvPE
= 2 x X03
= 2 x X0PE
= 2 x 17.3516 =34.7032 ohms/phase
The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE)
= Max (7.5862 ,15.1724)
= 15.1724 ohms/loop

Load Angle, ARGLd = 25 (Assumed)

Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner
characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones,which are to be blocked by the PSD function.At
least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , X1IN
= 1.1 x X3
= 1.1 x X1PP
= 1.1 x 4.13 = 4.543 ohms/phase
Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , R1IN
= 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)
= 1.1 ( 2 x 1.735 + 7.5862)
= 12.1618 ohms/phase
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended)
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended)

Setting Recommendations:-

1) Zone-1:-
R1PP & R1PE = 0.694
X1PP & X1PE = 1.652
R0PE = 1.7355

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UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 13/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

X0PE = 6.94064
RFPP = 7.5862
RFPE = 7.434

2) Zone-2 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 1.041
X1PP & X1PE = 2.478
R0PE = 2.6033
X0PE = 10.4109
RFPP = 7.5862
RFPE = 11.1151
t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip)

3) Zone-3 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 1.735
X1PP & X1PE = 4.13
R0PE = 4.339
X0PE = 17.3516
RFPP = 7.8562
RFPE = 15.1724
t3PP & t3PE = 0.800 s(time delay for trip)

4) Zone-4:- (reverse)
R1PP & R1PE = 0.1735
X1PP & X1PE = 0.413
R0PE = 0.4338
X0PE = 1.7352
RFPP = 2.478
RFPE = 1.8585
t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip)

5) GFC :-
X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 8.26
X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 0.826
RFPP = 22.1124
RFPE = 35.5508
X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 34.7032
RLd = 15.1724
ARGLd = 25
tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip)

6) PSB :-
X1IN = 4.543
R1IN = 12.1618
KX = 125
RX = 125
tP1 = 0.045s(Initial PSD timer for the first swing)
tP2 = 0.015s(Fast PSD timer for the consecutive swings within tW)

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 14/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer)

tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)
tEF = 60s(Timer overcoming 1-Ph reclosing dead time)
tR1 = 0.300s(Timer to time delay block by the residual current)
tR2 = 2.00s (On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings

The time delays tP1,tP2,tW,tH,tEF,tR1,tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance with
the system studies.

2(b) Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:
RXIB range: 0 .2-3A
Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:
CT ratio = 1000 / 1A

Calculations:
Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit. The
most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the setting
recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (1694.61 x 106) / (3 x 132 x 103) = 7412.22 A

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 7412.22 = 370.611 A
The secondary current is 370.611 / 1000 =0.371 A

Setting recommended = 0.4 A

Time Delay:
The time delay should include
RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin
ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)
= 150ms
2(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary
to allow for the arc de-ionization. The dead time setting corresponds to the time
between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single
phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionization time will be
longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy
phases.
Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec
Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec
Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the auto-
reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 15/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing

attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will
neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =
30 sec.

2(d) Under Voltage Protection 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:
RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:
Under voltage 1st stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V
Time delay 1st stage 3 sec.
Under voltage 2nd stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V
Time delay 2nd stage 1 sec.

Recommended Settings:
RXEG 1st stage setting = (2.34 x 40)
RXEG 2nd stage setting = (2.2 x 40)
Timers
Stage I = 3 sec
Stage II = 1 sec

2(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:
Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%
Phase angle difference: 5 - 75 in steps of 5

Calculations:
Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30 .

Recommended Settings
Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %
Phase angle setting: 6 * 5
Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

3(a) REL 511 (21)- KASHIPUR 2 FEEDER

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 132 kV

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 16/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

2)Line length - 60.09 Km

3)Max power flow in the line
4)Positive sequence resistance
5)Positive sequence reactance
6)Zero sequence resistance
7)Zero sequence reactance
- 1694.61 MVA
- 0.16221744 ohms/km
- 0.386116 ohms/km
- 0.405631 ohms/km
- 1.622174 ohms/km

B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 1000A
2)CT secondary rating - 1A
3)PT primary rating - 145000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (1000/1) /(145000/110)
= 0.758621
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.16221744 x 15.615 x 0.758621
= 1.9216 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.386116 x 15.615 x 0.758621
= 4.5731 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.405631 x 15.615 x 0.758621
= 4.8051 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.622174 x 15.615 x 0.758621
= 19.2161 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-earth faults , Rfe = 20 x 0.758621

= 15.1724 ohms
Fault resistance in secondary for phase-phase faults , Rf p = 5 x 0.758621
= 3.7931 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 17/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 0.8 x 1.9216
= 1.5373 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 4.5739
= 3.6591 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 4.8051
= 3.8441 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 19.2161
= 15. 3729 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931, 3.6591x 0.4663 + 1.5373) , 3 x 3.6591}
= 2 x Min {3.7931 10.9773 }
= 7. 5862 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 3.6591 x 0.4663 +1.5373) , 4.5 x 3.6591}
= Min { 15.1724 , 16.4659 }
= 15.1724 ohms / loop

Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 1.2 x 1.9216
= 2.30592 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 4.5739
= 5.48868 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 4.8051
= 5.7661 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 19.2161
= 23.0593 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 5.48868 x 0.4663 + 2.3059) , 3 x 5.48868}
= 2 x Min { 4.8653, 16.466 }
= 9.7306 ohms / loop

Resistive reach for phase-earth,

RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 5.48868 x 0.4663 + 2.3059) , 4.5 x 5.48868}
= Min { 15.1724 , 24.6990 }
= 15.1724 ohms/ loop

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 18/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 2 x 1.9216
= 3. 8432 ohms/phase
= 2 x 4.5739
= 9.1478 ohms/phase
= 2 x 4.8051
= 9.6102 ohms/phase
= 2 x 19.2161
= 38.4322 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-4 setting (reverse)
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 9.1478 x 0.4663 + 3.8432) , 3 x 9.1478}
= 2 x Min { 8.1088 , 27.4434 }
= 16.2176 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 9.1478 x 0.4663 + 3.8432) , 4.5 x 9.1478}
= Min { 15.1724 , 27.4434 }
= 15.1724 ohms / loop
= 0.2 x 1.9216
= 0.3843 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 4.5739
= 0.9148 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 4.8051
= 0.9610 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 19.2161
= 3.8432 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 0.9148 x 0.4663 + 0.3843) , 3 x 0.9148}
= 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 2.7444}
= 5.4888 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 0.9148 x 0.4663 + 0.3843) , 4.5 x 0.9148}
= Min { 15.1724 , 4.1166 }
= 4.1166 ohms / loop

General Fault Criteria (GFC)

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping
function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 19/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction
so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction ,X1FwPP & X1FwPE
= 2 x X3 =2 x 9.1438= 18.2876 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction ,X1RvPP & X1RvPE
= 2 x X4 =2 x 0.9148 = 1. 8296 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPP
= (2[2*R3 + RFPP])
= ( 2 [2 x 3.8432 + 16.2176] )
= 47.808 ohms/loop
Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPE
= (2[1/3(2R3 + R03)+RFPE])
= (2[1/3(2 x 3.8432+ 9.6102)+15.1724])
= 47.8759 ohms/loop
Zero sequence reactance for ph-e elements in the forward & reverse direction, X0FwPE & X0RvPE
= 2 x X03
= 2 x X0PE
= 2 x 38.4332=76.8664 ohms/phase
The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE)
= Max (16.2176,15.1724)
= 16.2176 ohms/loop

Load Angle, ARGLd = 25 (Assumed)

Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner
characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones,which are to be blocked by the PSD function.At
least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , X1IN
= 1.1 x X3
= 1.1 x X1PP
= 1.1 x 9.1438 = 10.0582 ohms/phase
Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , R1IN
= 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)
= 1.1 ( 2 x 3.8432 + 16.2176)
= 26.2944 ohms/phase
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended)
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended)

Setting Recommendations:-

1) Zone-1:-
R1PP & R1PE = 1.5373
X1PP & X1PE = 3.6591
R0PE = 3.8441
X0PE = 15.3729
RFPP = 7.5862

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 20/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

RFPE = 15.1724

2) Zone-2 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 2.30592
X1PP & X1PE = 5.48868
R0PE = 5.7661
X0PE = 23.0593
RFPP = 9.7306
RFPE = 15.1724
t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip)

3) Zone-3 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 3.8432
X1PP & X1PE = 9.1478
R0PE = 9.6102
X0PE = 38.4322
RFPP = 16.2176
RFPE = 15.1724
t3PP & t3PE = 0.800 s(time delay for trip)

4) Zone-4:- (reverse)
R1PP & R1PE = 0.3843
X1PP & X1PE = 0.9148
R0PE = 0.961
X0PE = 3.8432
RFPP = 5.4888
RFPE = 4.1166
t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip)

5) GFC :-
X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 18.2876
X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 1.8296
RFPP = 47.808
RFPE = 47.8759
X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 76.8664
RLd = 16.2176
ARGLd = 25
tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip)

6) PSB :-
X1IN = 10.0582
R1IN = 26.2944
KX = 125
RX = 125
tP1 = 0.045s(Initial PSD timer for the first swing)
tP2 = 0.015s(Fast PSD timer for the consecutive swings within tW)
tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer)
tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 21/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

tEF = 60s(Timer overcoming 1-Ph reclosing dead time)

tR1 = 0.300s(Timer to time delay block by the residual current)
tR2 = 2.00s (On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings

The time delays tP1,tP2,tW,tH,tEF,tR1,tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance with
the system studies.

3(b) Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:
RXIB range: 0 .2-3A
Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:
CT ratio = 1000 / 1A

Calculations:
Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit. The
most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the setting
recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (1694.61 x 106) / (3 x 132 x 103) = 7412.21 A

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 7412.21 = 370.61 A
The secondary current is 370.61 / 1000 =0.37 A

Setting recommended = 0.4 A

Time Delay:
The time delay should include
RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin
i.e., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms (Assuming 3 cycle breaker)
= 150ms
3(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary
to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time
between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single
phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be
longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy
phases.
Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec
Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec
Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the auto-
reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which
specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing
attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 22/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =
30 sec.

3(d) Under Voltage Protection 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:
RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:
Under voltage 1st stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V
Time delay 1st stage 3 sec.
Under voltage 2nd stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V
Time delay 2nd stage 1 sec.

Recommended Settings:
RXEG 1st stage setting = (2.34 x 40)
RXEG 2nd stage setting = (2.2 x 40)
Timers
Stage I = 3 sec
Stage II = 1 sec

3(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:
Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%
Phase angle difference: 5 - 75 in steps of 5

Calculations:
Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30 .

Recommended Settings
Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %
Phase angle setting: 6 * 5
Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

4(a) REL 511 (21) - BASPUR NAGAR FEEDER

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 132 kV
2)Line length - 15.615 Km

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 23/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

3)Max power flow in the line - 1694.61 MVA

4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.16221744 ohms/km
5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.386116 ohms/km
6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.405631 ohms/km
7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.622174 ohms/km

B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 1000A
2)CT secondary rating - 1A
3)PT primary rating - 145000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (1000/1) /(145000/110)
= 0.758621
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.16221744 x 15.615 x 0.758621
= 1.9216 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.386116 x 15.615 x 0.758621
= 4.5731 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.405631 x 15.615 x 0.758621
= 4.8051 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.622174 x 15.615 x 0.758621
= 19.2161 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-earth faults , Rfe = 20 x 0.758621

= 15.1724 ohms
Fault resistance in secondary for phase-phase faults , Rf p = 5 x 0.758621
= 3.7931 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 24/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 0.8 x 1.9216
= 1.5373 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 4.5739
= 3.6591 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 4.8051
= 3.8441 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 19.2161
= 15. 3729 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931, 3.6591x 0.4663 + 1.5373) , 3 x 3.6591}
= 2 x Min {3.7931 10.9773 }
= 7. 5862 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 3.6591 x 0.4663 +1.5373) , 4.5 x 3.6591}
= Min { 15.1724 , 16.4659 }
= 15.1724 ohms / loop

Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 1.2 x 1.9216
= 2.30592 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 4.5739
= 5.48868 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 4.8051
= 5.7661 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 19.2161
= 23.0593 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 5.48868 x 0.4663 + 2.3059) , 3 x 5.48868}
= 2 x Min { 4.8653, 16.466 }
= 9.7306 ohms / loop

Resistive reach for phase-earth,

RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 5.48868 x 0.4663 + 2.3059) , 4.5 x 5.48868}
= Min { 15.1724 , 24.6990 }
= 15.1724 ohms/ loop

Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE = 2 x 1.9216

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 25/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 3. 8432 ohms/phase
= 2 x 4.5739
= 9.1478 ohms/phase
= 2 x 4.8051
= 9.6102 ohms/phase
= 2 x 19.2161
= 38.4322 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-4 setting (reverse)
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 9.1478 x 0.4663 + 3.8432) , 3 x 9.1478}
= 2 x Min { 8.1088 , 27.4434 }
= 16.2176 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 9.1478 x 0.4663 + 3.8432) , 4.5 x 9.1478}
= Min { 15.1724 , 27.4434 }
= 15.1724 ohms / loop
= 0.2 x 1.9216
= 0.3843 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 4.5739
= 0.9148 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 4.8051
= 0.9610 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 19.2161
= 3.8432 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 0.9148 x 0.4663 + 0.3843) , 3 x 0.9148}
= 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 2.7444}
= 5.4888 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (15.1724 , 0.9148 x 0.4663 + 0.3843) , 4.5 x 0.9148}
= Min { 15.1724 , 4.1166 }
= 4.1166 ohms / loop

General Fault Criteria (GFC)

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping
function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance
protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction
so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 26/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction ,X1FwPP & X1FwPE
= 2 x X3 =2 x 9.1438= 18.2876 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction ,X1RvPP & X1RvPE
= 2 x X4 =2 x 0.9148 = 1. 8296 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPP
= (2[2*R3 + RFPP])
= ( 2 [2 x 3.8432 + 16.2176] )
= 47.808 ohms/loop
Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPE
= (2[1/3(2R3 + R03)+RFPE])
= (2[1/3(2 x 3.8432+ 9.6102)+15.1724])
= 47.8759 ohms/loop
Zero sequence reactance for ph-e elements in the forward & reverse direction, X0FwPE & X0RvPE
= 2 x X03
= 2 x X0PE
= 2 x 38.4332=76.8664 ohms/phase
The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE)
= Max (16.2176,15.1724)
= 16.2176 ohms/loop

Load Angle, ARGLd = 25 (Assumed)

Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner
characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones,which are to be blocked by the PSD function.At
least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , X1IN
= 1.1 x X3
= 1.1 x X1PP
= 1.1 x 9.1438 = 10.0582 ohms/phase
Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , R1IN
= 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)
= 1.1 ( 2 x 3.8432 + 16.2176)
= 26.2944 ohms/phase
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended)
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended)

Setting Recommendations:-

1) Zone-1:-
R1PP & R1PE = 1.5373
X1PP & X1PE = 3.6591
R0PE = 3.8441
X0PE = 15.3729
RFPP = 7.5862
RFPE = 15.1724

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 27/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

