Worksheet 4.1 ‘The Periodic Table Name: . Date: Element symbol cards (to cut out) Hae} ufve] 8} cj w]o]r |ne]na mg] a] si] p | s [cy] ar} K | ca] er] Kk Instructions Give out a blank Periodic Table, a copy of the list below and a set of symbol cards to each team. Each team selé¢té @ questioner (Student 1), who reads a location from the list below at random, e.9. Period 2, Group 3. Student 2 then finds this location and selects the correct card to place there. They have three more ‘goes’ and then the questioner checks their answers. Any incorrect cards are removed and placed back in the pack. Student2 then becomes the questioner, and Student 3 does the placing of cards for four turns, and then roles rotate again. Play continues until all 22 elements are correctly placed. Period 1 Group 1 - hydrogen H Period } Group 2- helium He Period 2 Group 1 - lithium Li Period 2 Group 2-- beryllium Be Period 2 Group 3 - boron B Period 2 Group 4 ~ carbon C Period 2 Group 5 ~ nitrogen N Period 2 Group 6 - oxygen OPeriod 2 Group 7 - fluorine F Period 2 Group 8 - neon Ne Period 3 Group 1 ~ sodium Na Period 3 Group 2 magnesium Mg Period 3 Group 3 - aluminum Al Period 3 Group 4 ~ silicon Si Period 3 Group 5 ~ phosphorus P Period 3 Group 6 ~ sulfur $ Period 3 Group 7 ~ chlorine CL Period 3 Group 8 - argon Ar Period 4 Group 1 - potassium K Period 4 Group 2- calcium Ca Period 4 Group 7 — bromine Br Period 4 Group 8 - krypton K Support ‘The game can be played with fewer cards, e.g. those representing just 10 better-known elements, such as. in this list: Period 1 Group 1 — hydrogen 1 Period 1 Group 2 - helium He Period 2 Group 1 - lithium Li Period 2 Group 4 ~ carbon C Period 2 Group 5 - nitrogen N Period 2 Group 6 ~ oxygen O Period 2 Group 8 ~ neon Ne Period 3 Group 1 ~ sodium Na Period 3 Group 7 ~ chlorine CL Period 4 Group 2 calcium Ca at #0 e ours sorWorksheet 4.2 Group 1 elements Name: for you. Date: . Join the boxes with lines to make up five correct statements about Group 1 elements. One has been done All Group 1 elements burns with a tijac Name. Lithium {are safe to handle without gloves. Potassium Is not a typical Group 1 element. None of the Group 1 elements react with water. Hydrogen is the least reactive of the Group 1 metals.Worksheet 4.2 Group 1 elements Answers All Group 1 elements ‘bums with a lilac flame. Lithium are safe to handle without gloves. Potassium is not a typical Group 1 element. None of the Group 1 elements react with water. is the least reactive of the Hydrogen Group 1 metals. as #2 e ours sorWorksheet 4.3 Group 2 elements Name: . Date: Read the text about Group 2 elements and then answer the questions. Group 2 of the Periodic Table includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. Be Ma. Ca Sr Ba They are all silvery white metals. Because they react with oxygen in the alr, all the Group 2 metals have a thin coating of oxide. ‘Magnesium does not react with water, but does react with steain. Calcium reacts steadily with cold water. Strontium reacts more quickly with water a bit like lithium from Group 1 ‘Magnesium is used in flash photography and fireworks; Magnesium has a low density, so itis used in alloys*, where it’s important to reduce the weight. Calcium is the main component of teeth and bones, Calcium compounds are used in making lime, bricks, cement and glass. It is also present in limestone, used as a building material. Strontium compounds are used in toothpastes and also to give a red color in fireworks. Barium is used to help diagnose medical problems. The digestive system does not show up well on an X-ray. But ifa patient swallows some barium sulfate and is then X-rayed, the barium ‘meal’ can show where there are blockages or other problems. “An alloy is a mixture of two or mote metals. Questions 1 Name two things that Group 2 elements have in common. 2. How does the reactivity of Group 2 metals change from beryllium (Be) to barium (Ba)? 3° Using what you have read about how magnesium, calcium and strontium react with water, predict the reaction of barium with water,4 Magnesium fizzes and reacts quickly with hydrochloric acid. Describe the reaction of calcium with acid 5. Why do you think the Group 2 metals are not used to replace metals such as aluminum and steel in car bodies and other structures? 