natural resources hypothesis

Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind. This
includes all valued characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, and electrical
properties and forces. On earth it
includes: sunlight, atmosphere, water, land (includes all minerals) along with
all vegetation and animal life that naturally subsists upon or within the heretofore
identified characteristics and substances.[1][2][3][4]

Particular areas such as the rainforest in Fatu-Hiva are often characterized by

the biodiversity and geodiversity existent in their ecosystems. Natural resources
may be further classified in different ways. Natural resources are materials and
components (something that can be used) that can be found within the
environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources (at its
fundamental level). A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as
fresh water, air, and as well as a living organism such as a fish, or it may exist in
an alternate form that must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal
ores, petroleum, and most forms of energy.

There is much debate worldwide over natural resource allocations, this is

particularly true during periods of increasing scarcity and shortages (depletion
and overconsumption of resources) but also because the exportation of natural
resources is the basis for many economies (particularly for developed countries).

Some natural resources such as sunlight and air can be found everywhere, and
are known as ubiquitous resources. However, most resources only occur in small
sporadic areas, and are referred to as localized resources. There are very few
resources that are considered inexhaustible (will not run out in foreseeable
future) these are solar radiation, geothermal energy, and air (though access to
clean air may not be). The vast majority of resources are theoretically
exhaustible, which means they have a finite quantity and can be depleted if
managed improperly.

There are various methods of categorizing natural resources, these include

source of origin, stage of development, and by their renewability.
On the basis of origin, natural resources may be divided into two types:

Biotic Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere (living and
organic material), such as forests and animals, and the materials that can be
 obtained from them. Fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are also
included in this category because they are formed from decayed organic
matter.

Abiotic Abiotic resources are those that come from non-living, non-
organic material. Examples of abiotic resources include land,
fresh water, air and heavy metals including ores such
as gold, iron, copper, silver, etc.

Objectives

1. To spread tropical environmental conservation awareness at all levels of

the community, promote the wise use of natural resources and to become
the most effective independent tropical water, air & soil conservation group
in Malaysia.
2. To conserve the tropical environment in collaboration with the
Government institutions and the relevant national and international NGOs.
3. To implement pilot water, air & soil rehabilitation projects at community
level in tropics.
4. To advocate for enforcement of environmental laws and challenge
infringes on the tropical environment.
-The overall object of the Society shall be to promote the conservation of
wildlife and the environment in tropics for the benefit of their people.
-The Society shall be a non-profit making organization and none of its net
income or net worth shall innure to the benefit of its members.

Develop an appreciation for the ecological diversity of the state

Understand the historical importance of natural resources in the
economic development of the South, particularly Alabama.
Understand the impact of changes in lifestyles and the economic
base of the region and the state and the implications for land
management
Understand the guiding principles of land stewardship and economic
sustainability
Focus
The focus is practice-driven to include hands-on experiences, field
trips, and similar types of experiential learning to supplement an
understanding of basic guiding principles inherent in ecological
systems as a sustainable natural resource.

Learn to manage our natural assets

Students will study an interdisciplinary approach to the use,
management, and protection of land and water resources and will
explore topics in environmental education, while preparing for careers
in land use policy and laws.

Literature Reviews

Cropland

Environmental Benefits of Conservation on Cropland: The Status of

Our Knowledge , 2006. A synthesis of the literature to determine
what is known and not known about the environmental benefits of
applying conservation practices to cropland. The Agricultural Research
Service, assisted by the Soil and Water Conservation Society led the
review. Fish and Wildlife Fish & Wildlife Benefits of Farm Bill
Conservation Programs 2000-2005 Update, October 2005. Farm Bill
conservation programs are producing numerous and substantial
conservation benefits. Benefits accrue directly from practices targeted
towards fish and wildlife as well as through indirect benefits such as
reductions in sediments in streams and establishment of habitat
through practices not specifically targeting wildlife. Many benefits to
wildlife have been documented, especially those associated with the
Conservation Reserve Program. Many other benefits are suspected, but
have not been documented. Fish and Wildlife Response to Farm Bill
Conservation Practices, September 2007. This volume addresses
conservation practices that can be used to provide fish and wildlife
benefits through the Farm Bill. It does not specifically focus on
investigations of actual Farm Bill-funded projects but rather
summarizes investigations that have addressed various benefits or
impacts to fish and wildlife resources associated with the primary
practices utilized for fish and wildlife objectives within Farm Bill
programs. Both documents were published by The Wildlife Society
in cooperation with USDA's National Resources Conservation Service
and the Farm Service Agency. Hard copies are available for purchase
from The Wildlife Society or by contacting Charles Rewa. Grazing
Lands Conservation Benefits of Rangeland Practices: Assessment,
Recommendations, and Knowledge Gaps, October 2011. The rangeland
literature synthesis provides an unprecedented source of evidence-
based information to guide the development and assessment of
management practices and conservation programs on the nations
rangelands. It assesses the effectiveness of seven NRCS-
recommended rangeland conservation practices: Prescribed Grazing,
Prescribed Fire, Brush Management, Range Planting, Riparian
Management Practices, Wildlife Management Practices, and Invasive

