Grammar Enrichment: Grade 10

Grammar and Composition
Grammar Enrichment
Grade 10
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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Contents
Unit 10 Parts of Speech

10.1 Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
10.2 Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
10.3 ActionVerbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
10.3 Linking Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
10.4 Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
10.5 Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
10.6 Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
10.78 Conjunctions and Interjections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Unit 11 Parts of the Sentence

11.14 Subjects and Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11.5 Direct and Indirect Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
11.5 Object Complements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11.5 Subject Complements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Unit 12 Phrases
12.1 Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
12.2 Appositives and Appositive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12.3 Participles and Participial Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
12.3 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
12.3 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Unit 13 Clauses and Sentence Structure

13.4 Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
13.5 Adjective Clauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
13.6 Adverb Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
13.7 Noun Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
13.8 Four Kinds of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
13.9 Sentence Fragments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
13.10 Run-on Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Unit 15 Verb Tenses and Voice

15.23 Regular/Irregular Verbs and Verb Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
15.5 Progressive and Emphatic Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
15.6 Compatibility of Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement

16.23 Agreement with Linking Verbs and in Inverted Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
16.46 Agreement with Special Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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Contents
Unit 17 Using Pronouns Correctly

17.1 Case of Personal Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
17.2 Pronouns with and as Appositives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
17.4 Who and Whom in Questions and Subordinate Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
17.5 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
17.6 Clear Pronoun Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Unit 18 Using Modifiers Correctly

18.12 Degrees of Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
18.35 Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
18.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Unit 20 Capitalization
20.1 Capitalization of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
20.23 Capitalizing Proper Nouns and Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Unit 21 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers

21.13 End Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
21.4 The Colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
21.5 The Semicolon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
21.6 Commas with Coordinate Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
21.6 Commas and Compound Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
21.6 Commas with Parenthetical Expressions and Conjunctive Adverbs . . . . . . 45
21.6 Commas and Direct Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
21.6 Misuse of Commas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
21.78 Dashes and Parentheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
21.9 Quotation Marks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
21.10 Italics (Underlining) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
21.11 The Apostrophe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
21.14 Numbers and Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
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Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.1 Nouns
A. Identifying Nouns
List each noun in the following sentences. For each noun you list, write all of the following
terms that apply: concrete, abstract, singular, plural, possessive, proper, common, collective.
1. Agatha Christie was a famous mystery writer.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Her two most popular detectives are Hercule Poirot and Jane Marple.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. In Murder on the Orient Express, a group of people commit the crime.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The suspense in Christies novels often depends upon her clever plots.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Nouns
Write a sentence that includes each kind of noun listed. You may use the nouns in any order
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
you wish.
1. possessive, concrete, abstract _______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. singular, plural, proper, collective ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. common, proper, plural, abstract ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. collective, concrete, singular, possessive ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 1

Grammar Enrichment
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10.2 Pronouns
A. Using and Identifying Pronouns
Complete each sentence with an appropriate pronoun. In the blank following the sentence,
identify the pronoun you used as personal, possessive, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, inter-
rogative, relative, or indefinite.
1. The only thing we have to fear is fear __________________. __________________
2. __________________ of Steven Spielbergs movies do you like best? __________________
3. Harry cut __________________ while he was shaving. __________________
4. Is __________________ Dr. Sakamotos office? __________________
5. Juanita completed her report, __________________ was about animal rights, in less than
a week. __________________
6. Sally and Ken asked me to go with __________________ to the party.
__________________
7. All applicants for the job must provide __________________ own transportation.
__________________
8. I really like those deviled eggs. May I have __________________? __________________
9. __________________ will volunteer to head the committee? __________________
10. Students __________________ wish to participate in extracurricular sports must have
a physical examination. __________________
B. Using Pronouns and Identifying Antecedents

Write a short paragraph about a job or career you find interesting. You might wish to include
some questions you would like to ask someone about the job. Use pronouns appropriately.

Then identify the antecedent of each pronoun in your paragraph.
2 Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10

Grammar Enrichment
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10.3 Action Verbs

A. Identifying Action Verbs
Underline the action verb in each sentence. Then write whether the verb is transitive or intran-
sitive in the space provided.
1. Charlie Bird Parker played alto sax.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Louis Satchmo Armstrong originated scat.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. John Coltrane mastered the tenor sax.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Keith Jarrett plays with technical perfection.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Thelonius Monk composed in the field of bop.
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Action Verbs

1. Write an original sentence using a transitive action verb.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Write an original sentence using an intransitive action verb.
______________________________________________________________________________
C. Understanding Action Verbs

Write two or three sentences explaining the difference between transitive action verbs and
intransitive action verbs to a class of fifth graders.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.3 Linking Verbs

A. Identifying Linking Verbs
Underline the linking verb in each sentence.
1. Many people today are smokers.
2. Some smokers often seem inconsiderate of nonsmokers.
3. Nonsmokers sometimes feel victimized.
4. The nicotine in cigarette smoke is addictive.
5. Many smokers become trapped.
B. Using Auxiliary Verbs

Write two original sentences using forms of the verb be as part of a verb phrase.
Write three original sentences using helping verbs other than a form of be as part of
a verb phrase.

C. Understanding Verbs
Write two or three sentences explaining the use of linking verbs to someone who is just learn-
ing to speak English.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.4 Adjectives
A. Identifying Adjectives
List each adjective in the following sentences. After each adjective you list, write in parentheses
the word it modifies. Do not include articles.
1. Terri was the youngest and tallest student in her class.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. How proud I am of your performance!
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Many exotic plants were scattered about the hotels lobby.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The unruly audience was struck speechless by the mayors sudden announcement.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. A dozen taxis, yellow, green, and red, waited outside the Japanese embassy.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Adjectives
Write six brief sentences of your own. In each sentence use the kind of adjective named in
parentheses. Circle that adjective.
1. (possessive pronoun)_____________________________________________________________
2. (possessive noun) _______________________________________________________________
3. (proper) _______________________________________________________________________
4. (superlative degree) ______________________________________________________________
5. (positive degree) ________________________________________________________________
6. (comparative degree)_____________________________________________________________
C. Understanding Adjectives
Explain why possessive nouns and pronouns may also be thought of as adjectives. If you were
writing a grammar book, how would you classify these words? Why?