2) Zone-2 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 2.30592
X1PP & X1PE = 5.48868
R0PE = 5.7661
X0PE = 23.0593
RFPP = 9.7306
RFPE = 15.1724
t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip)

3) Zone-3 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 3.8432
X1PP & X1PE = 9.1478
R0PE = 9.6102
X0PE = 38.4322
RFPP = 16.2176
RFPE = 15.1724
t3PP & t3PE = 0.800 s(time delay for trip)

4) Zone-4:- (reverse)
R1PP & R1PE = 0.3843
X1PP & X1PE = 0.9148
R0PE = 0.961
X0PE = 3.8432
RFPP = 5.4888
RFPE = 4.1166
t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip)

5) GFC :-
X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 18.2876
X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 1.8296
RFPP = 47.808
RFPE = 47.8759
X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 76.8664
RLd = 16.2176
ARGLd = 25
tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip)

6) PSB :-
X1IN = 10.0582
R1IN = 26.2944
KX = 125
RX = 125
tP1 = 0.045s(Initial PSD timer for the first swing)
tP2 = 0.015s(Fast PSD timer for the consecutive swings within tW)
tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer)
tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)
tEF = 60s(Timer overcoming 1-Ph reclosing dead time)
tR1 = 0.300s(Timer to time delay block by the residual current)

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 28/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

tR2 = 2.00s (On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings

The time delays tP1,tP2,tW,tH,tEF,tR1,tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance with
the system studies.

4(b) Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:
RXIB range: 0 .2-3A
Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:
CT ratio = 1000 / 1A

Calculations:
Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit. The
most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the setting
recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (1694.61 x 106) / (3 x 132 x 103) = 7412.21 A

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 7412.21 = 370.61 A
The secondary current is 370.61 / 1000 =0.37 A

Setting recommended = 0.4 A

Time Delay :
The time delay should include
RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin
ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)
= 150ms
4(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary
to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time
between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single
phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be
longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy
phases.
Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec
Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec
Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the auto-
reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which
specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing
attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 29/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =
30 sec.

4(d) Under Voltage Protection 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:
RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:
Under voltage 1st stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V
Time delay 1st stage 3 sec.
Under voltage 2nd stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V
Time delay 2nd stage 1 sec.

Recommended Settings:
RXEG 1st stage setting = (2.34 x 40)
RXEG 2nd stage setting = (2.2 x 40)
Timers
Stage I = 3 sec
Stage II = 1 sec

4(e)Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:
Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%
Phase angle difference: 5 - 75 in steps of 5

Calculations:
Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30 .

Recommended Settings
Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %
Phase angle setting: 6 * 5
Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

5(a) REL 511 (21) - RISHIKESH FEEDER

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 400 kV
2)Line length - 189 Km

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 30/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

3)Max power flow in the line - 7109.02 MVA

4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.029792 ohms/km
5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.332 ohms/km
6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.16192 ohms/km
7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.24 ohms/km
B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 1000A
2)CT secondary rating - 6A
3)PT primary rating - 400000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (1000/6) /(400000/110)
= 0.045833
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.029792 x 189 x 0.045833
= 0.2580 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.332 x 189 x 0.045833
= 2.8759 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.16192 x 189 x 0.045833
= 1.4026 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.24 x 189 x 0.045833
= 10.7414 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-earth faults , Rfe = 20 x 0.045833

= 0.9167 ohms
Fault resistance in secondary for phase-phase faults , Rf p = 5 x 0.045833
= 0.2291 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 31/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 0.8 x 0.2580
= 0.2064 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 2.8759
= 2.3007 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 1.4026
= 1.1221 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 10.7414
= 8.5931 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291, 2.3007 x 0.4663 + 0.2064) , 3 x 2.3007}
= 2 x Min {1.2792, 6.9021 }
= 2.5584 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (0.9167 , 2.3007 x 0.4663 +0.2064) , 4.5 x 2.3007}
= Min { 1.2792 , 10.3532 }
= 1.2792 ohms / loop

Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 1.2 x 0.2580
= 0.3096 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 2.8759
= 3.4511 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 1.4026
= 1.6831 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 10.7414
= 12.8897 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291 , 3.4511 x 0.4663 + 0.3096) , 3 x 3.4511}
= 2 x Min { 1.9188, 10.3533 }
= 3.8376 ohms / loop

Resistive reach for phase-earth,

RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (0.9167 , 3.4511 x 0.4663 + 0.3096) , 4.5 x 3.4511}
= Min { 1.9188 , 15.5299 }
= 1.9188 ohms/ loop

Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE = 2 x 0.2580

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 32/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 0.516 ohms/phase
= 2 x 2.8759
= 5.7518 ohms/phase
= 2 x 1.4026
= 2.8052 ohms/phase
= 2 x 10.7414
= 21.4828 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-4 setting (reverse)
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291 , 5.7518 x 0.4663 + 0.516) , 3 x 5.7518}
= 2 x Min { 3.1981 , 17.2554 }
= 6.3962 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (0.9167 , 5.7518 x 0.4663 + 0.516) , 4.5 x 5.7518}
= Min { 3.1981, 25.8831 }
= 3.1981 ohms / loop
= 0.2 x 0.2580
= 0.0516 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 2.8759
= 0.5752ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 1.4026
= 0.2805ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 10.7414
= 2.1483 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291 , 0.5752 x 0.4663 + 0.0516) , 3 x 0.5752}
= 2 x Min { 0.3198 , 1.7256}
= 0.6396 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (0.9167 , 0.5752 x 0.4663 + 0.0516) , 4.5 x 0.5752
= Min { 0.9167 , 2.5884 }
= 0.9167 ohms / loop

General Fault Criteria (GFC)

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping
function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance
protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction
so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 33/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction ,X1FwPP & X1FwPE
= 2 x X3 =2 x 5.7518= 11.5036 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction ,X1RvPP & X1RvPE
= 2 x X4 =2 x 0.5752 = 1. 1504 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPP
= (2[2*R3 + RFPP])
= (2 [2 x 0.516 + 6.3962])
= 14. 8564 ohms/loop
Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPE
= (2[1/3(2R3 + R03)+RFPE])
= (2[1/3(2 x 0.516+ 2.8052) + 3.1981])
= 8.9541 ohms/loop
Zero sequence reactance for ph-e elements in the forward & reverse direction, X0FwPE & X0RvPE
= 2 x X03
= 2 x X0PE
= 2 x 21.4828=42.9656 ohms/phase
The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE)
= Max (6.3962,3.1981)
= 6.3962 ohms/loop

Load Angle, ARGLd = 25 (Assumed)

Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner
characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones,which are to be blocked by the PSD function.At
least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , X1IN
= 1.1 x X3
= 1.1 x X1PP
= 1.1 x 5.7518 = 6.3270 ohms/phase
Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , R1IN
= 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)
= 1.1 (2 x 0.516 + 6.3962)
= 8.168 ohms/phase
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended)
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended)

Setting Recommendations:-

1) Zone-1:-
R1PP & R1PE = 0.2064
X1PP & X1PE = 2.3007
R0PE = 1.1221
X0PE = 8.5931
RFPP = 2.5584
RFPE = 1.2792

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 34/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

2) Zone-2 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 0.3096
X1PP & X1PE = 3.4511
R0PE = 1.6831
X0PE = 12.8897
RFPP = 3.8376
RFPE = 1.9188
t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip)

3) Zone-3 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 0.516
X1PP & X1PE = 5.7518
R0PE = 2.8052
X0PE = 21.4828
RFPP = 6.3962
RFPE = 3.1981
t3PP & t3PE = 0.800 s(time delay for trip)

4) Zone-4:- (reverse)
R1PP & R1PE = 0.0516
X1PP & X1PE = 0.5752
R0PE = 0.2805
X0PE = 2.1483
RFPP = 0.6396
RFPE = 0.9167
t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip)

5) GFC :-
X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 11.5036
X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 1.1504
RFPP = 14.8564
RFPE = 8.9541
X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 42.9656
RLd = 6.3962
ARGLd = 25
tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip)

6) PSB :-
X1IN = 6.3270
R1IN = 8.168
KX = 125
RX = 125
tP1 = 0.045s(Initial PSD timer for the first swing)
tP2 = 0.015s(Fast PSD timer for the consecutive swings within tW)
tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer)
tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)
tEF = 60s(Timer overcoming 1-Ph reclosing dead time)
tR1 = 0.300s(Timer to time delay block by the residual current)

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 35/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

tR2 = 2.00s (On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings

The time delays tP1,tP2,tW,tH,tEF,tR1,tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance with
the system studies.