6 Which elements are added to fireworks to a) make them brighter b) give a red glow? 7 Name three uses of calcium, 8 Why are patients sometimes given a “barium meal’?Worksheet 4.3 Group 2 elements Answers 1 Any two of: reactive, silvery white, metals, have oxide coating because they react with oxygen 2. More reactive down the group a)’ 3 Reacts vigorously/burss into flame/reacts like sodium (or equivalent)» 4. Reacts vigorously (or equivalent) . 5 Too reactive 6 a) magnesium —_b) strontium. svar QUA SCENE 0H 8 99 S soos soreWorksheet 4.4 Periodic Table - loop game Name: Date: hydrogen. The Periodic Table is a Group 1 elements are more chart showing reactive than Group all known elements. 2 elements. The rows across the Periodic Table are called periods. The columns in the Periodic Table are called groups. Group 1 shows the Group 7 includes the} elements ' elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine. lithium, sodium, potassium. From lithium to potassium, From fluorine to bromine, reactivity increases. decreases. Bromine is more reactive Magnesium is less-reactive calcium. _ iodine. The element in Group 1, Finish Period 1 isWorksheet 4.5 Airship design Name: Date: . Work in teams of two or three for this role-play. Student 1 takes the role of Designer. Student 2 takes the role of Scientist. Student 3 (optional) takes the role of Chairperson, Instructions Using the section in the Student Book and your own research et out the following role-play of a discussion soon after the Hindenburg disaster. Designer: you claim that the Hindenburg disaster was just@ oh¢-off accident. It could be explained by a chance spark from something, or a lightning strike. There is nothing wrong with using hydrogen. Its a very lightweight gas and airships should carry on using it Scientist: you claim that hydrogen is too hazardous to se in airships. Explain that an alternative gas could be found. Give your reasons for replacing hydrogen with helium. Chairperson: Ensure that both Designer and Scientist have the chance to put forward their arguments without being interrupted. Make a decision about the future of airships and explain your decision to the team. ao e sore ashWorksheet 5.1 Atoms and molecules Name? .j.sssssesnsenninintannsees Date: . Answer the questions, using a copy of the Periodic Table or the list below for the names and symbols of elements H-hydrogen 0 - oxygen S-sulfar Na- sodium : Mg-magnesium —_ Fe-iron : Cl-chlorine —_N-nitrogen : P-phosphorus _K- potassium : C-carbon Questions 1. How many atoms of oxygen are in each of these molecules? 20, B)HSO, NGO) MgO) FeO, | FY NaCl How many atoms of hydrogen are in each of these molecules? a) HO b)HPO, NH, @) NaH HNO, — f) KOH How many atoms of carbon are in each of these molecules? CO, b)CH, QNa,CO, AGH, @) Caco, CH,CO,H. How many oxygen atoms are in these molecules? 4a) nitrogen monoxide —_b) nitrogen dioxide ‘Write the formula for the two oxides of nitrogen in Question 4. PITT? HQURYSIENCE Tan 5 SWorksheet 5.1 Atoms and molecules 12 bw4 o1 2a2 w2 03 3a@1 v1 oO a1 2 5 a)NO b) NO, ai ot a2 o4 eo el jo 91 02Worksheet 5.20 Word equations and compounds 1 Name? .j.sssssesnsenninintannsees Date: . 1 Complete the word equations for these reactions: 4@) calcium + hydrochloric acid > by iron + hydrochloric acid ©) aluminum + hydrochloric acid > 4) zine + sulfuric actd > ©) magnesium + hydrochloric acid > £) iron + sulfuric acid > 2 Complete this general equation for the reaction of a metal and acid: metal + acid > salt + 3. Describe the test for the gas that is produced when a metal reacts with avi acid. 4. In these word equations, underline the salt a) sodium + hydrochloric acid -» sodium chloride + hydragen >) aluminum + sulfuric acid -> aluminum sulfate hydrogen Write the names of these compounds @ ZnO »)Ca_ MgO) NAO PINT HQURYSHENEE Tan S08 S sotena 2600Worksheet 5.20 Word equations and compounds 1 Answers 1 a) Calcium + hydrochloric acid + calcium chloride + hydrogen b) Iron + hydrochloric acid > iron chloride + hydrogen ©} Aluminum + hydrochloric acid > aluminum chloride + hydrogen. 4) Zinc + sulfuric acid > zine sulfate + hydrogen ©) Magnesium + hydrochloric acid — chloride + hydrogen Iron + sulfuric acid -» iron sulfate + hydrogen Metal + acid > salt + hydrogen - 3. The ‘pop’ test. 4. a) Sodium + hydrochloric acid > sodium chloride + hydrogen b) Aluminum + sulfuric acid -» aluminum sulfate + hydrogen 5 a)Zincoxide _b) Calclum oxide cj Maghesium oxide d) Sodium oxide rer gum SCENE Tan 2 S sore ashWorksheet 5.2b Word equations and compounds 2 Name? .j.sssssesnsenninintannsees Date: . 