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.5 Adverbs
A. Identifying Adverbs
Adverbs can express time, place, degree, manner, and negativity. List each adverb in the follow-
ing sentences. After each adverb you list, write the word or phrase it modifies. Tell whether the
word modified is a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. Then write time, place, degree, manner, or
negativity to indicate what idea the adverb expresses.
1. Sally Hightower exercises more strenuously than anyone else I know.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Ten degrees below zero is too cold for me.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. I will apply for that job tomorrow.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Ralph cannot find his keys anywhere.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. We hardly ever watch television.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. The weather was very hot today.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Shirley Tsai plays the piano amazingly well for her age.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Arent the prom decorations just fabulous?
______________________________________________________________________________

B. Using Adverbs
Write three sentences using each of the following adverbs. Make each sentence identical except
for the position of the adverb. Then tell whether changing the position of the adverb changes
the meaning of the sentence and, if so, how.
(sometimes) ________________________________________________________________________
(only) _____________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
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10.6 Prepositions
A. Identifying Prepositions
Circle each word below that may be used as a preposition. Draw a line through each word that
may not be used as a preposition.
for in nothing of
with cannot along some
never on will do
down sometimes up off
B. Writing with Prepositional Phrases

Imagine that you are giving someone instructions about how to get to your school, to the
library, or to some imaginary place of your choosing. Write your directions in five complete
sentences. In each sentence, use at least two prepositional phrases. Use as many different prepo-
sitions as you can.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
C. Using Prepositions
Some grammarians feel that no sentence should end with a preposition. Others believe that
ending a sentence with a preposition is acceptable if the alternatives would sound awkward or
unnatural. Rewrite each sentence below so that it does not end with a preposition. Which ver-
sion of each sentence do you prefer? Why?
1. What country was Columbus born in?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What are you staring at?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Whom were you talking to?
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Ending a sentence with a preposition is something I will not put up with.
______________________________________________________________________________

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10.78
Conjunctions and Interjections

A. Using Different Kinds of Conjunctions
Improve each of the following sentences by substituting the kind of conjunction identified
in parentheses.
1. Meiko and James are ready for the canoe trip. (correlative)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Sally would like to become an accountant or a lawyer. (correlative)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Good health depends on physical or mental wellness. (correlative)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Not only freshmen but also sophomores can join the debating team. (coordinating)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Conjunctions
Write a paragraph of three or more sentences about the car of your dreams. Use at least three
different kinds of conjunctions.
C. Using Interjections
Recreate a conversation between two enthusiastic teens discussing a recent concert or play.
Write their dialogue here. Use at least four interjections. Use the back of your paper if you
need more space.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
11.14 Subjects and Predicates

A. Identifying Subjects and Predicates
Draw one line under each simple subject. Draw two lines under each simple predicate. Draw
a vertical line between the complete subject and the complete predicate.
1. Isaac Newton often sat under a tree in his parents garden and read books.
2. These books and his own curiosity gave him many ideas and raised questions in his mind
about the world around him.
3. Newtons inventions and discoveries have had a profound effect on the study of motion
and forces.
4. Among his discoveries are three laws of motion.
5. Give an example of Newtons third law of motion.
B. Using Subjects and Predicates

Write a sentence that includes the items in parentheses. Underline the simple subjects once and
the simple predicates twice.
1. (compound subject) _____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (compound predicate)____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (compound subject and compound predicate)_________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (you as an understood subject) _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. (inverted order) _________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
6. (beginning with There) ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. (beginning with Here) ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. (compound subject and compound predicate)_________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
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11.5 Direct and Indirect Objects

A. Identifying Direct and Indirect Objects
Underline the direct object in each of the following sentences. Circle the indirect object. On
the lines below each sentence, write a sentence using the same verb but a different direct and
indirect object.
1. Florence Griffith Joyner brought the 1988 U.S. Olympic track team fame and respect.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Greg Louganiss diving ability won him several Olympic gold medals.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Larry Birds ball-handling and shooting skills gave fans thrills for many years.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The Baseball Writers of America awarded Tom Seaver a place in the Hall of Fame.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Indirect Objects

Rewrite each sentence, changing the prepositional phrase to an indirect object.
1. I wrote a letter to my Kenyan pen pal.
______________________________________________________________________________

2. My grandmother baked a fancy birthday cake for me and my twin sister.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. The president promised relief to the flood victims.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The mayor has given her full support to the renewal project.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. The band director gave the Most Improved Player award to Jos Rivera.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. The candidate made many promises to the voters.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Fifty state legislators pledged their support for the amendment.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Bob bought a dozen red roses for his girlfriend.
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
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11.5 Object Complements

A. Identifying Object Complements
Circle the object complement in each sentence. Then write another sentence using the same
verb but a different subject, object, and object complement.
1. We painted the bedroom walls blue.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. The candidate considered the economy the most important issue in the campaign.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. My sister thinks all my belongings hers.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The class elected Pam president.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. The tourists found the food at the resort delicious.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. We proved her theories wrong.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Jeff and Jenny named their baby Cicely.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Their chains rendered the prisoners helpless.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. The people believed the law an unjust action.
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Fluffy thought the catnip mouse an amusing diversion.
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Object Complements

Write a sentence using the type of object complement shown in parentheses.
1. (noun) ________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (adjective) _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (pronoun) _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (noun) ________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
11.5 Subject Complements

A. Identifying Subject Complements
Circle the subject complement in each sentence. On the line before the sentence, write pred.
nomin. if the word you circled is a predicate nominative. Write pred. adj. if it is a predicate
adjective. On the lines below the sentence, rewrite the sentence using a different subject com-
plement. (Some sentences have more than one subject complement.)
_____ 1. After many years of neglect, the house became the eyesore of the neighborhood.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____ 2. Jake often feels awkward in social situations.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____ 3. Ruben and Marta are the best debaters on the team.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____ 4. In the last year Stan has grown tall and handsome.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____ 5. The apples from our orchard taste especially sweet this year.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____ 6. Some presidents have been athletes or scholars.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Subject Complements

Write a sentence using the verb and type of subject complement shown in parentheses.
1. (seem, predicate nominative)_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (look, predicate adjective) _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (appear, predicate adjective or predicate nominative) ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (became, predicate nominative)_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
12.1 Prepositional Phrases

A. Identifying Prepositional Phrases
Underline the prepositional phrases in the following sentences. Above each underlined phrase,
write whether it functions as an adjective or an adverb. Then write on the line the word or
phrase that the prepositional phrase modifies. Indicate whether the modified word or phrase
is a noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, or adverb.
1. A dictionary is handy for help in spelling. ____________________________________________
2. Luckily for me todays vocabulary test was easy. ________________________________________
3. After the test I found several of the words in my thesaurus._______________________________
4. My parents were happy with my performance on the test. ________________________________
5. A set of encyclopedias can also be helpful to students.___________________________________
6. Which of these three reference booksa dictionary, a thesaurus, or an encyclopediado you find
most valuable in your studies? _____________________________________________________
B. Using Prepositional Phrases

Write two or three sentences to answer the question in item 6 above. Use at least three
prepositional phrases.
C. Lost and Found

Look around the room and find something that catches your eye. Try to write several
descriptive sentences about the item you chose without using any prepositions. Reread
your sentences. Then rewrite the description using prepositional phrases. Which sentences
were most descriptive?

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
12.2 Appositives and Appositive Phrases

A. Identifying Appositives and Appositive Phrases
Underline each appositive and appositive phrase. Then write the word or phrase the
appositive identifies.
1. Have you ever seen Mount Rushmore, a 6,000-foot mountain in the Black Hills of
South Dakota?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. The faces of four presidents, Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt, are
carved on its east face.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Washington, the first president of the United States, is often called the father of
his country.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. In the movie Young Lincoln, Henry Fonda played Lincoln.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Jefferson, an amateur inventor, incorporated many of his ideas into his home in Virginia,
Monticello.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Teddy Roosevelt, a vigorous man and a lover of the outdoors, was frail and sickly as
a child.
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Appositives and Appositive Phrases

Write a sentence using an appositive or an appositive phrase about each president listed below.

