2

(1)
2-1

a a =0

v
w w

s s

(2)
a s w
a 0 s w
s s w

v w
s
s 100 d

v
100 100 (%)
1

w
100 (%)
s

w s s
r 100 (%)
v w

s d
s
s w w

s w
t


s t w s s
d
1 /100 1 1

s
sat w
1

s
sub w
1

2 - 1
1.
( 1 )
63.5kg 75cm 30cm
50
50/ 30 ( 50/15 100)

( 2 )
2-1 quN/mm 2

2 24 48 815 1530 30
qu 0.025 0.0250.05 0.050.1 0.10.2 0.20.4 0.4

(3)
2 ( )
80TerzaghiPeck 0.00625 (/mm 2 )

(4)

2-2

(Relative Density)
Meyerhof
r ( )( )

0 4 (Very Loose) 0.00.2 28.5 30
410 (Loose) 0.20.4 28.530 3035
1030 (Medium) 0.40.6 3036 3540
3050 (Dense) 0.60.8 3641 4045
50 (Very Dense) 0.81.0 41 45

(5)

d cm/sec

d





2-3
5m 75m 425m 2mm 4.75mm 19mm 75mm 300mm

10 2 10 1 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9

(GW),(GP)
GW,SW (SM),(SC),(ML)
SW,WP,GM (CH),(MH),(VH)

Hazen 0.70.03 2 50150

100 2 (cm/sec) 10 cm
Creager 0.359 20 2.327 (cm/sec) 20 20 mm

2 - 2
2.
2-4


L() P() tf/m 3
520 2.62.8 1.62.0 0.51.0
2040 2.52.7 3050 2040 1.61.8 1.12.0
3060 2.52.7 4070 3050 1.51.6 1.52.5
50100 2.52.7 40120 3070 1.41.7 1.53.0

2-5


(%) e W(%) d(kN/m 3 ) sat(kN/m 3 )
46 0.85 32 14.01 18.52
34 0.51 19 17.15 20.48
40 0.67 25 15.58 19.50
30 0.43 16 18.13 21.07
55 1.22 45 11.66 17.05
37 0.59 22 16.37 19.99
66 1.94 70 8.82 15.29
75 3.00 110 6.47 13.82
84 5.25 194 4.12 12.35

2-6



kN/m 3 kN/m 2 ( )

20 40 0 (GW)(GP)

20 35 0
(SW)(SP)
19 30 0
19 25 30 (SM)(SC)
(ML)(CL)
18 15 50
(MH)(CH)
14 20 10 (VH)

20 40 0

(GW)(GP)

18 35 0

21 40 0
(GW)(GP)
19 35 0

20 35 0
(SW)(SP)
18 30 0
19 30 30
(SM)(SC)
17 25 0
18 25 50

17 20 30 (ML)(CL)
16 15 15
17 20 50
(CH)(MH)
16 15 30
(ML)
14 10 15
14 5(u) 30 (VH)

2 - 3
3. Jeffery

(1)

P 2 h0 c os 1 h0 c os 2 c os2 1 c os2 2 x
U = - ( 1+ ) R 2( 1- ) - ( 1- 2 ) - 2( 1- ) + ( 1- 2 ) + h 0- a - h 0+ a
E 0 a R1 a R2 R 21 R 22 a

P 2 h0 sin 1 h0 sin 2 si n21 sin22 x

V =- ( 1+ ) R 2( 1- ) - ( 1- 2 ) + 2( 1- ) + ( 1- 2 ) + h0- a - h0+a
E 0 a R1 a R2 R21 R22 a

a= h 20- R 20

R 1= ( x - a) 2 + y 2 R 2= ( x +a) 2 + y 2
y y
1=t an - 1 2=t an - 1

0,0
2 x - a x +a

2


1
0
1 t 0
kN 2
0 10.0
kN 2
0
0

2-2

(2)

2-7


(kN/m 2 ) (kN/m 2 ) (kN/m 2 )
24 3,000 0.45 15 50 6
1 800 0.49 16 10 0

23 2,400 0.45 16 30 6
4 5,000 0.45 16 30 10
15 15,000 0.40 17 60 15
6 5,000 0.45 15 80 6
812 10,000 0.45 15 80 6
25 20,000 0.45 15 80 6
10 8,000 0.35 18 0.0 2530
20 10,000 0.35 18 0.0 2530
30 20,000 0.35 18 0.0 35
40 25,000 0.35 18 0.0 38
50 35,000 0.35 18 0.0 42
50 50,000 0.35 18 0.0 42
40 30,000 0.30 20 0.0 39

50 50,000 0.30 20 0.0 42

2 - 4
4.