5(b) Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:
RXIB range: 0 .2-3A
Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:
CT ratio = 1000 / 6A

Calculations:
Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit. The
most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the setting
recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (7109.02 x 106) / (3 x 400 x 103) = 10261.29 A

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 10261.29 = 513.06 A
The secondary current is 513.06 x 6 / 1000 =3.0786 A

Setting recommended = 3.1 A

Time Delay :
The time delay should include
RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin
ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)
= 150ms
5(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary
to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time
between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single
phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be
longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy
phases.
Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec
Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec
Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the auto-
reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which
specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing
attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 36/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =
30 sec.

5(d) Under Voltage Protection 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:
RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:
Under voltage 1st stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V
Time delay 1st stage 3 sec.
Under voltage 2nd stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V
Time delay 2nd stage 1 sec.

Recommended Settings:
RXEG 1st stage setting = (2.34 x 40)
RXEG 2nd stage setting = (2.2 x 40)
Timers
Stage I = 3 sec
Stage II = 1 sec

5(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:
Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%
Phase angle difference: 5 - 75 in steps of 5

Calculations:
Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30 .

Recommended Settings
Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %
Phase angle setting: 6 * 5
Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

5(f) LZ96 Distance Relay

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 400 kV
2)Line length - 189 Km

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 37/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

3)Max power flow in the line - 7109.02 MVA

4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.029792 ohms/km
5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.332 ohms/km
6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.16192 ohms/km
7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.24 ohms/km

B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 1000 A
2)CT secondary rating - 6A
3)PT primary rating - 400000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (1000/6) /(400000/110)
= 0.045833
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.029792 x 189 x 0.4
= 0.258073 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.332 x 189 x 0.4
= 2.87595 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.16192 x 189 x 0.4
= 46.81152 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.24 x 189 x 0.4
= 93.744 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance R1 = 0.8 x 0.258073
= 0.206459 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance X1 = 0.8 x 2.87595

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 38/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

= 2.30076 ohms/phase
Z1 = 0.206459+j 2.30076 ohms/phase
Z1= 2.31 ohms/phase
Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance R1 = 1.2 x 0.258073
= 0.309668 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance X1 = 1.2 x.2.87595
= 3.45114 ohms/phase
Z2 = 0.309668+j3.45114 ohms/phase
Z2 = 3.46501 ohms/phase
Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1 = 2 x 0.258073
= 0.516146 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance , X2 = 2 x 2.87595
= 5.7519 ohms/phase
Z3 = 0.516146+j5.7519 ohms/phase
Z3 = 5.77501 ohms/phase
Zone-4 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1 = 0.2 x 0.258073
= 0.05162 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance , X1 = 0.2 x 9.74175
= 0.5752 ohms/phase
Z4 = 0.05162+j0.5752 ohms/phase
Z4 = 0.5723 ohms/phase

Setting of Distance Zones

The values of Zi (i=1,2,3) for the zones can be set using the formula :
Zi = ZM * mi * 100/Ni Ohms/phase
m= 1,10,100
m1/N1 = Z1/(100*ZM)
= 6.9543/(100*0.1)
m1/N1 = 0.84782
m1= 100
N1 = 87
m2/N2 = Z2/(100*Zm)
= 10.4433/(100*0.1)
m2/N2 = 1.04433
m2 = 100
N2= 58
m3/N3 = Z3/(100*Zm)
= 17.4055/(100*0.1)
m3/N3 = 1.74055
m3= 100
N3= 35
REPLICA IMPEDANCE (ZM)= 0.02
REPLICA ANGLE (PHI-M) = 85

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 39/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Setting Of Under Impedance Starter

ZA= (0.258073+j*2.87595)+(1.2*(0.029792+j*0.332)*189*0.045833)
Load Impedance = 400*400/ 7109.02
ZA= 0.567761 +j 6.32709

ZA is less than 0.65 * Load Impedance.

ZA is set according to the formula :
ZA = 50 * ZM * 100/NA
NA = 50*100*0.02/6.35251
Reverse to forward reach ratio kB = ZB/ZA = 0.3

Setting Of Zero Seq. Compensation Factor:

ko= Z0-Z1/3*Z1
=((0.16192+j*1.24)-(0.029792+j*0.332))/(3*(0.029792+j*0.332))
=0.3

The Recommended Settings

m1 = 100

N1 = 87

m2 = 100

N2 = 58

m3 = 100

N3 = 35

ZM = 0.02

6(a) REL 511 (21) - MORADABAD FEEDER

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 400 kV
2)Line length - 92.26 Km
3)Max power flow in the line - 17084.91 MVA
4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.029792 ohms/km
5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.332 ohms/km
6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.16192 ohms/km
7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.24 ohms/km
B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 1000A

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 40/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

2)CT secondary rating - 6A

3)PT primary rating - 400000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (1000/6) /(400000/110)
= 0.045833
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.029792 x 92.26 x 0.045833
= 0.1259 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.332 x 92.26 x 0.045833
= 1.4039 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.16192 x 92.26 x 0.045833
= 0.6847 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.24 x 92.26 x 0.045833
= 5.2434 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-earth faults , Rfe = 20 x 0.045833

= 0.9167 ohms
Fault resistance in secondary for phase-phase faults , Rf p = 5 x 0.045833
= 0.2291 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE = 0.8 x 0.1259
= 0.10072 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE = 0.8 x 1.4039
= 1.1231 ohms/phase
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE = 0.8 x 0.6847
= 0.5478 ohms/phase
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE = 0.8 x 5.2434

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 41/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS
Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,
RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,
RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
Checked by Nagendra
Prepared by Sarith Madhu
Issued by
UASE
= 4.1947 ohms/phase
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291, 1.1231 x 0.4663 + 0.10072) , 3 x 1.1231}
= 2 x Min {0.6244, 3.3693 }
= 1.2488 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (0.9167 , 1.1231 x 0.4663 + 0.10072) , 4.5 x 1.1231}
= Min { 0.9167 , 5.0539 }
= 0.9167 ohms / loop
= 1.2 x 0.1259
= 0.1511 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 1.4039
= 1.6847 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 0.6847
= 0.8216 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 5.2434
= 6.2921 ohms/phase
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291 , 1.6847 x 0.4663 + 0.1511) , 3 x 1.6847}
= 2 x Min { 0.9377, 5.0541 }
= 1.8754 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (0.9167 , 1.6847 x 0.4663 + 0.1511) , 4.5 x 1.6847}
= Min { 0.9377 , 7.5812 }
= 0.9377 ohms/ loop
= 2 x 0.1259
= 0.2518 ohms/phase
= 2 x 1.4039
= 2.8078 ohms/phase
= 2 x 0.6847
= 1.3694 ohms/phase
= 2 x 5.2434
= 10.4868 ohms/phase
Description
UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 42/70
Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-4 setting (reverse)
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291 , 2.8078 x 0.4663 + 0.2518) , 3 x 2.8078}
= 2 x Min { 1.5611 , 5.6156 }
= 3.1222 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (0.2291 , 2.8078 x 0.4663 + 0.2518) , 4.5 x 5.7518}
= Min { 1.5611, 25.8831 }
= 1.5611 ohms / loop
= 0.2 x 0.1259
= 0.0252 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 1.4039
= 0.2808ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 0.6847
= 0.1369ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 5.2434
= 1.0487 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291 , 0.2808 x 0.4663 + 0.0252) , 3 x 0.2808}
= 2 x Min { 0.2291 , 0.8424}
= 0.4582 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (0.9167 , 0.2808 x 0.4663 + 0.0252) , 4.5 x 0.2808}
= Min { 0.9167 , 1.2636 }
= 0.9167 ohms / loop