You may want to do some research before you write.
1. Andrew Jackson _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Woodrow Wilson________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. John F. Kennedy_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (your choice) ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
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12.3 Participles and Participial Phrases

A. Identifying Participles and Participial Phrases
Underline each participle and participial phrase in the following sentences. In the first blank,
write whether it is a present participle or a past participle. In the second blank, write the word
or phrase it modifies.
1. Miami University, located in Oxford, Ohio, is a four-year public institution of higher learning.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
2. Founded in 1809, Miami has a reputation for excellence.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
3. The enchanting beauty of the campus attracts prospective students.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
4. Many students, including all freshmen, live in residence halls on the campus.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
5. The university provides the Miami Metro bus service for students residing off campus.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
6. Known as the cradle of coaches, Miami was once the home of such football greats as Bear Bryant
and Woody Hayes.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
B. Using Participles and Participial Phrases

Write a paragraph describing your school. Use at least three present participles and three
past participles.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
12.3 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases

A. Identifying Gerund Phrases
Underline the gerunds and gerund phrases in the following sentences. Above each, write
whether it functions as a subject (S), direct object (DO), indirect object (IO), object of a
preposition (OP), or predicate nominative (PN).
1. Frederick Douglass considered abolishing slavery the primary goal of his life.
2. Because he was a great orator, audiences enjoyed his speaking.
3. Lecturing about his own experiences helped Douglass convince many people that slavery
was wrong.
4. One of the most dangerous acts of Douglass in his fight against slavery was publishing his
autobiography in 1845.
5. Knowing that his autobiography would identify him as a runaway slave prompted
Douglass to move to England.
6. After buying his freedom, Douglass returned to the United States in 1847.
7. Throughout his adult life, Douglass gave writing and speaking against slavery and
segregation a great deal of his time and energy.
8. During the Civil War, Douglass participated in recruiting African Americans for the
Union Army.
9. Discussing the problems of slavery with Abraham Lincoln helped the abolitionist cause.
10. Douglass served as Recorder of Deeds in Washington, D.C., and as United States Minister
to Haiti before dying in 1895.
B. Using Gerunds
Write sentences using gerunds in the manner requested below. You may expand the gerunds
into phrases by adding complements and modifiers.

1. (subject)_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (predicate nominative) ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (object of a preposition) __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (direct object) __________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. (indirect object)_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
12.3 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases

A. Identifying Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases
Underline the infinitives and infinitive phrases in the following sentences. Above each, write
whether it functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
1. I have not yet begun to fight.
2. To err is human.
3. Our love is here to stay.
4. The question is to be or not to be.
5. I want to hold your hand.
6. It is time to come home.
7. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field.
8. To spend one hour with you in our old rendezvous is my desire.
9. Youre lovely to look at.
10. The main thing is to use your mind well.
11. To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.
12. I need someone to watch over me.
13. We practice to become perfect.
14. To live an unexamined life is foolish.
15. I drink milk to stay healthy.
B. Using Infinitives
Write sentences using infinitives in the manner requested below. You may expand the infini-
tives into phrases by adding complements and prepositional phrases.

1. (subject)_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (adverb) _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (direct object) __________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (adjective) _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. (predicate nominative) ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.4 Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences

A. Improving Sentence Structure
The students who wrote the following sentences for their music-appreciation class need a little
help to make their writing more sophisticated. Rewrite each group of sentences as one sen-
tence, using what you know about complex and compound-complex sentence structure.
1. Richard Wagner wrote a cycle of operas known as The Ring. The operas in The Ring
are Das Rheingold, Die Walkre, Siegfried, and Gtterdmmerung. Wagner was a
German composer.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Giacomo Puccini was born in Italy in 1858 and died in Belgium in 1924. His most
popular operas are La Bohme, Tosca, and Madame Butterfly.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Giuseppe Verdi was an Italian opera composer. He lived from 1813 to 1901. Verdi is one
of the most prolific and popular opera composers of all time. Some of his best-loved
works are Ada, Rigoletto, La Traviata, and Il Trovatore.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. Eugene Onegin is an opera by Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky. It is based on a long poem by the
Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin. Tchaikovsky is better known for the Nutcracker ballet
and the 1812 Overture.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Thinking About Sentence Structure

Write two sentences about famous people in history, automobile racing events, or a topic of
your choice. Make each sentence either a complex or a compound-complex sentence.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.5 Adjective Clauses

A. Using Adjective Clauses
Rewrite each sentence, adding an appropriate adjective clause. Begin your adjective clause with
the word in parentheses. Be sure to use correct punctuation.
1. This is the place. (where)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. I just met the new student. (who)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. The movie E.T. was very popular. (which)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The book was a mystery. (that)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. All the parents attended the awards assembly. (whose)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. I remember that summer. (when)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. The DAntonios are our new neighbors. (who)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. The two rivers meet. (where)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Writing with Adjective Clauses

Write a sentence of your own, using a restrictive adjective clause.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Write another sentence that has a nonrestrictive adjective clause.
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.6 Adverb Clauses

A. Using Adverb Clauses
Rewrite each sentence, adding an adverb clause that answers the question in parentheses.
1. The tenor soloist needed a cue from the conductor. (Why?)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. I am reminded of my childhood. (When?)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. The gymnasts balance-beam routine will go well. (Under what conditions?)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Migrant workers follow the crops from season to season. (Where?)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Some housekeeping tasks need not be done on a weekly basis. (To what extent?)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Writing with Adverb Clauses

Write five sentences of your own, using adverb clauses that answer the questions indicated.
1. (Why?) ________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
2. (Under what conditions?) _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (To what extent?)________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (When?)_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. (Where?) ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.7 Noun Clauses

A. Using Noun Clauses
Complete each sentence by writing a noun clause. Then indicate how each noun clause func-
tions in your sentence.
1. _________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ gave me indigestion.
2. Saras opinion has always been _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Did you ever find out ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Harry Chan is always talking about _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. I was wondering ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ will win a beautiful trophy.
7. The back of the closet is __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. I aimed my camera at ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________ will soon be available on the market.

10. His most important goal is ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Writing Without Noun Clauses

Write a short paragraph without any noun clauses in it. Write about what you have done so far
today. Then reread your paragraph. Does it seem choppy? Rewrite your paragraph, revising
and adding noun clauses as you see fit. Which product is more satisfying?

