APPLICATIONS OF IR

SENSOR:SMART DC FAN &

VEHICLE COLLISION AVOIDANCE

Sathies T, Senthil Kumaar S, Shyam N

15MP09, 15MP10, 15MP11
ME Manufacturing Engineering
P.S.G. College of Technology, Coimbatore
SMART DC FAN
Introduction
Application Fans for ventilation
Based on energy savings
Fan works by detecting person
BLOCK DIAGRAM
LIST OF ITEMS USED
Item Quantity Item Quantity
470R (Resistor) 2 555 IC Timer 1
1K (Resistor) 3 BLDC Fan 1
10K (Resistor) 2 BC547 (Transistor) 4
10K Preset
1 9V Battery 1
(Potentiometer)
100K Preset
1 Battery Clip 1
(Potentiometer)
Male Relement 1 pin two 2(different
0.1uF (Capacitor) 1
side colors)
Female Relement 2 pin
100uF (Capacitor) 1 1
one side
IR LED 1 Breadboard 1
Photodiode 1 Jumper wires 5
RED LED 1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
INFRARED LED
 Common infrared LED that emits infrared rays has the same
appearance with visible light LED. Its appropriate operating
voltage is around 1.4v and the current is generally smaller than
20mA.

When using infrared rays to control correspondent unit, the

controlling distance is in direct ratio with the emitting power.
In order to lengthen its controlling distance, infrared LED
should be operated under pulse state as the effective
transmitting distance of the pulsed light (modulated light) is in
proportion with the wind-induced current of the pulses.
Infrared LED chips with different wavelengths can be applied in
extensive devices, for example:

1. Infrared LED chip with wavelength of 940nm: suitable to be used in

remote controller, such as remote controllers for household
appliances.
2. 808nm: suitable to be used in medical treatment appliances, space
optical communication, infrared illumination and the pumping
sources of the solid-state lasers.
3. 830nm: suitable to be used in the automated card reader system in
freeway.
4. 840nm: suitable to be used in colored zoom infrared waterproof
video camera.
5. 850nm: suitable to be used in video cameras that are applied in
digital photography, monitoring system, door phone, theft proof
alarm and so on.
6. 870nm: suitable to be used in video cameras in marketplace and
crossroad.
555 TIMER

The 555 timer which gets its name from the

three 5k resistors it uses to generate the two comparators
reference voltage, is a very cheap, popular and useful
precision timing device that can act as either a simple timer to
generate single pulses or long time delays, or as a relaxation
oscillator producing stabilized waveforms of varying duty
cycles from 50 to 100%.

The single 555 Timer chip in its basic form is a Bipolar 8-pin
mini Dual-in-line Package (DIP) device consisting of some 25
transistors, 2 diodes and about 16 resistors arranged to form
two comparators, a flip-flop and a high current output stage
BLOCK DIAGRAM
PHOTODIODE
A photodiode is a semiconductor device that
converts light into current. The current is generated when photons are
absorbed in the photodiode. A small amount of current is also produced
when no light is present. Photodiodes may contain optical filters, built-
in lenses, and may have large or small surface areas. Photodiodes
usually have a slower response time as their surface area increases.

Photodiodes are similar to regular semiconductor diodes except that

they may be either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or
packaged with a window or optical fiber connection to allow light to
reach the sensitive part of the device. Many diodes designed for use
specifically as a photodiode use a PIN junction rather than a pn
junction, to increase the speed of response. A photodiode is designed to
operate in reverse bias.
MATERIALS COMMONLY USED TO
PRODUCE PHOTODIODES

Silicon
Germanium
Indium gallium arsenide
Lead(II) sulfide
Mercury cadmium telluride
RESISTOR

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical

component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit
element. Resistors may be used to reduce current flow, and, at
the same time, may act to lower voltage levels within circuits.
In electronic circuits, resistors are used to limit current flow, to
adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines among other uses.
BC547TRANSISTOR
A BC547 transistor is a negative-positive-negative (NPN)
transistor that is used for many purposes. Together with other
electronic components, such as resistors, coils, and capacitors, it
can be used as the active component for switches and amplifiers.
Like all other NPN transistors, this type has an emitter terminal, a
base or control terminal, and a collector terminal. In a typical
configuration, the current flowing from the base to the emitter
controls the collector current. A short vertical line, which is the
base, can indicate the transistor schematic for an NPN transistor,
and the emitter, which is a diagonal line connecting to the base, is
an arrowhead pointing away from the base.
BREADBOARD

A breadboard is a construction base

for prototyping of electronics.. "Breadboard" is also a
synonym for "prototype".Because the solderless breadboard
does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy
to use for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting
with circuit design. A stripboard (veroboard) and similar
prototyping printed circuit boards, which are used to build
semi-permanent soldered prototypes or one-offs, cannot
easily be reused. A variety of electronic systems may be
prototyped by using breadboards, from small analog and
digital circuits to complete central processing units (CPUs).
CAPACITOR

A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-

terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy
temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors
vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical
conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric . The conductors can
be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive
electrolyte, etc. The non conducting dielectric acts to increase the
capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as
dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic
film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitor
stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its
plates.
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The DC fan is driven by a 555 IC Timer. Based on the IR LED

and photodiode arrangement, the secondary circuit gets activated
and the fan runs. The IR LED continuously emits IR light
(invisible to human eye) and the photodiode receives it. When
there is a blockage in between the IR LED and photodiode
arrangement, the fan runs. It means, the fan runs only when the
sensor detects a person. There is a red LED for power indication.