1 Fill in the gaps in the word equations for these reactions: @) calcium + hydrochloric acid» ______ chloride + hydrogen b) iron + hydrochloric acid »______ chloride + hydrogen ©) aluminum + hydrochloric acid -> aluminum chloride + 4) zine + sulfuric acid» __________ sulfate + hydrogen ©) magnesium + hydrochloric acid > iron +__________acid iron sulfate + hydrogen 2 Complete this general equation for the reaction of a metal and acid: metal + acid > salt + 3. The test for the gas that is produced when a metal reacts with an aiid Isa lighted splint. What is the name of the test and what happens to the lighted splint? 4 In these word equations, underline the salt. 4) sodium + hydrochloric acid — sodium chloride + hydrogen ) aluminum + sulfuric acid > aluminum sulfate + hydrogen 5. Write the names of these compounds (the first one is done for you): 4) Zn0 ~ zinc oxide b)cao-________oxide ©) MgO ~ magnesium 4) Na,O - sodium PITT? BHQURYSHENEE Tan S08 S sotena 2600Worksheet 5.2b Word equations and compounds 2 Answers 1 a) Calcium + hydrochloric acid + calcium chloride + hydrogen b) Iron + hydrochloric acid — iron chloride + hydrogen ©} Aluminum + hydrochloric acid — aluminum chloride + hydrogen. 4) Zinc + sulfuric acid -» zine sulfate + hydrogen ©) Magnesium + hydrochloric acid > magnesium chloride + hydrogen ) ron + sulfuric acid -> iron sulfate + hydrogen Metal + acid > salt + hydrogen - 3. The test for the gas that is produced when a metal reacts with an acid is a lighted splint that pops. 4. a) Sodium + hydrochloric acid > sodium chloride + hydrogen b) Aluminum + sulfuric acid -» aluminum sulfate + hydrogen 5 a) ZnO ~ zinc oxide b) CaO ~ calcium oxide ©) MgO - magnesium oxide 4) Na,O ~ sodium oxide srry argu SreNe Tan ns S08 S sows smWorksheet 5.3 Reactions and word equations Name: Date: . 1. Complete this general equation for the reaction of a metal oxide and acid: metal oxide + acid > salt + 2. Complete the word equations for these reactions: «@) calcium oxide + hydrochloric acid > ) iron oxide + hydrochloric acid —> ©) potassium oxide + hydrochloric acid -> 4) zinc oxide + sulfuric acid -> ©) magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid -> £) iron oxide + sulfuric acid > 3. Write down three pieces of evidence that tell you that a reaction is taking place: 4 In these word equations, underline the reactants and shade the products. a) sodium + hydrochloric acid -» sodium chloride + hydrogen D)eluminum + sulfate acd — aluminum sulk pMrogen 5. Name the salt that is produced when: 4) zinc oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid ») copper oxide reacts with sulfuric acid 6 Metal oxides also react with nitric acid to produce a nitrate and water. Name the salt produced when: a) tin oxide reacts with nitric acid ») calcium oxide reacts with nittié acid a v0 e ours sorWorksheet 5.3 Reactions and word equations Answers 1 Metal oxide + acid + salt + water 2. a) Calcium oxide + hydrochloric acid + calcium chloride + water ) Iron oxide + hydrochloric acid -» iron chloride + water ©) Potassium oxide + hydrochloric acid > potassium chloride + water 4) Zinc oxide + sulfuric acid — zine sulfate + water ©) Magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid -> magnesium chloride + water Iron oxide + sulfuric acid > iron sulfate + water /~- 3. Fizzing (or bubbles), color change, temperature change (getting warm) 4. a) Sodium + hydrochloric acid — sodium chloride + hydrogen b) Aluminum + sulfuric acid -» aluminium sulfate + hydrogen 5 a) Zinc chloride ) Copper sulfate 6 a) Tin nitrate b) Calcium nitrate surrey rum SEN Tan 3 S sore ashWorksheet 5.4 Reactions with acids Name: . Date: 1 In this unit you have looked at how three types of chemical (metal, metal oxide and metal carbonate) react with acids. 4) In what ways are all these reactions similar? 1b) In what ways are all these reactions different? 2 Jamal adds a white powder to some hydrochloric acid in a test tube. He sees bubbles around the powder. ‘What do the bubbles tell Jamal? 3 Jamal holds a lighted splint at the mouth of the test tube. The splint goes out. What type of chemical is the white powder likely to be? Explain your answer. 