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.8 Four Kinds of Sentences

A. Identifying Kinds of Sentences
On the line after each sentence, identify the sentence as declarative, imperative, interrogative,
or exclamatory.
1. Whose calculator is this? __________________________________________________________
2. A strand of spider web is far stronger than it appears. ___________________________________
3. It will never happen! _____________________________________________________________
4. Please leave a message after the tone. ________________________________________________
5. Is the crack in that wall a sign of danger? _____________________________________________
6. Blizzard conditions have caused the cancellation of all flights in that area. ___________________
7. What a delicious aroma is wafting from that window! ___________________________________
8. How spectacular a view of the mountains you have! ____________________________________
9. After careful observation, she wrote her findings._______________________________________
10. You should probably clean out your closet. ___________________________________________
B. Recognizing Sentence Purpose

For each of the situations described below, write a sentence that might be spoken by the named
character. Use one declarative, one imperative, one interrogative, and one exclamatory sentence.
1. Umiko has just won the junior figure-skating championship.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Julios little brother has messed up Julios room.
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Hank is talking to his parents about his career plans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Harriet wants to find out what the history assignment is.
______________________________________________________________________________
C. Writing Four Kinds of Sentences

Think of a conversation you might have had recently with your parents, a teacher, a friend, or a
brother or sister. Write the dialogue as you remember it. Use at least one of each kind of sentence.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.9 Sentence Fragments

A. Recognizing Sentence Fragments
Newspaper headlines are often written as sentence fragments. Read the following headlines.
For each one that is a complete sentence, write sentence on the line. Rewrite each fragment to
make a sentence.
1. Mayor designates restricted smoking areas in city buildings
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Two hospitals bidding for cancer hotine
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Burgenov is reelected to lead Liberal Party
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Progress on Russias first golf course considerably below par
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Tax-cut plan up for vote
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Hortonville students score high on national test
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Lincolns Raiders romp over Riverview
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Bungees not to bounce at state fair
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Scientists unsure of fossils origin
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Computer virus dead on arrival
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Eliminating Sentence Fragments

Oscar Fernandez is a cub reporter for the Hortonville Beacon. He has written a rough draft for
a story on the upcoming election for mayor. Rewrite Oscars story to eliminate sentence frag-
ments. Continue on the back of this page.
Seven candidates to file for primary election. Election May 5. Five Democrats and two
Republicans. Also two independent candidates. Legal requirements to be met or names will not
appear on ballot. Must have one thousand signatures on petition to file. Jane True leading can-
didate. Is campaigning on no new development platform. Progress theme of opponents.
Harry Overprice, owner of Hortonville Used Cars, also running. Focusing on tax breaks for
business. Mudslinging a factor in campaign.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.10 Run-on Sentences

A. Eliminating Run-on Sentences
Suzi Smith plans to major in journalism. She is working as a high school intern for the
Hortonville Beacon. Suzis problem is run-on sentences. Help her rewrite this postelection
story by eliminating the run-on sentences.
As expected, Jane True won the election for mayor, it was a landslide. True is looking
forward to taking office she will do so in March. True hopes to keep her campaign promise
of no new development in Hortonville but the citys problems may require additional taxation.
Trues supporters held a celebration rally at noon today in the city park her opponents evalu-
ated their losses. The city council has promised to cooperate with the new mayor and the
school board is behind her 100 percent. The library board will ask the mayor for additional
funds, they need more books.
B. Preventing Run-on Sentences

What advice would you give to a writer who has trouble with run-on sentences? Be careful to
use complete sentences in your answer.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
15.23 Regular/Irregular Verbs and Verb Tenses

A. Using Irregular Verbs
Complete each of the following sentences by writing the correct past form or past participle
of the verb provided in parentheses.
1. In 1901 Alfred Nobel __________________ a prize in his own name. (give)
2. Prizes have been __________________ in five categories. (give)
3. At the first ceremonies the recipients __________________ to one anothers health.
(drink)
4. After they had __________________ the toast, everyone applauded enthusiastically.
(drink)
5. The categories for the prize __________________ by one in 1969. (grow)
6. The prizes importance has __________________ over the years. (grow)
7. Mother Theresa __________________ movingly of the poor at the ceremony in 1979.
(speak)
8. Many words that have been __________________ by the winners of Nobel Prizes are now
quoted frequently. (speak)
9. Many __________________ that Sadat and Begin would win the Peace Prize in 1978.
(know)
10. Few people have __________________ the names of the winners in physics. (know)
B. Identifying Verb Tenses

Write whether the verb tense in each of the following sentences is past, present, or future.
__________________ 1. The explorers are about to embark on a great adventure.
__________________ 2. Now we are engaged in a great civil war.
__________________ 3. Into the valley of death rode the six hundred.

__________________ 4. After hitting an iceberg, the Titanic sank quickly.
__________________ 5. I am going to spend a week in July with my cousin.
C. Using the Forms of Irregular Verbs

Write a paragraph in which you describe an experience you have had at school. Use the correct
forms of at least four of the six irregular verbs listed below. You may use additional verbs if
you need them. You may invent an experience if you like.
bring ride lose
know speak think

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
15.5 Progressive and Emphatic Forms

A. Identifying Verb Forms
Underline the complete verb in each of the following sentences. Above each verb, indicate
whether it is progressive (prog.) or emphatic (emph.).
1. Margaret has been playing the trombone since the fifth grade.
2. Her mother did work for the same company for twenty years.
3. His grandmother does play golf regularly.
4. She will be graduating from college before the end of the century.
B. Using Progressive and Emphatic Forms

Rewrite each of the following sentences twice. First make the verb progressive. Then make the
verb emphatic.
1. Tom wants to improve his spelling.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. He went to his teacher for help.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. She told him to practice and to be conscientious.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Toms spelling shows improvement.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
C. Using Progressive and Emphatic Forms

Use each of the following verb forms in a sentence.
1. (present perfect progressive of freeze) ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (future perfect progressive of fly) ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (past perfect progressive of help)____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (emphatic form of study) _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
15.6 Compatibility of Tenses

A. Recognizing Compatibility of Tenses
Rewrite each of the following sentences in which the tenses are not compatible. Write correct if
the tenses are compatible.
1. The school bus is being repaired today and will be ready for service tomorrow.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Tammy and her friends went out for pizza and rent three videos.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Before Hector studied for the exam, he will eat three hamburgers.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Manuel had returned the book before he received the overdue notice.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Alicia will have asked her parents permission by the time she went to her friends house.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Brenda is planting bulbs while the snow blew.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Before Marnie goes out, she unplugged her curling iron.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Just when Adriana arrives, the crowd was cheering.
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Compatible Tenses

Use each of the following verbs in a sentence that contains one other verb. Make sure that the
two verbs are compatible.
1. (will have attended) ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (had eaten)_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (is working) ____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (laughed) ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. (have been singing)_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. (had been enchanted) _____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
16.23 Agreement with Linking Verbs and in Inverted Sentences

A. Making Subjects and Verbs Agree
Underline the simple subject in each of the following sentences. Then circle the correct form of
the verb in parentheses.
1. There (is/are) one or two objections to the proposed plan.
2. From the mouth of a child often (come/comes) wise words.
3. (Do/Does) people from your parents generation seem conservative?
4. The candidates for president (seem/seems) uninterested in the issues.
5. Here (come/comes) the clowns.
6. The speaker in favor of improved foreign relations (sound/sounds) well informed.
7. Her decorating scheme of pink and orange (was/were) not attractive.
8. (Has/Have) Mias campaign for class president impressed you?
9. The cake with the pink and red rosebuds (look/looks) delicious.
10. Along the beach (lie/lies) thousands of beautiful shells.
11. From the skies (appear/appears) an unidentified flying object.
12. The roses in the garden (smell/smells) wonderful.
13. My favorite meal (is/are) pizza, pizza, and more pizza.
14. Anastasias career plans (is/are) to be a doctor or a lawyer.
15. How many movies (has/have) you seen lately?
B. Writing Sentences with Correct Agreement

Write a sentence in the manner requested. Be sure your subjects and verbs agree.

