CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU

SATHYA
SUBTOPIK SUBTOPIK PERLU DIBERI PERHATIAN

Pascal Principle (Theory :Toothpaste // Conceptual Q5orQ6 // Hydraulic Pump // H.Break Sec A// H.Jack Sec
B/C)
Pressure in Liquid
Gas Pressure (Monometer) + ATM Pressure (Carbord + Glass // Syringe)
Archimedes (Submarine / Ship / Hot Air Baloon)
Bernoulli (Water Tube)

Fokus2 Penting
Pascals Principle
Prinsip Pascal menyatakan bahawa apabila tekanan yang
dikenakan pada cecair yang tertutup, tekanan akan dipindahkan
secara seragam ke seluruh bahagian cecair itu.

Pascals Principle states that when a pressure is applied to an

enclosed fluid, the pressure will be transmitted equally throughout
the whole fluid.

: Hydraulic Braking System

Q: Why is it dangerous if air bubble is trapped in the brake fluid of a
braking system
1. If air bubble is present in the fluid, the fluid become
compressible.
2. This may prevent pressure transmits through the fluid and
h1A1=h2A2 hence causing ineffective braking effect.

Q: Why oil but not water is used as the hydraulic fluid in a hydraulic
brake system?
1. Because the boiling point of oil is much higher than water.
- Biasanya kamu tengok hydraulic degan label Force dan Area can
This prevent the hydraulic fluid from boiling when the brake
sahaja.
is very hot.
- Tapi kena ingat height area juga boleh ditanya
2. Water may cause rusting in the part of the braking system

1
CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU
SATHYA
Hydraullic Jack (Lama x ditanya)
Working mechanism of a hydraulic jack.

(c) Kapal selam/Submarine

Kapal selam dibina
dengan dinding yang
tebal untuk menahan
3. This process is repeated until the load is sufficiently
lifted up. tekanan yang sangat
4. The large piston can be lowered down by releasing tinggi di lautan dalam
the hydraulic fluid back to the buffer tank through A submarine is built with
1. When the handle is pressed down, valve A is closed whereas the release vale. thick walls to withstand
valve B is opened. The hydraulic fluid is forced into the large cylinder high pressure at greater
and hence pushes the piston moving upward.
Pressure In Liquid

2.When the (a) Tangki air/Water tank

handle is raised, Kebiasaannya tangki air ditempatkan di tempat yang tinggi
valve B will be supaya tekanan air yang dihasilkan adalah lebih tinggi .
closed while vale Normally a water tank is placed at higher level so that the
A
water pressure produced is higher .
will be
opened.
Hydraulic (b) Empangan/Dam
fluid from the Dinding sebuah empangan adalah lebih tebal di bahagian
buffer tank dasar berbanding dengan bahagian atas supaya dapat
will be suck
into the
menampung lebih tekanan di bahagian bawah. Ini adalah
small kerana tekanan bertambah apabila kedalaman air
cylinder. bertambah.
The walls of a dam is much thicker at the bottom than at the
top so that it can withstand the greater pressure at the
bottom. This is because water pressure increases with depth.
Dinding tersebut dibina menggunakan bahan/konkrit yang
lebih kuat untuk meningkatkan ketahanan
dinding itu.
The wall is constructed using stronger materials/concrete to
increase the strength of the wall
2
CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU
SATHYA

3
CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU
SATHYA
CONTOH CONTOH SOALAN
ii. material of the body,
(A) Diagram 9.2 shows the toothpaste flows out of its tube while squeezing at bahan untuk membina badan,
the bottom end.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan ubat gigi mengalir keluar daripada iii. type of liquid used,
tiubnya apabila dipicit bahagian hujung bawahnya. jenis cecair yang digunakan,

Explain how the toothpaste flows out and name a physics principle related to it. iv. handle and
Terangkan bagimana ubat gigi itu mengalir keluar dan namakan prinsip fizik pemegang dan
yang
berkaitan dengannya. v. ability to reset the piston position easily
[4 marks] kebolehan untuk mengembalikan omboh kepada kedudukan asal
(B) Diagram 9.3 shows a hidraulic jack which can lift up a maximum mass of 1
metric tonne.
Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan sebuah jek hidraulik yang boleh mengangkat jisim
maksima 1 ton
metrik

Using suitable physics concepts, explain the modification that needs to be done
to the of the hidraulic jack to enable it to lift mass of greater quantity.
Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, terangkan
pengubahsuaian ke atas jek hidraulik untuk membolehkannya
mengangkat jisim yang lebih besar

i. size of the piston,

saiz omboh,

4
CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU
SATHYA

5
CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU
SATHYA

________________________________________

6
CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU
SATHYA

7
CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU
SATHYA

8
CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU
SATHYA

9
CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE (RAMALAN SPM 2016) CIKGU
SATHYA
Suhu belon udara panas itu
Reason //Seba

(ii) The size of the balloon

Saiz belon
Reason
Sebab
Compare the diameter of horizontal tube at A
and B

Compare the speed of air at A and B

Compare the air pressure at A and B.

Based on the answers in 6(b), state the

relationship between speed of air and

(i) air pressure

Diagram 7.2 shows a hot air balloon in an
annual festival during Historical Malacca City
Day.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan satu belon udara
panas dalam satu perayaan tahunan hari
Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah.
The burning flame is adjusted to maintain the
balloon at a certain height. (ii) height of water level in vertical
Explain the situation. tube
Nyalaan api dilaraskan untuk mengekalkan
belon terapung pada satu
ketinggian yang tertentu. Terangkan situasi ini.

Using Diagram 7.2 suggest a modification on

the hot air balloon so that the balloon will float
higher based on the following aspects:
Menggunakan Rajah 7.2 cadangkan satu
modifikasi ke atas belon udara panas itu
berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
(i) The temperature of the hot air balloon
Diagram 5.1 and 5.2 show the situation of the
water lavels in vertical tubes before and during
the time when high speed air flows through the
horizontal tube

10