General Fault Criteria (GFC)

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping
function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance
protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction
so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction ,X1FwPP & X1FwPE
= 2 x X3 =2 x 2.8078= 5.6156 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction ,X1RvPP & X1RvPE
= 2 x X4 =2 x 0.2808 = 0.5616 ohms/ phase

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 43/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPP
= (2[2*R3 + RFPP])
= ( 2 [2 x 0.2518 + 3.1222] )
= 7.2516 ohms/loop
Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPE
= (2[1/3(2R3 + R03)+RFPE])
= (2[1/3(2 x 0.2518+ 1.3694)+1.5611])
= 1.3709 ohms/loop
Zero sequence reactance for ph-e elements in the forward & reverse direction, X0FwPE & X0RvPE
= 2 x X03
= 2 x X0PE
= 2 x 10.4868=20.9736 ohms/phase
The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE)
= Max (3.1222.1.5611)
= 3.1222 ohms/loop

Load Angle, ARGLd = 25 (Assumed)

Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner
characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones,which are to be blocked by the PSD function.At
least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , X1IN
= 1.1 x X3
= 1.1 x X1PP
= 1.1 x 2.8078 = 3.08858 ohms/phase
Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , R1IN
= 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)
= 1.1 ( 2 x 0.2518 + 3.1222)
= 3.9084 ohms/phase
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended)
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended)

Setting Recommendations:-

1) Zone-1:-
R1PP & R1PE = 0.10072
X1PP & X1PE = 1.1231
R0PE = 0.5478
X0PE = 4.1947
RFPP = 1.2488
RFPE = 0.9167

2) Zone-2 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 0.1511
X1PP & X1PE = 1.6847
R0PE = 0.8216
X0PE = 6.2921

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 44/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

RFPP = 1.8754
RFPE = 0.9377
t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip)

3) Zone-3 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 0.2518
X1PP & X1PE = 2.8078
R0PE = 1.3694
X0PE = 10.4868
RFPP = 1.3222
RFPE = 1.5611
t3PP & t3PE = 0.800 s(time delay for trip)

4) Zone-4:- (reverse)
R1PP & R1PE = 0.0252
X1PP & X1PE = 0.2808
R0PE = 0.1369
X0PE = 1.0487
RFPP = 0.4582
RFPE = 0.9167
t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip)

5) GFC :-
X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 5.6156
X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 0.5616
RFPP = 7.2516
RFPE = 1.3709
X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 20.9736
RLd = 3.1222
ARGLd = 25
tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip)

6) PSB :-
X1IN = 3.08858
R1IN = 3.9084
KX = 125
RX = 125
tP1 = 0.045s(Initial PSD timer for the first swing)
tP2 = 0.015s(Fast PSD timer for the consecutive swings within tW)
tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer)
tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)
tEF = 60s(Timer overcoming 1-Ph reclosing dead time)
tR1 = 0.300s(Timer to time delay block by the residual current)
tR2 = 2.00s (On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings

The time delays tP1,tP2,tW,tH,tEF,tR1,tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance with
the system studies.

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 45/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

6(b) Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:
RXIB range: 0 .2-3A
Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:
CT ratio = 1000 / 6 A

Calculations:
Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit. The
most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the setting
recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (17084.91 x 106) / (3 x 400 x 103) = 24660.67 A

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 24660.67 = 1233.03 A
The secondary current is 1233.03 x 6 / 1000 =7.398 A

Setting recommended = 7.4 A

Time Delay :
The time delay should include
RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin
ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)
= 150ms
6(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary
to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time
between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single
phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be
longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy
phases.
Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec
Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec
Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the auto-
reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which
specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing
attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will
neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =
30 sec.

6(d) Under Voltage Protection 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 46/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:
Under voltage 1st stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V
Time delay 1st stage 3 sec.
Under voltage 2nd stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V
Time delay 2nd stage 1 sec.

Recommended Settings:
RXEG 1st stage setting = (2.34 x 40)
RXEG 2nd stage setting = (2.2 x 40)
Timers
Stage I = 3 sec
Stage II = 1 sec

6(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:
Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%
Phase angle difference: 5 - 75 in steps of 5

Calculations:
Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30 .

Recommended Settings
Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %
Phase angle setting: 6 * 5
Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

6(f) LZ96 Distance Relay

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 400 kV
2)Line length - 92.26 Km
3)Max power flow in the line - 17084.91 MVA
4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.029792 ohms/km
5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.332 ohms/km
6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.16192 ohms/km
7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.24 ohms/km

B)CT/PT details

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 47/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

1)CT primary rating - 1000 A

2)CT secondary rating - 6A
3)PT primary rating - 400000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (1000/1) /(400000/110)
= 0.275
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.029792 x 107.794x 0.275
= 0.883 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.332 x 107.794 x 0.275
= 1.40389 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.16192 x 92.26 x 0.045833
= 0.6847 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.24 x 92.26 x 0.045833
= 5.2434 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance R1 = 0.8 x 0.125978
= 0.100782 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance X1 = 0.8 x 1.40389
= 1.12311 ohms/phase
Z1 = 0.100782+j 1.12311 ohms/phase
Z1= 1.12762 ohms/phase
Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance R1 = 1.2 x 0.125978
= 0.151174 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance X1 = 1.2 x 1.40389
= 1.68467 ohms/phase

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 48/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Z2 = 0.151174+j1.6847 ohms/phase
Z2 = 1.69144 ohms/phase
Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1 = 2 x 0.125978
= 0.251976 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance , X2 = 2 x 1.40389
= 2.80778 ohms/phase
Z3 = 0.251976+j2.80778 ohms/phase
Z3 = 2.81906 ohms/phase
Zone-4 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1 = 0.2 x 0.125978
= 0.0251976 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance , X1 = 0.2 x 1.40389
= 0.280778 ohms/phase
Z4 = 0.0251976+j0.280778 ohms/phase
Z4 = 0.2819 ohms/phase

Setting of Distance Zones

The values of Zi (i=1,2,3) for the zones can be set using the formula :
Zi = ZM * mi * 100/Ni Ohms/phase
m= 10
m1/N1 = Z1/(100*ZM)
= 6.9543/(100*0.1)
m1/N1 = 0.84782
m1= 10
N1 = 18
m2/N2 = Z2/(100*Zm)
= 10.4433/(100*0.1)
m2/N2 = 1.04433
m2 = 10
N2= 12
m3/N3 = Z3/(100*Zm)
= 17.4055/(100*0.1)
m3/N3 = 1.74055
m3= 100
N3= 71
REPLICA IMPEDANCE (ZM)= 0.02
REPLICA ANGLE (PHI-M) = 85