1. (a sentence beginning with Here or There) ____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (a sentence beginning with Do or Does) ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (a sentence beginning with There goes) _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (a sentence ending with team used as the subject) ______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
16.46 Agreement with Special Subjects

A. Recognizing Subject-Verb Agreement
For each of the following sentences, write agree if the subject and verb agree. If the subject and
verb do not agree, rewrite the sentence correctly.
1. The teacher, along with her students, was given a special award.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Neither the president nor his opponents has a strong platform.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Two thousand dollars are too much to pay for a sofa.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Two years has passed since I last heard from you.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Years ago, pliers were used to pull teeth.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. To Have and Have Not is the title of a book by Ernest Hemingway.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Green eggs and ham is the subject of a book by Dr. Seuss.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Every student, coach, and teacher join the applause.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Either you or your sisters have to do the dishes.
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Sports llustrated are my favorite magazine.
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Making Subjects and Verbs Agree

Get together with a partner. Write five sentences with subject-verb agreement problems for
your partner to correct.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
17.1 Case of Personal Pronouns

Using Personal Pronouns Correctly
What follows is the beginning of what might be an intriguing mystery, but the writer needs
some help. On the lines below the passage, rewrite the sentences that have pronoun case errors.
(1) The telephone rang. Marlowe picked up the receiver. Marlowe Detective Agency, he said.
(2) Is this Marlowe? asked the caller.
(3) Its me, said Marlowe.
(4) My wife and me have a problem, said the caller.
(5) Whats you name? asked Marlowe.
(6) Just between you and I, my names FuddElmer Fuddbut no jokes, please.
(7) No jokes, said Marlowe. Whats your problem?
(8) Well, its really my wifes problem. Her and her brother arent getting along.
(9) Whys that? asked Marlowe.
(10) My wife, Ella, thinks her brother, Egbert, is taking things and hoarding them, small
things like pieces of bread and spoons. Ella blames her brother, but him denies taking any-
thing and insists he doesnt know what hers talking about.
(11) Who else lives in the house? asked Marlowe.
(12) Ella and me are the only ones besides Egbert.
(13) How about inviting my secretary and I for dinner tonight? Us being there may give me
some clues about whats going on.
(14) Okay, said Fudd. Us three will see you at eight.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
17.2 Pronouns with and as Appositives

Using Pronouns with and as Appositives
Rewrite each of the following sentences that contains an error. If the sentence does not contain
an error, write your own sentence with an appositive using the same structure.
1. The only family members at home, Mom, Dad, and me, refused to answer the telephone.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Three students will be attending the writers conference: Ted, Umeko, and me.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Us new student council members hope to be worthy of your votes.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The teacher gave the winners of the writing contest, her and I, extra credit.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. The race will be won by the best runner, her or him.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. The language contest was difficult for we German students.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. The audience cheered the dancers, Michael and her.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. The physicians, Dr. Paladino and him, each offered the same diagnosis.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. For them and the Robertsons, the day at the amusement park was much fun.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. The loudest students at pep rallies are us sophomores.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
17.4 Who and Whom in Questions and Subordinate Clauses

A. Completing Sentences with Who and Whom
Decide whether to use who or whom in each of the following sentences. Write the correct word
in the blank.
1. __________________ was that person I saw you with last night?
2. __________________ is the best person for this job?
3. __________________ shall I say is calling?
4. __________________ do you think committed the crime?
5. __________________ did you say was the winner?
6. __________________ are you voting for?
7. Claude is a person for __________________ I have great respect.
8. There is the person to __________________ I gave the money.
9. The candidate is someone in __________________ I have no confidence.
10. __________________ are you warning to be careful?
11. Several celebrities __________________ I have met in person do not live up to their
reputations.
12. Many candidates, among __________________ are several conservatives, are running for
governor.
13. __________________ did you wish to speak to?
14. The president, __________________ is running for reelection, will participate in several
debates.
15. Janine, about __________________ I have heard several rumors, did not attend the
meeting.

B. Writing Sentences with Who and Whom
Write one sentence according to each of the following guidelines.
1. (Use who in a question.) __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (Use whom in a question.)_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (Use who in a subordinate clause.) __________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (Use whom in a subordinate clause.)_________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. (Use who in a question and who in a subordinate clause.) ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
17.5 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

A. Making Pronouns and Antecedents Agree
Rewrite each of the following sentences in which pronouns and their antecedents do not agree.
Write correct if a sentence is correct.
1. If you visit the Louvre in Paris, you will see many famous paintings.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Picasso, Monet, and Renoir have many of his works exhibited there.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Mary Cassatt was an American painter who used their styles.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. We attended an exhibit where you saw many famous works of art.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Anyone who visits Paris must use their time wisely.
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Making Writing Gender-Neutral

Manuel Negron is the office manager of Video Village and supervises a staff of thirty women
and men. He has written a memo about company policies. Revise Manuels memo to make it
gender-neutral while using the construction his or her as little as possible.
To: Office Staff Date: March 1, 2001
From: Manuel Negron
Subject: Company Policy
1. Each employee must park his car in the company lot.
2. Any employee who misses three consecutive days of work will have his vacation
reduced.
3. An employee who does not report to work on the day before or after a holiday will
not receive his holiday pay.
4. Any employee responsible for child care may not allow their children to come to
the store after school.
5. Everyone who works for Video Village is expected to do his fair share.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
17.6 Clear Pronoun Reference

Rewrite the following sentences to make pronoun references clear. There may be more than
one way to correct each sentence.
1. Emilio was one of fourteen children the Johnsons adopted when they became homeless.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. In some countries they do not have freedom of speech.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Ruth is president of the student council and the honor society, and it makes her conceited.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The Weston High School band will perform in the Rose Parade, and this will be the high-
light of the year.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. The sofa looked more attractive in the room after it was cleaned.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Shirley told Keiko she had a good chance of making the swim team.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

7. When prescribing medicine, you must fit the dosage to the patient.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Jamake is an outstanding student, and that was the reason for his award.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Harold did not study for the test, which is the reason he failed.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. During the Great Depression you had to be careful with your money.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
18.12 Degrees of Comparison