Revelance

Natural resource management issues are inherently complex they involve the
ecological cycles, hydrological cycles, climate, animals, plants and geographetc.
All these are dynamic and inter-related. A change in one of them may have far
reaching and/or long term impacts which may even be irreversible. In addition to
the natural systems, natural resource management also has to manage various
stakeholders and their interests, policies, politics, geographical boundaries,
economic implications and the list goes on. It is very difficult to satisfy all aspects
at the same time. This results in conflicting situations.
After the United Nations Conference for the Environment and Development
(UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, most nations subscribed to new
principles for the integrated management of land, water, and forests. Although
program names vary from nation to nation, all express similar aims.
The various approaches applied to natural resource management include:

Top-down (command and control)

Community-based natural resource management

Adaptive management
 Precautionary approach

Integrated natural resource management

Community-based natural resource management[edit]
The community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approach
combines conservation objectives with the generation of economic benefits for
rural communities. The three key assumptions being that: locals are better
placed to conserve natural resources, people will conserve a resource only if
benefits exceed the costs of conservation, and people will conserve a resource
that is linked directly to their quality of life.[5] When a local people's quality of life is
enhanced, their efforts and commitment to ensure the future well-being of the
resource are also enhanced.[22] Regional and community based natural resource
management is also based on the principle of subsidiarity.
The United Nations advocates CBNRM in the Convention on Biodiversity and the
Convention to Combat Desertification. Unless clearly defined, decentralised NRM
can result an ambiguous socio-legal environment with local communities racing
to exploit natural resources while they can e.g. forest communities in central
Kalimantan (Indonesia).[23]

material and methods

Natural resources can be conserved through various methods. Use of

alternative resources can conserve a given resource, but is done at the cost
of the alternatives. Finding different ways of accomplishing the task or
process that require smaller amounts of resources could be another method
of conservation. Improved processing methods may allow for more efficient
extraction of natural resources or may increase the amount of finished
product yielded from a given amount of the raw resource. Some natural
resources can be conserved through efforts aimed at sustaining renewable
resources.

Possibly the most recognizable method of conserving resources is to recycle

resources previously used. By reprocessing and using the same materials,
the need to locate and consume new raw materials can be reduced. When
new uses are developed for a given natural resource, there may be no
alternative but to use that resource until further research may uncover other
materials that could be used.

The SEQ Natural Resource Management Plan 2009-2031 (NRM Plan) is the preeminent
natural resource management plan for the SEQ region. The Regional Plan gives weight to
the NRM Plan by identifying it as the Program to achieve several other DROs.
Responsibility for implementation of the targets in the plan does not rest with specific
agencies or organisations. Rather, the intention of the NRM Plan is to recognise that all
stakeholders have a role to play in implementing the targets.

The NRM Plan highlights a number of regional natural resource targets under the
categories of air and atmosphere, coastal and marine, community, land, nature
conservation, regional landscape areas, traditional owners and water. As a Guiding
Principle, ecosystem services is at the core of the NRM Plan therefore the targets should
be aligned so as to maintain ecosystem functions and ecosystem services across the SEQ
region:

Guiding Principle 2: The natural environment provides a range of goods and services.
These goods and services are known as 'ecosystem services' and the preservation and
management of these are essential for the region's response to climate change, long-term
economic, social, cultural and environmental sustainability, and community quality of
life.

Integrated natural resource management (INRM) is a process of managing

natural resources in a systematic way, which includes multiple aspects of natural
resource use (biophysical, socio-political, and economic) meet production goals
of producers and other direct users (e.g., food security, profitability, risk aversion)
as well as goals of the wider community (e.g., poverty alleviation, welfare of
future generations, environmental conservation). It focuses on sustainability and
at the same time tries to incorporate all possible stakeholders from the planning
Description Methods

Some important roles of individuals in maintaining peace, harmony and equity in

nature are as:
1. Instead of deforestation, representation should keep in mind. We should take
help from the Govt, for plantation programmes. Everybody should take part in
plantation and care the plants.

2. People should at once stop the over utilization of natural resources instead they
must be properly used.

3. We should make habit for waste disposal, compose and to restore biodiversity.

4. Mixed cropping, crop rotation, and proper use of fertilizer, insecticide and
pesticides should be taught to farmers. Encourage the use of manures,
biofertilizers and organic fertilizers.