Setting Of Under Impedance Starter

ZA= (0.125978+j*1.40389)+(1.2*(0.029792+j*0.332)*92.26*0.0458333)
Load Impedance = 400*400/ 17084.91
ZA= 1.60232 +j 18.7968
ZA is less than 0.65 * Load Impedance.
ZA is set according to the formula :
ZA = 50 * ZM * 100/NA

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 49/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

NA = 50*100*0.02/3.10097
Reverse to forward reach ratio kB = ZB/ZA = 0.3

Setting Of Zero Seq. Compensation Factor:

ko= Z0-Z1/3*Z1
=((0.16192+j*1.24)-(0.029792+j*0.332))/(3*(0.029792+j*0.332))
= 0.3
The Recommended Settings

m1 = 10

N1 = 18

m2 = 10

N2 = 12

m2 = 100

N1 = 71

ZM = 0.02

PHI-M = 85

kB = 0.3

7(a) REL 511 (21) - HALDWANI FEEDER

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 220 kV
2)Line length - 53.5 Km
3)Max power flow in the line - 2870.56 MVA
4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.0748748 ohms/km
5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.399252 ohms/km
6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.219978 ohms/km
7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.339228 ohms/km

B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 800 A
2)CT secondary rating - 1A
3)PT primary rating - 220000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 50/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)

3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (800/1) /(220000/110)
= 0.4
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.0748748 x 53.50 x 0.4
= 1.6023 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.399252 x 53.50 x 0.4
= 8.5440 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.219978 x 53.50 x 0.4
= 4.7075 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.339228 x 53.50 x 0.4
= 28. 6595 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-earth faults , Rfe = 20 x 0.4

= 8 ohms
Fault resistance in secondary for phase-phase faults , Rf p = 5 x 0.4
= 2 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 0.8 x 1.6023
= 1.2818 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 8.5440
= 6.8352 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 4.7075
= 3.766 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 28.6595
= 22.9276 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (2, 6.8352 x 0.4663 + 1.28184) , 3 x 6.8352}
= 2 x Min {4.4691, 20.5056 }

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 51/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

= 8.9382 ohms / loop

Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (8 , 6.8352 x 0.4663 + 1.28184) , 4.5 x 6.8352}
= Min { 8 , 30.8754 }
= 8 ohms / loop

Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 1.2 x 1.6023
= 1.9228 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 8.554
= 10.2648 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 4.7075
= 5.649 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 28.6595
= 34.3914 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (2 , 10.2648 x 0.4663 + 1.9228) , 3 x 10.2648}
= 2 x Min { 6.7093, 30.7944 }
= 13. 4186 ohms / loop

Resistive reach for phase-earth,

RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (8 , 10.2648 x 0.4663 + 1.9228), 4.5 x 10.2648}
= Min { 8 , 46.1916 }
= 8 ohms/ loop

Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 2 x 1.6023
= 3.2046 ohms/phase
= 2 x 8.554
= 17.108 ohms/phase
= 2 x 4.7075
= 9.415 ohms/phase
= 2 x 28.6595
= 57. 319 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (2 , 17.108 x 0.4663 + 3.2046) , 3 x 17.108 }
= 2 x Min { 11.1821 , 51.324 }
= 22.3642 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 52/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }

Zone-4 setting (reverse)
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (8, 17.108 x 0.4663 + 3.2046) , 4.5 x 17.108 }
= Min { 11.1821, 76.986 }
= 11.1821 ohms / loop
= 0.2 x 1.6023
= 0.3205 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 8.554
= 1.7108ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 4.7075
= 0.9415 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 28.6595
= 5.7319 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (2 , 1.7108 x 0.4663 + 0.3205) , 3 x 1.7108}
= 2 x Min { 2 , 5.1324}
= 4 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (8 , 1.7108 x 0.4663 + 0.3205) , 4.5 x 1.7108 }
= Min { 8 , 7.6986 }
= 7. 6986 ohms/km

General Fault Criteria (GFC)

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping
function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance
protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction
so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction ,X1FwPP & X1FwPE
= 2 x X3 =2 x 17.108= 34.216 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction ,X1RvPP & X1RvPE
= 2 x X4 =2 x 1.7108 = 3.4216 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPP
= (2[2*R3 + RFPP])
= ( 2 [2 x 3.2046 + 22.3642] )
= 57. 5468 ohms/loop
Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPE
= (2[1/3(2R3 + R03)+RFPE])
= (2[1/3(2 x 3.2046 + 9.415)+11.1821])
= 34. 391 ohms/loop
Zero sequence reactance for ph-e elements in the forward & reverse direction, X0FwPE & X0RvPE
= 2 x X03

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 53/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

= 2 x X0PE
= 2 x 51.319 = 102.638 ohms/phase
The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE)
= Max (22.3642,11.1821)
= 22.3642 ohms/loop

Load Angle, ARGLd = 25 (Assumed)

Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner
characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones,which are to be blocked by the PSD function.At
least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , X1IN
= 1.1 x X3
= 1.1 x X1PP
= 1.1 x 17.108 = 18.8188 ohms/phase
Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , R1IN
= 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)
= 1.1 ( 2 x 3.2046 + 22.3642)
= 31.6507 ohms/phase
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended)
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended)

Setting Recommendations:-

1) Zone-1:-
R1PP & R1PE = 1.2818
X1PP & X1PE = 6.8352
R0PE = 3.766
X0PE = 22.9276
RFPP = 8.9382
RFPE = 8

2) Zone-2 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 1.9228
X1PP & X1PE = 10.2648
R0PE = 5.649
X0PE = 34.3914
RFPP = 13.4186
RFPE = 8
t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip)

3) Zone-3 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 3.2046
X1PP & X1PE = 17.108
R0PE = 9.415
X0PE = 57.319
RFPP = 22.3642

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 54/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

RFPE = 11.1821
t3PP & t3PE = 0.800 s(time delay for trip)

4) Zone-4:- (reverse)
R1PP & R1PE = 0.3205
X1PP & X1PE = 1.7108
R0PE = 0.9415
X0PE = 5.7319
RFPP = 2.2364
RFPE = 1.1182
t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip)

5) GFC :-
X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 34.216
X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 3.4216
RFPP = 57.5468
RFPE = 32.9031
X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 102.638
RLd = 22.3642
ARGLd = 25
tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip)

6) PSB :-
X1IN = 18.8188
R1IN = 31.6507
KX = 125
RX = 125
tP1 = 0.045s(Initial PSD timer for the first swing)
tP2 = 0.015s(Fast PSD timer for the consecutive swings within tW)
tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer)
tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)
tEF = 60s(Timer overcoming 1-Ph reclosing dead time)
tR1 = 0.300s(Timer to time delay block by the residual current)
tR2 = 2.00s (On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings

The time delays tP1,tP2,tW,tH,tEF,tR1,tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance with
the system studies.

7(b) Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:
RXIB range: 0 .2-3A
Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:
CT ratio = 800 / 1A

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 55/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Calculations:
Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit. The
most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the setting
recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (2780.56 x 106) / (3 x 220 x 103) = 7297.29 A

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 7297.29 = 364.86 A
The secondary current is 364.86 / 800 =0.4561 A

Setting recommended = 0.5 A

Time Delay :
The time delay should include
RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin
ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)
= 150ms
7(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary
to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time
between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single
phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be
longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy
phases.
Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec
Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec
Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the auto-
reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which
specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing
attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will
neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =
30 sec.

7(d) Under Voltage Protection 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:
RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:
Under voltage 1st stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V
Time delay 1st stage 3 sec.
Under voltage 2nd stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V
Time delay 2nd stage 1 sec.