A. Making Correct Comparisons
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. That is the __________________ story Ive ever heard. (silly)
2. Yesterday was the __________________ day of the year so far, but tomorrow is likely
to be even __________________. (hot)
3. Of the four debaters who do you think presented the __________________ arguments?
(convincing)
4. Neither Jan nor Sally was able to finish the five-mile race, but Jan ran
__________________ than Sally. (far)
5. At the pet store we looked at several puppies and bought the __________________ one.
(little)
6. We decided to pool our money, but Li-ming had even __________________ than Mitzi
or I. (little)
7. I was __________________ for school, but Mario was __________________ than I was,
and Harry, who arrived at noon, was the __________________ of all. (late)
8. She reported that she felt __________________ today and hoped to feel even
__________________ tomorrow. (well)
B. Correcting Faulty Comparisons

Rewrite the following sentences correctly.
1. Toms grades are usually gooder than Maggies, but Maggie did best on the math exam.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. I felt iller when I got up this morning, and now I feel worst.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Who do you think is most likely to be elected class president, Roseanne or Tom?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Alvin performed bad at the recital, but Theodores performance was the baddest.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Dan and Dianna slept late, but their daughter Laura slept even more late.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
18.35 Comparisons
A. Avoiding Double Comparisons
In each of the following sentences, circle the word or phrase in parentheses that correctly
completes the sentence.
1. Sheila plays table tennis (better/more better/best) than anyone else I know.
2. Who is the (most fastest/fastest/more faster) runner on the track team?
3. There is nothing (more lovelier/loveliest/lovelier) than a beautiful sunset.
4. Which do you think make the (better/best/most best) pets: dogs, cats, or birds?
5. Trees was a (more broader/broader/broaderest) topic for a short paper than
The Mighty Oak.
B. Correcting Incomplete Comparisons

Correct the incomplete comparison in each of the following sentences, and write the corrected
sentence in the space provided.
1. Henry Fumiko participates in more school activities than any student.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Is the homework in English harder than biology?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. When the baseball team plays on the road, it gets more applause from its dugout than
the crowd.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Josie Martinez scored higher than anyone who took the national Spanish test.
______________________________________________________________________________

5. Randy likes pizza better than Linda.
______________________________________________________________________________
C. Using Good, Well, Bad, and Badly

Complete each sentence by writing the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. The coach thought Pedros performance in Fridays game was _____________________,
and Pedro also did _____________________ in the tournament. (good/well)
2. I felt _____________________ after I failed the test because I knew I had answered
several essay questions _____________________. (bad/badly)
3. Millie realized she was speaking _____________________, but she could not figure out
why her speech sounded _____________________. (bad/badly)
4. The rock band sounded _____________________ to me, and I thought they played
_____________________ (good/well)
5. Dennis felt _____________________ that he had caused his friend to feel
_____________________. (bad/badly)

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
18.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers

A. Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Rewrite each sentence that contains a misplaced or dangling modifier. If the sentence is
correct, write a sentence of your own in the same pattern.
1. Sitting on the porch last night, the fireworks display was impressive.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Florida locations attract many retired persons with their warm temperatures.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Engrossed in a book, the ringing telephone made no impression on Miranda.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Many people seek counseling in financial trouble.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. As the stranger approached, leaving no doubt about his intentions, James fled in his car.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Enjoying the play, we laughed and cried at the antics of the characters.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Growing even more excited, the party in his honor was a great surprise for Lorne.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. The students waited impatiently for the principal, becoming hungrier by the minute.
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Understanding the Position of Only

Explain the meaning of each of the following sentences containing the word only.
1. Only Sam has a bachelors degree in psychology.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Sam has only a bachelors degree in psychology.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Sam has a bachelors degree only in psychology.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Only Mary noticed the approaching thunderstorm.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Mary noticed only the approaching thunderstorm.
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
20.1 Capitalization of Sentences

A. Recognizing Correct Capitalization
Rewrite each sentence that contains an error in capitalization. If the sentence does not contain
an error, write a sentence of your own in the same pattern.
1. A popular fast-food chains slogan once asked, wheres the beef?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Bob could not believe it when his girlfriend said She did not want to see him again.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Who said, To err is human?
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Agatha Christie (She was a popular mystery writer) suffered from shyness.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. One of Robert Frosts poems begins, Whose woods these are I think I know.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. I get tired of hearing Amanda say Totally groovy all the time.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Harry Truman (he was the thirty-third president of the United States) had a sign on his
desk that read, the buck stops here.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

8. The ecology club adopted the slogan, save the earth!
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Writing Sentences with Correct Capitalization

1. Write three sentences, each containing a direct quotation.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Write three sentences, each containing an indirect quotation.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
20.23 Capitalizing Proper Nouns and Adjectives

Capitalizing Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives Correctly
Rewrite Mary Louises letter, correcting any errors in capitalization.
1111 west 146th street
Cleveland, ohio 44100
March 3, 2001
Dear aunt Margaret,
For our class trip this year, we went to Washington, D.C., during the Thanksgiving day
break. Did you know that no building in washington may be more than ten stories tall so
everyone can see the Washington monument from anywhere in the City?
You know how I enjoy the Fine Arts, so I was thrilled when we went to the National
gallery. I especially liked the impressionists. I bought a print of Monets Rouen cathedral in
the Gift shop.
Our group also spent an afternoon at the library of congress. I think we saw the original
manuscript of the declaration of Independenceor maybe it was the constitution.
Our World history teacher and our English teacher have conspired to get us to read
shakespearean plays. Right now we are in the middle of julius Caesar.
I hope you liked the washingtonian souvenir I sent you.
Your Niece,
Mary Louise

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.13 End Punctuation

A. Using Correct End Punctuation
Insert the correct end punctuation in each of the following sentences.
1. Do you know any of the songs that the local band plays
2. I have never been so insulted in my life
3. Is there life on other planets
4. Lets go, Panthers
5. Do you remember the day we met
6. Juanita sometimes wonders whether she should get a job or go to college first
7. Please have your term paper ready on Friday
8. Ask your parents what they like and dislike about their jobs
B. Writing Sentences with Correct End Punctuation

Write two sentences in each of the forms listed below. In the first sentence of each set, use the
word wonder. In the second sentence, use the word remember. End your sentences with the
correct punctuation.
1. (declarative)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (declarative, containing indirect question) ____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (direct question) ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (polite command) _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. (strong command) ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.4 The Colon

A. Using Colons
Complete each of the following statements in an appropriate way. Use a colon where necessary.
1. If you are planning to attend the class picnic, please bring one of the following items __________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Three uses of the colon are ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. When you are packing for a vacation, you should be sure to include________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Fumiko is thinking about three career options _________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. It is helpful to know the first-aid procedures for _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. For my research paper I used these sources ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. The course outline includes the following three novels __________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. These are the three most important things you need to survive in the wilderness _____________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Two of the greatest inventions of the last fifty years have been ____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Famous people who have influenced the way I think include the following __________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Writing Sentences with Colons

Write one sentence for each item to demonstrate the correct use of colons. Use the guidelines
in parentheses.
1. (Include a main clause about a favorite place, followed by explanatory material.) _____________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (Include the words as follows.) _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.5 The Semicolon

A. Using Semicolons Correctly
If a sentence contains no errors, write correct. Then revise each incorrect sentence, either using
a semicolon or eliminating one that is already there.
1. I was not prepared for all the publicity; for I had never expected to win the race.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. No one doubted that the candidate was worthy of election; nevertheless, she lost by an
astounding number of votes.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. We had eggs, toast, and bacon for breakfast, hamburgers, french fries, and salad for lunch,
and roast beef, peas, and whipped potatoes for dinner.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. When Jerry first hired Alice, he thought she was capable, intelligent, and talented, but after
working with her for three months, he discovered she was all of that and more.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. The concert was given by Yo-Yo Ma, the cellist, and Emanuel Ax, the pianist.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

6. I had admired the famous star for some time, but I never expected to meet her in my
hometown, Omaha.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Writing with Semicolons

Write a sentence about two or more of your favorite magazines. Structure the comment so that
it requires a semicolon. Then write another sentence that is about only one of the magazines.
In this sentence use a conjunctive adverb.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.6 Commas with Coordinate Adjectives

A. Using Commas with Coordinate Adjectives
Insert commas where they are needed in the following sentences. If a sentence contains no
errors, write correct.
1. Mr. Gutierrez always wore a battered old canvas fishing hat when he went to the lake.
2. She was an intelligent successful attorney who had attended a reputable law school.
3. Carmella was married in a long white silk gown with a wide lacy train.
4. The house they bought was a dilapidated three-story Victorian mansion.
5. The hot dusty trail ended in a cool green forest of wet leafy trees.
6. The rusty dented lime-green sedan with only one door that can be opened takes James
where he needs to go.
7. To make a tasty Irish stew, a cook needs plenty of carrots, potatoes, and beef.
8. The long exciting playoff game ended with Robert Parish sinking an eighteen-foot jump
shot in double overtime.
9. When she walked out on stage on the plays opening night, Melia knew why she had
endured the rigorous tiring hours of practice.
10. My wise but superstitious grandfather tells me that when caterpillars are mostly black
in the fall, we can expect a long cold snowy winter.
B. Writing Sentences with Coordinate Adjectives

Write five sentences, each containing several adjectives preceding a noun. Omit the
commas. Exchange sentences with a classmate. Have your classmate add commas
where they are necessary.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.6 Commas and Compound Sentences

A. Using Commas in Compound Sentences
Rewrite each of the following sentences that needs a comma or contains an unnecessary
comma. If a sentence is correct, tell why it is correct.
1. The restaurants specialty is tacos and enchiladas are also on the menu.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Dogs are friendly but cats are mysterious.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. The Spectrum Publishing Company has an opening for a proofreader but applicants must
have three years experience in publishing.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. She looked familiar but I had never met her.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. We can stroll through the park or we can drive to the antique store.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. A local organization is getting volunteers together to paint houses for people who are
unable to do it themselves.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. There were a thousand people waiting outside the office when it opened for an announce-

ment had been made that free tickets would be available at eight oclock.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. School was over for the day and I could go home to listen to my new album again.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Writing Compound Sentences

1. Write a compound sentence that requires a comma.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Write a compound sentence that does not require a comma.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.6 Commas with Parenthetical Expressions

and Conjunctive Adverbs
A. Punctuating Parenthetical Expressions and Conjunctive Adverbs
Clive and Marsha collaborated on this sports story for the school paper. Clive thinks Marsha
used too many commas. Marsha thinks Clive didnt use enough. Settle their differences by
rewriting the story, using commas appropriately.
The Clarmont Hilltoppers have won another game. By the way, theyre 150. However they
have not yet played an opponent worthy of their abilities. Nevertheless, they are on their way
to the state tournament, and they are getting a lot of publicity. In fact, the entire team will be
featured on Sports Report on Friday night on Channel 5. After all the Hilltoppers are still the
only undefeated team in the state. Coach Winowski however fears the Butler Bulldogs from
upstate. The Bulldogs have the states leading scorer in Johnny Johnson.
B. Writing with Conjunctive Adverbs

Complete each of the following items, using one of the conjunctive adverbs listed below. Use
each conjunctive adverb only once.
however therefore consequently
moreover thus furthermore
1. My day begins with a forty-minute bus ride to school; __________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. To jog two miles ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. When it rains here _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The opera singer ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.6 Commas and Direct Address

A. Using Commas with Direct Address
Write correct after each of the following sentences in which the comma or commas are used
correctly. If any commas should be omitted, circle them.
1. Do you have an appointment, Sir?
2. Did, Enrique, say he would be here at two oclock?
3. Oh, Martha, I cannot bear to repeat the story again.
4. Harry, please meet me at Burger Heaven tomorrow afternoon.
5. I am no longer speaking to, Chandra.
6. Remember, Ms. Coleman, that I appreciate your encouragement.
7. Mrs. Motley, will call a special meeting of the student council.
8. Dont forget, Julian, to support my campaign.
9. Listen to me, young man.
10. Ayisha, why didnt you tell me what was going on?
B. Understanding Direct Address

You are tutoring a sixth-grade student who is having trouble understanding direct address.
Write an explanation of direct address for this student. Use at least two example sentences
to illustrate your explanation.

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.6 Misuse of Commas

Using Commas Correctly
Rewrite each of the following sentences, correcting the errors in comma usage.
1. In the middle of the nineteenth century, nonconformity was more widely practiced, but
less widely tolerated than it is today.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Henry David Thoreau, carried the theory of nonconformity to an extreme.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Thoreaus nonconformity earned him, certain penalties and rewards.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The penalties were, condescension from his friends and lack of respect for the masterpiece,
Walden.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Thoreau cautioned his readers, that they cannot kill time without injuring eternity.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. What everyone knows about Thoreau, is that he lived in a simple, unpretentious cabin by
the side of Walden Pond.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. He lived in that cabin for more than two years, it was only a mile from his family in
Concord.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Thoreau also resisted what he thought, were unfair forms of taxation, and took an active
interest in abolition.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. He contracted tuberculosis at thirty-seven, and died seven years later.
______________________________________________________________________________
10. By living a simpler life Thoreau hoped to show people, that things are less important than
wisdom, contentment, or leisure.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.78 Dashes and Parentheses

A. Choosing Between Dashes and Parentheses
Above each underlined phrase in the following sentences, write whether the words should be
set off with dashes or parentheses.
1. Emily Dickinson 1830-1886 was born in Amherst, Massachusetts a small college town.
2. Dickinson seldom left her home she was very fond of solitude and had little contact with
the outside world.
3. Biographies not surprisingly give little information about her personal life.
4. Someone who was probably not an admirer of Dickinsons once observed that all of her
poems could be set to the tune of The Yellow Rose of Texas not exactly a compliment.
5. Dickinson is considered along with Walt Whitman one of the two great American poets of
her century.
B. Parentheses with Other Marks of Punctuation

