Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Electronic Commerce 2008, Efraim Turban, et al.
Learning Objectives
6-3
6-4
B2B Electronic Exchanges
An Overview
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6-6
B2B Electronic Exchanges
An Overview
zvertical exchange
An exchange whose members are in one
industry or industry segment. It trades
only in materials/services unique for that
industry
zhorizontal exchange
An exchange that handles materials
used by companies in different industries
6-7
6-8
B2B Electronic Exchanges
An Overview
z The typical process that results in dynamic pricing in
most exchanges:
1. A company posts a bid to buy a product or an offer to sell
one
2. An auction (forward or reverse) is activated
3. Buyers and sellers can see the bids and offers that usually
remain anonymous
4. Buyers and sellers interact with bids and offers in real time
Sometimes group purchasing is used to obtain a volume
discount price
5. A deal is struck when there is an exact match between a
buyer and a seller on price, volume, and other variables,
such as location or quality
6. The deal is consummated, and payment and delivery are
arranged
6-9
6-10
B2B Electronic Exchanges
An Overview
zOwnership of Exchanges
zOne company, usually an industry giant
zA neutral entrepreneur
zThe consortium (or co-op)
zGovernance and Organization
zMembership
zSite access and security
zServices provided by exchanges
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6-12
B2B Electronic Exchanges
An Overview
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6-14
B2B Electronic Exchanges
An Overview
zRevenue Models
zTransaction fees
zFee for service
zMembership fees
zAdvertising fees
zOther revenue sources
6-15
zB2B portals
Information portals for businesses
zvortals
B2B portals that focus on a single
industry or industry segment; vertical
portals
6-16
B2B Portals and Directories
6-17
Third-Party
and Directory Exchanges
zThird-party exchanges are characterized
by two contradicting properties
zThey are neutral because they do not favor
either sellers or buyers
zBecause they do not have a built-in
constituency of sellers or buyers, they
sometimes have a problem attracting
enough buyers and sellers to attain financial
viability
6-18
Third-Party
and Directory Exchanges
zmarket liquidity
The degree to which something can be
bought or sold in a marketplace without
significantly affecting its price. It is
determined by the number of buyers and
sellers in the market and the transaction
volume
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Third-Party
and Directory Exchanges
6-20
Third-Party
and Directory Exchanges
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6-22
Consortium Trading Exchanges
6-23
zPurchasing-Oriented Consortia
zVertical purchasing-oriented CTEs
zHorizontal purchasing-oriented CTEs
zSelling-Oriented Consortia
zSelling-oriented consortia are less common
than buying-oriented ones. Most selling-
oriented consortia are vertical
6-24
Consortium Trading Exchanges
6-25
zelasticity
The measure of the incremental spending
(demand) by buyers as a result of price
changing
zCombining consortia and third-party
exchanges
6-26
Dynamic Trading:
Matching and Auctions
zdynamic trading
Trading that occurs in situations when
prices are changing continuously, being
determined by supply and demand (e.g.,
in auctions)
6-27
Dynamic Trading:
Matching and Auctions
zMatching
zThe matching process may be more
complex than buying and selling in regular
auctions due to the need to match both
prices and quantities, and many cases,
quality, delivery times, and locations
zAuctions
zAn exchange may offer auction services as
one of its many activities
zAn exchange is fully dedicated to auctions
6-28
Dynamic Trading:
Matching and Auctions
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6-30
Partner and Supplier
Relationship Management
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6-32
Building and Integrating
E-Marketplaces and Exchanges
zBuilding E-Marketplaces
zThe Integration Issue
zExternal communications
zWeb/client access
zData exchange
zDirect application integration
zShared procedures
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6-34
B2B Networks
z Company-Centered (Private) Networks
z Provide the infrastructure for e-marketplaces
z Allow suppliers to communicate effectively and efficiently with
sub-suppliers along several tiers
z Increase the visibility of buyers, sellers, and other partners
along the supply chain and around the globe
z Operate on a large scale
z Foster collaboration and closer relationships among business
partners
z Enable industry-wide resource planning
z Provide support services, especially financial ones for the
benefit of trading partners
z Provide insurance, financial derivatives, and so on to reduce
risks in certain markets
6-35
B2B Networks
6-36
B2B Networks
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6-38
Other B2B Implementation Issues
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6-40
Managing and the
Future of Exchanges
z Evaluating Exchanges
z Centralized Management
z Critical Success Factors for
Exchanges
1. Early liquidity
2. The right owners
3. The right governance
4. Openness
5. A full range of services
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6-42
Managerial Issues
6-43