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 56/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Recommended Settings:
RXEG 1st stage setting = (2.34 x 40)
RXEG 2nd stage setting = (2.2 x 40)
Timers
Stage I = 3 sec
Stage II = 1 sec

7(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:
Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%
Phase angle difference: 5 - 75 in steps of 5

Calculations:
Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30 .

Recommended Settings
Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %
Phase angle setting: 6 * 5
Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

7(f) LZ96 Distance Relay

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 220 kV
2)Line length - 53.5 Km
3)Max power flow in the line - 2870.56 MVA
4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.0748748 ohms/km
5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.399252 ohms/km
6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.219978 ohms/km
7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.339228 ohms/km

B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 800 A
2)CT secondary rating - 1A
3)PT primary rating - 220000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 57/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (800/1) /(220000/110)
= 0.4
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.0748748 x 53.50 x 0.4
= 1.6023 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.399252 x 53.50 x 0.4
= 8.5440 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.219978 x 53.50 x 0.4
= 4.7075 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.339228 x 53.50 x 0.4
= 28. 6595 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance R1
Positive sequence reactance X1
Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance R1
Positive sequence reactance X1
Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1
Positive sequence reactance , X2
Zone-4 setting
= 0.8 x 1.6023
= 1.2818 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 8.5440
= 6.8352 ohms/phase
Z1 = 1.2818+j6.8352 ohms/phase
Z1= 6.9543 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 1.6023
= 1.9228 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 8.554
= 10.2648 ohms/phase
Z2 = 1.9228+j10.2648 ohms/phase
Z2 = 10.4315 ohms/phase
= 2 x 1.6023
= 3.2046 ohms/phase
= 2 x 8.554
= 17.108 ohms/phase
Z3 = 3.2046+j17.108 ohms/phase
Z3 = 17.1629 ohms/phase

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 58/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Positive sequence resistance , R1 = 0.2 x 1.6023

= 0.3205 ohms/phase
Positive sequence reactance , X1 = 0.2 x 8.554
= 1.7108ohms/phase
Z4 = 0.3205+j1.7108 ohms/phase
Z4 = 1.7056 ohms/phase

Setting of Distance Zones

The values of Zi (i=1,2,3) for the zones can be set using the formula :
Zi = ZM * mi * 100/Ni Ohms/phase
m= 10
m1/N1 = Z1/(100*ZM)
= 6.9543/(100*0.1)
m1/N1 = 0.84782
m1= 10
N1 = 14
m2/N2 = Z2/(100*Zm)
= 10.4433/(100*0.1)
m2/N2 = 1.04433
m2 = 100
N2= 96
m3/N3 = Z3/(100*Zm)
= 17.4055/(100*0.1)
m3/N3 = 1.74055
m3= 100
N3= 58
REPLICA IMPEDANCE (ZM)= 0.1
REPLICA ANGLE (PHI-M) = 85

Setting Of Under Impedance Starter

ZA= (1.60232+j*8.54399)+(1.2*(0+j*0.399252)*53.5*0.4)
Load Impedance = 220*220/ 2870.56
ZA= 1.60232 +j 18.7968
ZA is less than 0.65 * Load Impedance.
ZA is set according to the formula :
ZA = 50 * ZM * 100/NA
NA = 50*100*0.1/18.865
Reverse to forward reach ratio kB = ZB/ZA = 0.3

Setting Of Zero Seq. Compensation Factor:

ko= Z0-Z1/3*Z1
=((0.219978+j*1.33923)-(0.0748748+j*0.399252))/(3*(0.0748748+j*0.399252))
=0.3

The Recommended Settings

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UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 59/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

m1 = 10

N1 = 14

m2 = 100

N2 = 96

m3 = 100

N3 = 58

ZM = 0.1

PHI-M = 85

ko = 0.3

kB = 0.3

8(a) REL 511 (21) ALMORA FEEDER

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 220 kV
2)Line length - 61 Km
3)Max power flow in the line - 3783.99 MVA
4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.0748748 ohms/km
5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.399252 ohms/km
6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.219978 ohms/km
7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.339228 ohms/km

B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 800 A
2)CT secondary rating - 1A
3)PT primary rating - 220000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

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UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 60/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (800/1) /(220000/110)
= 0.4
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.0748748 x 61x 0.4
= 1.8269 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.399252 x 61x 0.4
= 9.7417 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.219978 x 61x 0.4
= 5.3675 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.339228 x 61x 0.4
= 32.6772 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-earth faults , Rfe = 20 x 0.4

= 8 ohms
Fault resistance in secondary for phase-phase faults , Rf p = 5 x 0.4
= 2 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 0.8 x 1.8269
= 1.4615 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 9.7417
= 7.79336 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 5.3675
= 4.294 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 32.6772
= 26.1418 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (2, 7.79336 x 0.4663 + 1.4615) , 3 x 7.79336}
= 2 x Min {5.0955, 23.3801 }
= 10.191 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (8 , 7.79336 x 0.4663 + 1.4615) , 4.5 x 7.79336}
= Min { 8 , 35.0701 }
= 8 ohms / loop

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 61/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 1.2 x 1.8269
= 2.1923 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 9.7417
= 11.69004 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 5.3675
= 6.441 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 32.6772
= 39.2126 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (2 , 11.69 x 0.4663 + 2.1923) , 3 x 11.69}
= 2 x Min { 7.6433, 35.07 }
= 15.2866 ohms / loop

Resistive reach for phase-earth,

RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (8 , 11.69 x 0.4663 + 2.1923), 4.5 x 11.69}
= Min { 8 , 52.61 }
= 8 ohms/ loop

Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE
Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 2 x 1.8269
= 3.6538 ohms/phase
= 2 x 9.7417
= 19.4834 ohms/phase
= 2 x 5.3675
= 10.735 ohms/phase
= 2 x 32.6772
= 65.3544 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE
Zone-4 setting (reverse)
Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE
= 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (2 , 19.4834 x 0.4663 + 3.6538) , 3 x 19.4834 }
= 2 x Min { 12.7389 , 58.4502 }
= 25.4778 ohms / loop
= Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (8, 19.4834 x 0.4663 + 3.6538) , 4.5 x 19.4834 }
= Min { 12.7389, 87.6753 }
= 12.7389 ohms / loop
= 0.2 x 1.8269
= 0.3654 ohms/phase

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 62/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE = 0.2 x 9.7417

Zero sequence resistance , R0PE
Zero sequence reactance , X0PE
= 1.9483ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 5.3675
= 1.0735 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 32.6772
= 6.5354 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }
= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }
= 2 x Min { Max (2 , 1.9483 x 0.4663 + 0.3564) , 3 x 1.9843}
= 2 x Min { 2 , 5.9529}
= 4 ohms / loop
Resistive reach for phase-earth,
RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }
= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }
= Min { Max (8 , 1.9483 x 0.4663 + 0.3564) , 4.5 x 1.9483 }
= Min { 8 , 8.7674 }
= 8 ohms/km

General Fault Criteria (GFC)

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping
function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance
protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction
so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction ,X1FwPP & X1FwPE
= 2 x X3 =2 x 19.4834= 38.9668 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction ,X1RvPP & X1RvPE
= 2 x X4 =2 x 1.9483 = 3.8966 ohms/ phase
Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPP
= (2[2*R3 + RFPP])
= ( 2 [2 x 3.6538 + 25.4778] )
= 65.5708 ohms/loop
Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPE
= (2[1/3(2R3 + R03)+RFPE])
= (2[1/3(2 x 3.6538 + 10.735)+12.7389])
= 37.5062 ohms/loop
Zero sequence reactance for ph-e elements in the forward & reverse direction, X0FwPE & X0RvPE
= 2 x X03
= 2 x X0PE
= 2 x 65.3544 = 130.7088 ohms/phase
The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE)
= Max (25.4778,12.7389)
= 25. 4778 ohms/loop

Load Angle, ARGLd = 25 (Assumed)

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Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 63/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner
characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones,which are to be blocked by the PSD function.At
least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , X1IN
= 1.1 x X3
= 1.1 x X1PP
= 1.1 x 19.4834 = 21.4317 ohms/phase
Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , R1IN
= 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)
= 1.1 ( 2 x 3.6538 + 25.4778)
= 36.0639 ohms/phase
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended)
Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended)

Setting Recommendations:-

1) Zone-1:-
R1PP & R1PE = 1.4615
X1PP & X1PE = 0.7934
R0PE = 4.294
X0PE = 26.1418
RFPP = 10.191
RFPE = 8

2) Zone-2 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 2.1923
X1PP & X1PE = 11.69004
R0PE = 6.441
X0PE = 39.2126
RFPP = 15.2866
RFPE = 8
t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip)

3) Zone-3 :-
R1PP & R1PE = 3.6538
X1PP & X1PE = 19.4834
R0PE = 10.735
X0PE = 65.3544
RFPP = 25.47`78
RFPE = 12.7389
t3PP & t3PE = 0.800 s(time delay for trip)

4) Zone-4:- (reverse)
R1PP & R1PE = 0.3654
X1PP & X1PE = 1.9483
R0PE = 1.0735
X0PE = 6.5354

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 64/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

RFPP = 4
RFPE = 8
t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip)

5) GFC :-
X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 38.9668
X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 3.8966
RFPP = 65.5708
RFPE = 37.5062
X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 130.7088
RLd = 25.4778
ARGLd = 25
tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip)

6) PSB :-
X1IN = 21.4317
R1IN = 36.0639
KX = 125
RX = 125
tP1 = 0.045s(Initial PSD timer for the first swing)
tP2 = 0.015s(Fast PSD timer for the consecutive swings within tW)
tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer)
tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)
tEF = 60s(Timer overcoming 1-Ph reclosing dead time)
tR1 = 0.300s(Timer to time delay block by the residual current)
tR2 = 2.00s (On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings

The time delays tP1,tP2,tW,tH,tEF,tR1,tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance with
the system studies.

8(b) Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:
RXIB range: 0 .2-3A
Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:
CT ratio = 1000 / 1A

Calculations:
Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit. The
most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the setting
recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (3783.99 x 106) / (3 x 220 x 103) = 9930.69 A

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 9930.69 = 496.53 A

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 65/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

The secondary current is 496.53 / 800 =0.6207 A

Setting recommended = 0.62 A

Time Delay:
The time delay should include
RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin
ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)
= 150ms

8(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary
to allow for the arc de-ionization. The dead time setting corresponds to the time
between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single
phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionization time will be
longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy
phases.
Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec
Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec
Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the auto-
reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which
specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing
attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will
neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =
30 sec.

8(d) Under Voltage Protection 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:
RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:
Under voltage 1st stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V
Time delay 1st stage 3 sec.
Under voltage 2nd stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.
Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V
Time delay 2nd stage 1 sec.

Recommended Settings:
RXEG 1st stage setting = (2.34 x 40)
RXEG 2nd stage setting = (2.2 x 40)
Timers
Stage I = 3 sec

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UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
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YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Stage II = 1 sec

8(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:
Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%
Phase angle difference: 5 - 75 in steps of 5

Calculations:
Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30 .

Recommended Settings
Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %
Phase angle setting: 6 * 5
Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

8(f) LZ96 Distance Relay

System Particulars :-
A)Line parameters
1)Rated line voltage - 220 kV
2)Line length - 61 Km
3)Max power flow in the line - 2870.56 MVA
4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.0748748 ohms/km
5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.399252 ohms/km
6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.219978 ohms/km
7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.339228 ohms/km

B)CT/PT details
1)CT primary rating - 800 A
2)CT secondary rating - 1A
3)PT primary rating - 220000 V
4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance
1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA
2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.61 MVA(assumed)
3)Source impedance angle - 80 (assumed)

E)Fault resistance
1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms
2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Prepared by Sarith Madhu Order Ref Rev Sheet
415229 00 67/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Relay details:-
In=1A,Un=110V
Calculations :-

Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR

= (800/1) /(220000/110)
= 0.4
Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.0748748 x 61 x 0.4
= 1.82695 ohms
Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.399252 x 61 x 0.4
= 9.74175 ohms
Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.219978 x 61 x 0.4
= 5.3675 ohms
Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.339228 x 61 x 0.4
= 32.6772 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line

Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)
Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)
Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction

Zone-1 setting
Positive sequence resistance R1
Positive sequence reactance X1
Zone-2 setting
Positive sequence resistance R1
Positive sequence reactance X1
Zone-3 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1
Positive sequence reactance , X2
Zone-4 setting
Positive sequence resistance , R1
Positive sequence reactance , X1
= 0.8 x 1.82695
= 1.46156 ohms/phase
= 0.8 x 9.74175
= 7.7934 ohms/phase
Z1 = 1.46156+j 7.7934 ohms/phase
Z1= 7.92926 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 1.82695
= 2.19233 ohms/phase
= 1.2 x 9.74175
= 11.6901 ohms/phase
Z2 = 2.19233+j11.6901 ohms/phase
Z2 = 11.8939 ohms/phase
= 2 x 1.82695
= 3.2046 ohms/phase
= 2 x 9.74175
= 17.108 ohms/phase
Z3 = 3.2046+j17.108 ohms/phase
Z3 = 19.8232 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 1.82695
= 0.36539 ohms/phase
= 0.2 x 9.74175
= 1.94835 ohms/phase
Z4 = 0.36539+j1.94835 ohms/phase

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
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415229 00 68/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
YN1M 300 624-SET
UASE 06 40 06 40
 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

Z4 = 1.9823 ohms/phase

Setting of Distance Zones

The values of Zi (i=1,2,3) for the zones can be set using the formula :
Zi = ZM * mi * 100/Ni Ohms/phase
m= 10
m1/N1 = Z1/(100*ZM)
= 6.9543/(100*0.1)
m1/N1 = 0.84782
m1= 10
N1 = 13
m2/N2 = Z2/(100*Zm)
= 10.4433/(100*0.1)
m2/N2 = 1.04433
m2 = 100
N2= 84
m3/N3 = Z3/(100*Zm)
= 17.4055/(100*0.1)
m3/N3 = 1.74055
m3= 100
N3= 50
REPLICA IMPEDANCE (ZM)= 0.1
REPLICA ANGLE (PHI-M) = 85

Setting Of Under Impedance Starter

ZA= (1.82695+j*9.74175)+(1.2*(0.0748748+j*0.399252)*61*0.4)
Load Impedance = 220*220/ 3783.99
ZA= 1.60232 +j 18.7968
ZA is less than 0.65 * Load Impedance.
ZA is set according to the formula :
ZA = 50 * ZM * 100/NA
NA = 50*100*0.1/21.8055
Reverse to forward reach ratio kB = ZB/ZA = 0.3

Setting Of Zero Seq. Compensation Factor:

ko= Z0-Z1/3*Z1
=((0.219978+j*1.33923)-(0.0748748+j*0.399252))/(3*(0.0748748+j*0.399252))
=0.3

The Recommended Settings

m1 = 10

N1 = 13

m2 = 100

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 UTTARANCHAL POWER CORP.LTD / SETTING CALCULATIONS

N2 = 84

m3 = 100

N3 = 50

ZM = 0.1

PHI-M = 85

ko = 0.3

kB = 0.3

Checked by Nagendra Description

UTTARANCHAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
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415229 00 70/70
Issued by Dept . Yr. Wk Drg. No. Yr. wk
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UASE 06 40 06 40