Rewrite each of the following sentences, adding the appropriate punctuation mark in the
correct place.
1. Emily Dickinson was a prolific poet. (Was there something strange about her life)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Dickinson did not title her poems (most are known by their first lines) and she often
wrote on scraps of paper, which she kept in her bureau drawers.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Dickinson used unusual punctuation (her poems are filled with dashes) many editors

(even in recent years) have produced versions of her work with dashes omitted.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Thomas H. Johnson worked with original manuscripts and put together what is now the
definitive edition of Dickinsons poetry: The Poems of Emily Dickinson (1955)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Johnson also edited her letters. (They are often eloquent and sometimes very amusing)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.9 Quotation Marks

A. Using Quotation Marks with Other Marks of Punctuation
Rewrite the following sentences, adding quotation marks and other marks of punctuation
where they belong.
1. How you have changed exclaimed Melissa when she ran into Ted at the mall.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. John chose to read T. S. Eliots poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock but he did not
understand it.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Yesterday Sara asked me Do you believe there is life on other planets
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Dont you just love that new song by the Environmentalists, Take It Away?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Hamlet contains the famous line To be or not to be it is one of Shakespeares most
memorable quotes.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Writing Sentences with Quotation Marks

Use the following sets of punctuation marks in your own well-written sentences.
1. (quotation marks and a comma) ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (quotation marks and a semicolon) _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (quotation marks with a question mark inside) ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (quotation marks with a question mark outside) _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. (quotation marks and an exclamation point) __________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.10 Italics (Underlining)

A. Using Italics
In the following sentences, underline any words that should appear in italics in a printed work.
1. Casablanca is many peoples favorite film.
2. During her speech, Millicent made a serious faux pas.
3. Mary Jane often uses the word hopefully incorrectly.
4. Back in the 1940s there was a joke that went like this:
Dad: Son, there are just two words Id like you to eliminate from your vocabulary.
One is lousy and the other is swell.
Son: OK, Dad, what are the two words?
5. Adios and hasta la vista are both ways of saying good-by in Spanish.
6. Mom and Dad like Readers Digest, but I prefer Discover magazine.
7. Have you ever read Profiles in Courage, the book by John F. Kennedy?
8. Charles Lindbergh made a historic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis.
9. The opera Porgy and Bess was written by George Gershwin.
10. Peau de soie is a silk or satin fabric with a fine ribbed surface, often used in
formal dresses.
11. I had never heard the expression carpe diem until I saw the movie Dead Poets Society.
12. You must be careful to cross every t and dot every i.
13. I have always had trouble understanding the difference between affect and effect.
14. Starry Night is my favorite painting by van Gogh.
15. Romeo and Juliet contains the line A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.

Is this true?
16. Cheers was a very popular television series.
17. Do you know who wrote Gone with the Wind?
18. The new restaurant advertises gourmet food.
B. Writing with Italics

The words below are usually not italicized. Used in certain contexts, however, they would need
to be. Write four sentences, each using one of the words in a way that requires it to be italicized.
(You may invent titles, if you wish.) Underline words that should be in italics in your sentences.
a cool Missouri salesman
Barbara Hemingway rush scrooge
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.11 The Apostrophe

A. Using Apostrophes
Add apostrophes to the following sentences where they are needed. If a sentence contains
no errors, write correct.
1. Manuel received two weeks pay for his temporary work at Discount World.
2. Manuel wouldnt tell me about his employers benefits.
3. Someones been giving false reports about his or her annual income.
4. The mens restroom and the womens restroom were recently switched.
5. The Joneses house was recently destroyed by fire.
6. Several students essays were disqualified.
7. Toms and Eddies essays were difficult for the teacher to evaluate.
8. Mary and Daves house was located in a fashionable neighborhood.
9. Her brother-in-laws interference was objectionable to Angela.
10. The shows ability to attract viewers was appreciated by its producers.
11. Sams lack of math abilities shouldnt prevent him from getting a job in the
companys warehouse.
12. The editor in chiefs job is to find authors whose books will appeal to consumers interests.
13. Anyones tax return may be audited by the governments Internal Revenue Service.
14. All citizens rights are secure only when each individuals rights are secure.
15. The Smiths purchase three dollars worth of lottery tickets every week.
B. Writing Sentences with Apostrophes

Use an apostrophe in each of the sentences that you write according to the following
guidelines.
1. (Use a plural noun ending in -s.) ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. (Use a compound noun.) _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. (Use an expression of time or money.) _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. (Use a noun that does not end in -s.) ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. (Use a singular noun ending in -s.)__________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
21.14 Using Numbers and Numerals

Using Numbers and Numerals
Rewrite the following sentences, making any necessary changes in the use of numbers and
numerals. If a sentence contains no errors, write correct.
1. The earth is 93,000,000 miles from the sun.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. My sisters college address is Sixteen Lotus Drive, Austin, Texas.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. She wrote me a check for $32.48.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Griselda confines her reading to novels written in the 19th century.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. December the seventh, 1941, according to Franklin D. Roosevelt, was a day that would
live in infamy.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Only thirty-two percent of the student body voted to change the date of the prom.
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
7. I had only 57 cents in my wallet.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. The 1980s might be called the age of the yuppie; what do you think the 90s will
be called?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. They traveled around the world on a 70-foot yacht.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. The three friends met for breakfast every Friday at seven oclock A.M.
______________________________________________________________________________

Grammar Enrichment: Grade 10

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Unit 10 Parts of Speech

Unit 11 Parts of the Sentence

Unit 13 Clauses and Sentence Structure

Unit 15 Verb Tenses and Voice

Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement

Unit 17 Using Pronouns Correctly

Unit 18 Using Modifiers Correctly

Unit 21 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers

Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 1

B. Using Pronouns and Identifying Antecedents

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2 Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10

10.3 Action Verbs

B. Using Action Verbs

C. Understanding Action Verbs

intransitive action verbs to a class of fifth graders.

Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 3

10.3 Linking Verbs

B. Using Auxiliary Verbs

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4 Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10

Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 5

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

6 Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10

B. Writing with Prepositional Phrases

Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 7

Conjunctions and Interjections

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8 Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10

11.14 Subjects and Predicates

B. Using Subjects and Predicates

5. (inverted order) _________________________________________________________________

Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 11 9

11.5 Direct and Indirect Objects

B. Using Indirect Objects

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

10 Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 11

11.5 Object Complements

B. Using Object Complements

Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 11 11

11.5 Subject Complements

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

B. Using Subject Complements

12 Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 11

12.1 Prepositional Phrases

B. Using Prepositional Phrases

C. Lost and Found

Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 12 13

12.2 Appositives and Appositive Phrases

B. Using Appositives and Appositive Phrases

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

14 Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 12

12.3 Participles and Participial Phrases

B. Using Participles and Participial Phrases

Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 12 15

12.3 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases

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16 Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 12

12.3 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases