qh Designation: C 880-98 ‘aMgRoAN SOCIETY FoR TESTING AND NATERALS pa etre eer ee thn Pa Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Dimension Stone’ This wand is issued under he fed designation C880; he number immesey owing the dsigtoninices te year of ‘perso apsion (} eaisaes an eo ha 1, Scope 1.1 ‘This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural strength of stone by use of a simple beam using ‘quareer-point loading. 1.2 Stone tests shall be made when pertinent for the situa tion when the load is perpendicular to the bedding plane and when the load is parallel to the bedding plane. 13 As required, the flexural tests shall also be conducted under wet conditions, 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units ae to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 15 This standard does not purport 10 address all of the safety concems, if any, associated with its use. Tt is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and desermine the applica- bitty of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines? C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone* 3. Terminology 3.1 Definirions—All definitions are in accordance with ‘Terminology C119. 4. Significance and Use 4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in ‘lexural strength between the various dimension stones, This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type, 5. Apparatus 3.1 Testing Machine (Fig. 1), conforming to the require- ‘ments of the applicable sections of Practices E 4, The quarter- point loading method shall be used in making flexuce tests of This wks method fs under the jnsitlen of ASTAE Commies C-18 on Dimesson Stone ad is the dec espn of Saber C180 cn Tet Meh Current eton apyroved Sept 10, 198. Publchad Mach 199, Originally blabed as C8807. Lax previous edton € ARO —96 imu Boo of ASTM Sunder. Vol (30 > Anal Book of ASTM Sunent Vol 0807 tl edoption of, tthe cae of revsom the ea ofa evson. A urbe y pret belt revi ot rsp Tote the year of lt approval A stone employing bearing blocks which will ensure that forces applied to the bean will be vertical only and applied without ceecentricity. The apparatus should be capable af maintaining the span Jength and distances between load-applying blocks and support blocks constant within * 1.3 ram (0.05 in,). The load should be capable of being applied at a uniform rate and in such a manner as to avoid shock. 6, Test Specimens 6.1 The test specimens shall measure 102 mm (4 in.) wide by 32 mm (1.25 in.) thick by 381 mm (15 in.) Tong. with a span as (ested of 318 mum (12.5 in.). The sides of the specitaen shall be at right angles with the top and bottom, The specimens shall have a fine abrasive finish on the planes perpendicular to the load and a fine saw finish on the other four planes, The dimensions of the specimen shall be measured and recorded to the nearest 0.3 mm (0.01 in.). A minimum af five specimens shall be tested for each condition of test. The average valve of the test results is reported as the fleural strength of the stone. 6.2 Where this test method is specified in the physical requirements of an ASTM C-18 Standard Specification for a ‘dimension stone, the test specimens shall meet the require- ments under 6.1 6.3 Where the job thickness has been set (for example, the thickness of the Stone panels for the project bas been estab- lished), itis often requested to perform flexure tests et the job thickness. The following shall govern the specimen size where itis requested to test at the job thickness and the job thickness is other than 32 min (1.25 in.). The span as tested shall be 10 times the thickness. The specimen lengths shall be not less than 51mm (2 in) and not more than 102 mm (4 in.) greater than the span as tested, Where the thickness is less than 68 mm (2.67 in.), the width of the specimen shall be 102 men (4 ia.) ‘Where the thickness is greater than 68 mm (2.67 in.) the width shall be 1.5 times the thickness. Where the thickness is other than 32 mm (1.25 in.) and the specimen size is in accordance with the job thickness criteria noted in the foregoing, the average value of the test results shall be reported as the flexural strength of the stone at the job thickness, All other require ‘ments shall be in accordance with 6.1 6.4 Where the job surface finish has been set (for example the architectural finish on the panels for the project has been established), itis often requested to perform flexure tests on specimens with the finish the same as on the job. The following@ cee0 + +—4—+ 34 [Nome—Apparaus may be used inverted FIG. 1 Diagrammatic View of a Suitable Apparatus for Flexure Test of Stone shail govern when it is requested 10 tes at the job surface finish The specimens shall have a finish on’ one plane perpendicular to the load in accordance with the finish speci- Fie forthe job. Unless there i data to the contrary. the positioning af the specimen should be with the finished face in flexural tension. The average value ofthe test results shall be reported as the Meaural srength of the stone atthe job surface finish. All ether requirements shall be in accordance with 6.1 and 63. {65 Where the specimens conform tothe requirements of 6.3 td 644, the average value of the fest results shall be reported as the flexural strength of the stone atthe job thickness and surface finish. 66 Test results obtained by this test method are those of flexural strength properties. In specific applications, test speci- mens of different geometry may give useful results in terms of modulus of rupture valve, 7. Conditioning 7.1 Before testing the specimens in a dry condition, dey them for 48 h at 60 + 2°C (140°F = 4°F). At the 46th, 47th and 48th hour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is the same. Ifthe weight continues to drop, continue to dry the specimens until there are three suecessive hourly readings with, the same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven, coo] them to room temperature in a desiccator before testing them, 7.2 Before testing the specimens in @ wet condition, im- merse them in water for 48 h at 22 = 2°C (72 £ 4°F), Test ‘them immediately upon removal from the bath, wiping the specimens free of surface water. 8 Procedure 8.1 Assemble the apparatus and place the specimen on the span supports and adjust the quarter point loading blocks into ceontact With the specimen, 8.2 Apply the load ata uniform stress rate of 4.14 MPa (600 psi/min.) to failure. 9 Calculation 9.1 Calculate the flexural strength, ¢, as follows: WE. # w o = flexural strength, MPa (p W= maximum load, N (bt, L = spon, mm (in), L = Ibe, b= width of specimen, mm (in.); b & 1.Sd, and d= depth of specimen, mm (in) 10, Report 10.1 The report shall include the following: 10.1.1 Stone type. 10.1.2 Sizes of the specimens used. 10.1.3 Preconditioning procedure used. 10.1.4 Individual test results for each specimen, 10.1.5 Average value of the test results for each group using the following relation: sum of observed values ~~ qumber oF es 10.1.6 Standard deviation, s, of the test results for each ‘group using the following relation: 10.1.7 Any variations from the above procedural 1ech- niques. 11. Precision and 1.1 Individual variations in @ natural product may result in deviation from accepted values. A precision section will be added when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptable tolerances in repeatability and reproducibility, 12. Keywords 12.1 dimension stone; flexural strength; flexure: stone; test@ c 280 ‘The Amercan Society fr Testing and Matta takes no poston respecting the vast of any patent igh asoared i connection ann sry tam mendoned in he stand Urea ie standard ar expres ised Pat darian oe any ay 2 paton not adhe vik of ntingement ef ch Nts. are entra oy ow e5porsPy 1s standarassutect 0 revson a anytime bythe respons cna conmitee ard must be evontd wary We yeas a ‘tnotraviced ether reapproved or wibdrawn. You eormont are vie air fo roster hs tard eer sonal sarcarss land shuld be aatrossed fo ASTH Headwaters. Vou comments i ccave call cnsieraion at a meeting ote responsible eomical cormias which You ay ate fou ee tat yur conan have 2a ecaNed fa hearing you shoud Make Your ‘hows know tthe ASTM Conmce a Standards 100 Bar roar Dive, lost Conspanocn, PA 128