Jeffery 2 Limanov

(1) 2
P 4 R0 h
Umax = 1- 2
E h 2 - R2
0 0

t
kN/ 2 10.0
kN/ 2
0
0

(2)
Aversin
2

4 4x
x 2a
U = Umax 1- e
2a

b>1.5 2.0a

m ax x

( 2)

2-3

(3)
2

2 - 5
5.
(1)

Terzaghi

B1(- C/B1)
q = v = (1- e-kotanH/B1)+Poe-kotanH/B1
Kotan

/4+/2
B1 = Rocot
2

0 0

<2

q = v = (-c/B1)+o

(kN/)
vTerzaghi (kN/)
o ( o1 )
( )
o (10kN/)
(kN/)
(kN/ )
o ()
o(e0.1)/2
c ()

,C,

B1

v
o
R

/4+/2
/4- /2

2-4

2 - 6
(2) (GL-10m )

B1(1- C1/B1)
v1 = (1- e-kotan1H1/B1)+Poe-kotan1H1/B1
Kotan1

B1(2- C2/B1)
v2 = (1- e-kotan2H2/B1)+v1e-kotan2H2/B1
Kotan2

B1(i- Ci/B1)
vi = (1- e-kotaniHi/B1)+vi-1e-kotaniHi/B1
Kotani

B1(n- Cn/B1)
q = vn = (1- e-kotannHn/B1)+vn-1e-kotannHn/B1
Kotann

/4+/2
B1 = B1 = Rocot
2

v1
H1

1 , C 1 , 1

v2
H2

2 , C 2 , 2

vi
v , Cv , v
Hi
Hn

vn
n , Cn , n
o
R

/4+/2

2-5

2 - 7
6.

r
r
0.2752
kN/ 2
kNmm
r

( 1 )
2-8 kN/m

D 1 2 1 2
800 35.4 70.7 57.9 106.0
900 38.3 76.5 64.8 115.0
1000 41.2 82.4 71.6 124.0
1100 42.7 85.4 78.5 128.0
1200 44.2 88.3 86.3 133.0
1350 47.1 94.2 98.1 142.0
1500 50.1 101.0 110.0 151.0
1650 53.0 106.0 122.0 159.0
1800 55.9 112.0 134.0 168.0
2000 58.9 118.0 142.0 177.0
2200 61.8 124.0 149.0 186.0
0.05mm

( 2 )

0.3180.239
kN/
kN/

( 3 )
120
0.275 2
kN/ 2

( 4 )



r r

( 5 )
2-6

2 - 8
7.
( 1 ) kN 1000ma
ma
c50 mm 2 ma13.0 mm 2
c70 mm 2 ma17.5 mm 2 14
c90 mm 2 ma22.5 mm 2 14

( 2 )
ca c/ kN
ca N/mm 2
c N/mm 2
2

( 3 )
3.7210 5 0.61110 8 2 6.32210 10 3 9.80665
N/mm 2

( 4 )
max 1.872mean19.110 6
max
mean

( 5 )
c50mm 2 ca2mm 2
ca 2 64910 6 max mean33610 6
2 ma130mm 2

( 6 )
2 2 4
212

( 7 )
2-9
D1-3 r Ae W Fa (kN)
2 2
D (mm) (m) (m ) (kN/m) 50N/mm 70N/mm 2 90N/mm 2
800 930 0.4400 0.1766 5.314 2,296 3,091 3,974
900 1050 0.4950 0.2297 6.725 2,986 4,020 5,169
1000 1170 0.5500 0.2897 8.303 3,767 5,070 6,519
1100 1280 0.6025 0.3365 9.550 4,374 5,888 7,570
1200 1400 0.6565 0.4084 11.415 5,309 7,147 9,189
1350 1560 0.7375 0.4800 13.917 6,239 8,399 10,799
1500 1740 0.8200 0.6107 17.330 7,939 10,688 13,741
1650 1910 0.9000 0.7270 20.380 9,451 12,722 16,357
1800 2080 0.9800 0.8533 23.671 11,092 14,932 19,198
2000 2310 1.0875 1.0494 28.730 13,642 18,364 23,611
2200 2540 1.1950 1.2657 34.276 16,455 22,151 28,479
1 3 2 2 4
2.45
ma c50mm 2 13mm 2
c70mm 2 17.5mm 2 c90mm 2 22.5mm 2

2 - 9
8.