5. We should protect wildlife. Though hunting is not allowed even then the
persons are doing so. For this educated young should teach the lesson of wildlife
act.

6. We must develop energy saving methods to avoid wastage of energy. We

should remember "energy saved is energy produced."

7. Use drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation to improve irrigation efficiency

and reduce evaporation.

8. Utilize renewable energy sources as much as possible. Encourage use of solar

cooker, pump etc.

9. We should recycle the waste and waste water for agriculture purposes.

10. Install rain water harvesting system in houses, colonies.

11. Try to educate local people for the protection and judicious use of natural
resources.

Result & Conclusion

 For resolving the increasing stress on the environment and resources, and
also responding to the ever-increasing demands of the citizens for environmental
quality protection and improvement in ecological environment, the Environmental
Protection Bureau (DSPA) conducted the environmental master planning of
Macao SAR, in order to realize the vision of "Building a Low Carbon Macao,
Creating Green Living Together".

On the basis of coordinating with other related planning and analyzing the
current challenges in the environment, the present Environmental Planning has
proposed the planning vision and objectives, together with a preliminary scheme
for environmental functional districts and environmental functional district
management. Under the three principal themes of "Optimizing the Environment
Suitable for Living and Tourism", "Promoting a Conservation and Recycling-
oriented Society" and "Integrating into the Green and Quality Region", this
planning has also established 11 green indicators for the Environmental
Planning, proposed 15 areas of concern and their strategic direction, formulated
various major actions, and established the implementation and supervision
mechanisms, in order to enhace the environmental management capability of the
Macao SAR Government and guarantee the execution of the planning. In the
meantime, this planning, based on the requirements in the vision of "Building a
Low Carbon Macao, Creating Green Living Together" has also proposed a
demand for coordinating the regional environment, taking into consideration of
the integrated development in the environment, building jointly a quality-living
area.

The "Environmental Protection Planning of Macao (2010-2020)", as the

first environmental planning of Macao, has systematically depicted the roadmap
of future environmental management works in Macao. The Environmental
Planning, on the one hand, has proposed objectives in improving environmental
quality and guidance in actions to be taken for Macao up to year 2020.On the
other hand, it has also acted as the foundation of the environmental management
works in Macao, in the view of harmonizing the environment, society and
economy, leading for the sustainable social and economic development.

This planning aims to establish the planning objectives and indicators in a

forward-looking way, and execute and implement the actions for improving the
environment according to their priority. We have to point out that formulation and
implementation of this planning is a dynamic process, which relies on the
participation of general public, and should be reviewed, amended and improved
in accordance with the actual status of the social and economic development,
supported by the input of corresponding resources, in order to facilitate and
ensure the implementation of this planning.

Suggestion

Preservation of the natural environment is essential for maintaining community

sustainability. This section presents various approaches and techniques used
successfully in different communities to protect and restore their natural
resources.

Water
Adequate water supplies of high quality are necessary both for community use
and local ecosystems. Communities and jurisdictions must work together to
assure an adequate water supply to meet future needs. This section presents
resources to aid in that effort.

Energy
Communities require energy. Nonrenewable sources for power generation,
home and workplace, and transportation cause pollution and its harmful
impacts. Energy conservation and the use of renewable fuels provide cost-
effective and more sustainable alternatives. This section contains resources
available to make energy use more efficient.

Air and Climate

Both the natural ecosystem and human health can be adversely impacted by
declining air quality and climatic change. Communities can preserve air quality
by limiting or eliminating the discharge of harmful chemicals into the air and
by minimizing the sources of air pollution. This section contains resources and
approaches that address air quality and climate change.

Biodiversity
Biodiversity is particularly important for creating sustainability because of the
specialized roles each species plays in maintaining ecological balance.
Communities can promote healthy wildlife by supporting integrative
approaches for managing, protecting, and enhancing wildlife populations and
habitats appropriate to their area. Some examples are given here.

Land, Forests, and Ecosystems

While providing a protective covering for soil, water, and the atmosphere,
forests are also renewable sources of an endless variety of products. In a
healthy ecosystem, policies and programs must balance economic and
conservation needs. This section highlights cases where communities have
developed land use practices and businesses that both conserve ecosystems and
enhance local economies.

Biblography

http://www.dspa.gov.mo/envplanningbook/a/en/ebook/part8/

http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/node/10349

http://gradestack.com/CBSE-Class-8th-
Complete/Resources/Conclusion/14828-2938-2227-study-wtw

http://www.sustainable.org/environment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_management

https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/technical/nra/ceap/bl
r/

http://www.ijcv.org/index.php/ijcv/article/view/113

https://www2.units.it/biologia/ricappl/sunrise/OBJECTIVES.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource