GMTNIRS:

The Giant Magellan Telescope

Near-Infrared Spectrograph

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

In-Soo Yuk

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GMTNIRS, the Giant Magellan Telescope Near-IR Spectrograph
is a high resolution single-object spectrograph with broad
instantaneous wavelength coverage.

Configuration:

Module 1 (JHK):
R=/ =60,000
All of J>1.15 m, H, and K
in one exposure

Module 2 (LM):
R=/ =100,000
All of L and M in one exposure

AO fed, slit width: 2.5/D

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 Instrument Team

The GMTNIRS Instrument Team Includes Members from

Univ. of Texas, Korea Astronomy and Space Sciences
Institute and Other Institututions
Project Management
System Engineering
UT
Optical Design
Immersion Grating

Optomechanics
Mechanics
KASI
Cryogenics
Electronics

KHU Software

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 Previous Model :
Natural Seeing Design (2006 version)
LM unit
~1m x 1m x 0.7m
2/D Slit gives 100,000 at 4.6
m.
Beam diameter = 45mm
Fed by AO system

JHK unit
2m x 1.5m x 1.5m
0.3 Slit at R=50,000
Using natural seeing
Size of Immersion grating = 30cm 4/24
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 Current Model : (2009 version)

Employing the AO front-end at all wavelengths

Four opto-mechanical subunits

Calibration box
Warm optics, absorption cells
Foreoptics section
Contain moving parts
Short wavelength spectrometer module
3 cross-dispersed spectrographs
Long wavelength spectrometer module
2 cross-dispersed spectrgraphs

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 Optical Layout
L

K
H
J M

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Optics JHK Module

wavelength coverage
= 1.15 - 2.45 m
beam diameter = 16mm
R=60,000
camera f-ratio = f/13.4
camera : 5 spherical lenses
unit box : 80 x 500 x 560 mm
VPH gratings
H2RG : 2k x 2k

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Optics LM Module

wavelength coverage
= 3 - 5 m
beam diameter = 52mm
R=100,000
camera f-ratio = f/6.1
camera : 4 spherical lenses
unit box : 150x474x916 mm
Surface relief grating
H4RG : 4k x 4k

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L-band spectrograph Echellogram

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 Silicon Immersion Grating

With an immersion grating, gets shorter by a factor of

the refractive index (n=3.44 for Si)
Instrument length scales with n, volume with n2 n3 =
12-40
Si opaque in the visible, good transparency in the near-
IR Entrance
face

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 Mechanics
Outer vessel :
- diameter = 2 m
- height = 0.6 m

Total Mass = 1.5 ton

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 Cryogenic

Temperature
Main optical bench : 50 K
Detectors : 37 K (dark current < 0.1 e/s/pixel)

Pair of cryocoolers mounted on the underside of the

cryostat

Temperature stability
RFP : wavelength stability of 0.2 resolution elements over an
hour exposure
0.15 K for Silicon immersion grating

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 Electronics

Detectors
JHK module
3 HAWAII-2RG arrays with SIDECAR ASIC
2048x 2048 pixels, 18 micron pixel
2.5 micron cutoff
LM module
2 HAWAII-4RG arrays with SIDECAR ASIC
4096x4096 pixels, 15 micron pixel
Slit Viewing Cameras
2 H1RG arrays with SIDECAR ASIC

Control System
Entirely IP based Control
Communicate via TCP/IP

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Software

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 Fabrication and Assembly

Korea
Fabrication
Assemble and Test module

UT
System integration
Optimization

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 GMT Instrument Platform

GMTNIRS

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 Performance Estimation
Band l (mm) R S/N=100 S/N=10
1 Hr 1Hr
J 1.23 60,000 15.2 18.4
H 1.63 60,000 15.2 18.4
K 2.22 60,000 14.9 18.2
L 3.47 100,000 11.6 14.3
M 4.89 100,000 9.0 11.5

2MASS Completeness limits at 80%

J 16.0
H 15.1
K 14.3

Assuming normal performance of the GMT (25 m) AO, we expect that

GMTNIRS will reach a S/N > 100 in H & K at R>60,000
on any source in the 2MASS catalog.

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 Performance Estimation

GMTNIRS Represents a Very Significant Advance over Existing

Instruments on 8m Class Telescopes

Instantaneous spectral coverage:

/2 compared to /70 (CRIRES) or /300 (Phoenix)

Read noise and dark current:

Lower by more than a factor of 2

Throughput:
Higher through use of immersion gratings, VPH cross-dispersers

Collecting Area:
Fully exploited by the AO system

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 IGRINS
Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph

Developed by the same team for GMTNIRS

Simultaneous coverage of 1.49-2.46 m (H and K) with a

0.68 slit (for a 4-m telescope) at R=40,000.
Silicon immersion grating
VPH gratings
H2RG with SIDECAR ASIC
80% software commonality with GMTNIRS
Very similar optomechanics and cryogenics

Fore-runner instrument for GMTNIRS

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 IGRINS

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 Summary

GMTNIRS provides a performance revolution, in

particular in wavelength coverage

GMTNIRS is simple

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Thank you!

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