90
BC g

1
FBC sin = Rg= 2
L a 2 r qa
2
(1.5)

2 L a r qa
Fa =
1.5 sin

FBC :BC
Fa
Rg
r
L
a = 2sin - 1 2( R- D/2)
R
D
L a L /
L
1.090

= - 13.917Rt - 0.579RL + 10.506Rt RL + 2.033

2-10

2.43 1.20 2.43 1.2
600 3.505 1.821 1500 1.385 1.055
700 2.922 1.566 1650 1.322 1.041
800 2.074 1.349 1800 1.275 1.033
900 1.915 1.270 2000 1.229 1.019
1000 1.787 1.207 2200 1.194 1.010
1100 1.641 1.167 2400 1.167 1.003
1200 1.566 1.127 2600 1.145 1.000
1350 1.453 1.094 2800 1.128 1.000
1500 1.385 1.055 3000 1.113 1.000

Rt t /Di
RL L /Di
Di
t

r
qa
=M a /(0.239r 2) 90
M a
=0.318Pr +0.239Wr
P

2 - 10
 2-11 a

Ma
i t r( (kN/m) P (kN/m) (kNmm) (kN/)
800 80 0.4400 5.308 35.4 5.511 119.112
900 90 0.4950 6.718 38.3 6.824 116.521
1000 100 0.5500 8.294 41.2 8.296 114.75
1100 105 0.6025 9.54 42.7 9.555 110.131
1200 115 0.6575 11.402 44.2 11.033 106.786
1350 125 0.7375 13.902 47.1 13.497 103.825
1500 140 0.8200 17.311 50.1 16.457 102.404
1650 150 0.9000 20.358 53.0 19.548 100.974
1800 160 0.9800 23.645 55.9 22.959 100.023
2000 175 1.0875 28.698 58.9 27.828 98.452
2200 190 1.1950 34.238 61.8 33.263 97.461
2400 205 1.3025 40.265 64.8 39.374 97.109
2600 220 1.4100 46.777 67.7 46.119 97.06
2800 235 1.5175 53.776 70.7 53.621 97.427
3000 250 1.6250 61.261 73.6 61.825 97.962

2-12 2 a

Ma
i t r( (kN/m) P (kN/m) (kNmm) (kN/)
800 80 0.4400 5.308 70.70 10.451 225.868
900 90 0.4950 6.718 76.50 12.837 219.207
1000 100 0.5500 8.294 82.40 15.502 214.420
1100 105 0.6025 9.540 85.40 17.736 204.430
1200 115 0.6575 11.402 88.30 20.254 196.029
1350 125 0.7375 13.902 94.20 24.543 188.802
1500 140 0.8200 17.311 101.00 29.729 184.993
1650 150 0.9000 20.358 106.00 34.716 179.327
1800 160 0.9800 23.645 112.00 40.442 176.191
2000 175 1.0875 28.698 118.00 48.266 170.760
2200 190 1.1950 34.238 124.00 56.900 166.716
2400 205 1.3025 40.265 130.00 66.380 163.713
2600 220 1.4100 46.777 136.00 76.743 161.511
2800 235 1.5175 53.776 142.00 88.028 159.943
3000 250 1.6250 61.261 148.00 100.271 158.881
-

2 - 11
9.
(1)

2-7 (F BC Sin)

P BC
P BC

2


sin

2-7 BC

1 F BC sin
F BC sin = 2 L a 2 r p BC p BC =
2 L a 2 r

PBC :(kN)
FBC :BC(kN)
()
La (m)
=L/
L (/)
(1.0)90)
=-13.917Rt-0.579RL10.506RtRL2.033
2
r (m)

(2)

('')tan 2 (452)2tan(452)

1 kN/

(3)
P BC P

PBC :P
PBC :P

2 - 12
10.
(1)


2000 20

fBRd


f fBRd
1
d /2 d
+dF
D. Rd
d
2

2-8

(2)

cos(2) cos(2)

0 cos(/2) 1

1

kN/m 2
kN/m 2
kN/m

(3)
sin(2)sin(2)

0 sin(2) (2)

(2)

( 4 )
21

( )

0 1 2

F2

F1
2 1
2 1
2 1 ( 1)

2 1 3

2 - 13
11.




-2003- P119 2-9

(1)
o R
kN
o kN o e w c 2) 2
e 4 kN/ 2
20
w 20 kN/ 2
c
R kN

2-13 R


TYPE TYPE
1.2 1.0 0.6
4
10
2.0 3.0(G/100) 1.5 1.0(G/100) 1.0 1.0(G/100)

10 3
2.0 3.0(G/100) 1.5 2.0(G/100) 1.0 2.0(G/100)

(2)

2 1 R 1 1

2
1

=2.718282
( 1 - 7 )
IA = CL/R rad
1 kN/m
m

( 1)
=R

2-14


TYPE TYPE

0.3 0.2 0.1

10 4
0.3 0.2 0.1

10 3
0.3 0.3 0.2

2 - 14
(3)

800 160.0
20
5.0 GL-1.00

2-9

Fo = (Pe + Pw)(Bs 2) 2
= (80.000 + 64.800 ) (0.960 / 2 )^2
= 104.81

F o Fo 0 (kN)
Pe Pe = 420 = 80 (kN/m 2 )
Pw Pw = 10.0 (4.00 +0.96 / 2) + 20.0
= 64.8 (kN/m 2 )
w w = 10.0 (kN/m 3 )
h' h' = 4.00 (m)
Bc (m) Bc = 0.96 (m)
Bs (m) Bs = 0.96 (m)

f = R S = 1.200 3.016 = 3.619 (kN)

R 1-6
R = 1.20 (kN/m 2 )
S S = Bc = 0.96 = 3.016 (m)
Bc Bc = 0 .96 (m)

Ft1 = Fo f L1
= 104.810 3.619 80.000
= 394.33 (kN)

Fc1 = t1 e ( ) f C L 1
= 394.33 e(0.15 0. 30) 1.022 3.619 30.000
= 523.428 (kN)

1 = {e ( ) -1} / = 1.022
e ( ) = 1.046
e = 2.718282
= C L 1 / R 1 = 30.000 / 200.000 = 0.15
= 0.3

Ft2 = Fc1 f L2
= 523.428 3.619 50.000
= 704.378 (kN)

704.378 kN

2 - 15
12.
( 1 )




4
4




3

(2)

sin

cos

2-10

20 = 20cos2 + 20si n 2 = 2H + 2V 0 = 2H + 2V

2 2
D 0L D 0L D 0L
0 = = +
R 0 - D 0/ 2 R H - D 0/ 2 R V - D 0/ 2

D 0L
H = = 0cos = b - a
R H - D 0/ 2
D 0L
V = = 0si n = d - c
R V - D 0/ 2

D 0L ( R H - D 0/ 2) ( R V - D 0/ 2)
R 0 - D 0/ 2 = =
2 2
D 0L D 0L ( R H - D 0/ 2) 2+( R V - D 0/ 2) 2
+
R H - D 0/ 2 R V - D 0/ 2

R H R V
D 0/ 2 R0 =
R H 2 +R 2V

H V
= cos- 1 = si n - 1
0 0

2 - 16
13.
(1)



2-11


1 2

Do

S4

5mm

dDo()S

90 90

2-11 2-12

(2)

2-15

30 60
40 80
60 120

2



1 2 1/2
1

:()
:()
:(

(3)

( :(m) :Do(m)2) (m)

(m)
:Do(m)

2 - 17
14.

( 1 )
JSWAS A-2-1999

2-16 1

JSWAS
JA
A-2-1991
JA KHK S-1
JB JWJPAS J-2
JB JHPAS-25
JC JWJPAS J-2N

JSWAS A-8-2002

2-17 2

JSWAS
GJA
A-8-1992
GJA KHK S-1
GJC SS JSLPAS S-1
GJC JWJPAS J-2N
GJC JHPAS-25

JSWAS K-12-2001

2-18 3

JSWAS
RJC
K-12-1992

( 2 )
( MAX )
1/3 800 1/4 600 1/5 500 1/6 400
( ) ( )
JSWAS A-2 3 (3 )4 (4 )5 (5 )

:800 3000

CPC -1964

JWJPAS J-5-1994

2 - 18
15.

JSWAS A-2 -1999

( 1 )
2-19

1

50 X51
1
70 X71 8003000
2 50 X52
JA JB JC
S XS
1 50 XT51 10003000
T
2 50 XT52
51 51
50mm 2 1

12

2-20

(MPa) ()

JA 0.1 30
JB 0.2 40
JC 0.2 60

( 2 )
2-21


(MPa) (mm)

30 2
0.15
JA 45
0.10 67
40 1.5
0.25
JB 60
24300.01537mm
0.20 77
60
0.25 303767mm
JC 90 403777mm
0.20 97 603797mm

(3)
2-22



JSWAS
JA JA1 E
A-2-1991
JA JA2 HJP KHK S-1
JB JB1 EW JWJPAS J-2
JB JC1 NS JHPAS-25
JC JC2 ENW JWJPAS J-2N
JSWAS
JC JC2 RT,RM
K-12-2001

2 - 19
 JSWAS A8 2002

(W/C)2429%
70N/ 2 90N/ 2

( 1 )

2-23

1

70 X71
1
90 X91
70 X72
2 8003000
90 X92
70 X73
3
90 X93
GJA
S XS
GJC
70 XT 71
1
90 XT 91
70 XT 72 10003000
T 2
90 XT 92
70 XT 73
3
90 XT 93
GJAGJC

2-24

(mm)
(MPa)
GJA 0.1 30 E HJP
SS
GJC 0.2 60
W N NS

(2)

2-25

1 2P(2K) 2 4P(4K) 3 6P(6K)

2 - 20