4 Jamal next adds a black powder to some hydrochloric acid in a test tube, He observes that the solution has changed color to green. What does the color change tell Jamal? 5. The black powder is copper oxide. Write’a word equation for this reaction, 6 Anna adds a silvery substance to some sulfuric acid in a test tube. She observes fizzing and the tube becomes warmer. Anna thinks that the silvery substance is a metal. How should she check if she is right?Worksheet 5.4 Reactions with acids Answers 1a) They all produce a salt. ) They all produce a different product in addition to a salt. 2. Areaction is taking place/a gas is being produced. 3. Accarbonate, because a carbonate and acid produces carbon dioxide; the test for carbon dioxide is that a lighted splint goes out, 4. Arreaction is taking place. 5 copper oxide + hydrochloric acid -» copper chloride «water 6 Use the ‘pop’ test for hydrogen. surrey gum SrENE Tanner S soos soreWorksheet 5.5 Chemical formulae and word equations Name: Date: . 1 Write down the word equations for the reactions you have carried out in this unit. Check that you agree with the equations below: zinc + sulfuric acid — zine sulfate + hydrogen, magnesium + sulfuric acid > magnesium sulfate + hydrogen zinc + hydrochloric acid ~ zinc chloride + hydrogen magnesium + hydrochloric acid > magnesium chloride + hydrogen, copper oxide + sulfuric acid -> copper sulfate + water calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid ~ calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water Put a tick next to each of your equations you have got right. 2. Write the formula for each of the chemicals you have used, Check them aijainst the list below: zine Zn ‘magnesium Mg copper oxide Cu calcium carbonate Caco, hydrogen H, sulfuric acid H,SO, water HO hydrochloric acid HCL zinc sulfate ZnSO, zine chloride ZnCl, magnesium sulfate MgSO, magnesium chloride MgCl, calcium chloride CaCl, carbon dioxide CO, 3. Now rewrite the word equations from Question 1, but this time use the formulae instead of the words. Count up the number of each type of atom on the left of the arrow and on the right. The numbers should ‘valance’, For example, if you have 2 hydrogens on thé left, there should be 2 hydrogens on the right. Most of these equations are balanced already. Can youfind one that isn’t? 4. Look at this equation: Zn + HCl ZnCl, +H, Leftthand side: 1 Zn, 1 Hand 1 CL Right-hand side: 1 Zn, 2H and 2.Cl ‘What can you do to make it balance? The formulae can’t be changed - they are fixed. But you can put a number in front of the formulae to indicate that there is more than one molecule. Look at the balanced equation written upside down at the bottom of the sheet to check your answer. SHH Iouz © DHZ+uz a oo S sows asmWorksheet 7.1 Case study - Mount St Helens, 1980 Name: Date: . ‘Mount St Helens is an active volcano in North America. In 1978, scientists suggested that Mount St Helens was likely to erupt. In the last $00 years Mount St Helens had erupted roughly once every hundred years, but the last big one had been in 1842, An eruption was overdue! {mn 1980, a system of seismometers was in place to monitor the volcano. On March 20 a 4.2 magnitude earthquake was recorded beneath Mount St Helens. Soon they were happening at a rate of about 15 per hour, along with avalanches and rockfalls. The side of the mountain began to bulge out and steam was erupted from the cone. ‘But during April and May, the volcano became quieter. ‘Then on May 18, at 8:32 a.m., a huge earthquake caused the entire northem slope above the bulge to slide downward, This gigantic landslide triggered a blast that rapidly overtook the avaianche and devastated an area 30 kilometers wide over a distance of 20 kilometers. Thousands of trees were biown down, ‘The avalanche resulted in mudflows (called lahars) later in the day. The eruption lasted for 9 hours and produced pyroclastic flows" and a.coliimin of ash and steam more than 10 kilometers high. Ash was deposited over a luge area. Filly-seven people were killed in the May 18 eruption, including a volcandlogist who was monitoring the volcano. The number killed was lower than it might have been because many people had evacuated the region. Earthquakes can trigger volcanic eruptions, but tiny man-made earthquakes might help to predict them, Scientists set off small explosions close to volcanoes and monitor the shock waves. The behavior of the shock waves can give information about the magma beneath the volcanic chain, A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of hot gas anid rock, which can reach speeds up to 725 km/h. The gas can reach temperatures of about 100°C to S sows asmQuestions 1. What is an ‘active’ volcano? 2 In 1978 why did scientists think Mount St Helens might erupt soon? 3. What is a seismometer? 4 What happened to the trees in the area around Mount St fielens? S. What is a lahar? 6 Why is pyroclastic flow very dangerous? 7 The 1980 Mount St Helens eruption was one of the largest in the 20th century. Why do you think more people were not killed in this eruption? 8 Describe ane way that scientists are able to monitor active volcanoes.Worksheet 7.1 Case study - Mount St Helens, 1980 Answers 1 An ‘active! voleano is one that is stil likely to erupt 2 Mount St Helens had erupted roughly every hundred years, but had not erupted since 1842 3 A.scismometer measures movements ofthe ground/seismic waves 4 Trees in the area around Mount St Helens were destroyed. / 5 Alaharis a mudfiow. 6. Pyroclastc flow is very dangerous because it moves very fast and is made up of very hot material. 7. More people were not Killed in the 1980 eruption because they had moved away/been evacuated. 8 Scientists are able to monitor active volcanoes by setting off small explosions close to them and monitoring the shock waves. to S sows asmWorksheet 7.2 ‘The Red Cross and Red Crescent Name? .j.sssssesnsenninintannsees Date: .. ‘The Red Cross and Red Crescent is the world’s largest humanitarian network, with nearly 15.5 million, volunteers. y In addition to training people in disaster preparation, the organization assists wth responses to natural disasters. AS Use the internet to research a recent natural disaster and find out how the Red Cross and Red Crescent responded. . rer rumen Tan ns S soos soreWorksheet 7.3 Survival! Name: Date: 1. Imagine you were caught up in a natural disaster — an earthquake, flood or fire. Make a list of your survival needs, The list has been started for you. clean water shelter 2. Now make a list of things to keep in a survival kit to help you meet those needs, The list has been started for you. lodine tablet blanket (to purity water)3. A basic first ald kit might be useful. What do you think it should contain? needle and thread jseptic ant 4 Communication is very important after a disaster. How will you communicate with other members of your family or the rescue services? What happens when your phone runs out of battery or if the network tower has been destroyed?Worksheet 7.3 Survival! © Answers : 21 dean water : shelter food o.& $ dothing \ S communication 4 : S 2 iodine tablets (to purty water) NOY : 2 blanket SS : ‘warm clothing ‘compass sealed water bottle rope or string S dehydrated food : © Aashlight with fresh batteries : © pocket knife : paper and pencil * ‘matches in an airtight plastic bag candle © cellphone and solar charger SS : § list of emergency numbers ° : © 8 needle and thread & : antiseptic bandages disinfectant S rolltape : © band-aids : 5 rehydration sachets : PINT? BHQURYSHENEE Tan “8 S soos sorWorksheet 8.10 Chlorophyll and color 1 Name? .j.sssssesnsenninintannsees Date: .. Read the passage and answer the queiions Tourists visit Europe and the horthem parts of the USA in autumn, especially to see the colors asthe trees adapt tothe colder weather ‘The green pigment in leaves's chlorophyll. Molecules of chlorophyll absorb red and blue light from sunlight, s0 the leaves appear green ‘But bright sunlight causes chlorophyll to break down. Plants must continuously make new chlorophyll, and this proces need sunlight and warm temperatures Another colore compound found inthe leaves of many plants is carotene. Carotene absorbs bluegreen and blue ight @Zearotene appears yellow. Carotene does not break down as ently as chiorophy/l - stays in the leaves even when chlorophyll has disappeared. When chlorophyll disappears from a leaf, the remaining carotene cases the leaf to appear yellow. A shira type of colored compound, anthocyanins, absorb blue, bluegreen, and green light, So the light reflected by leaves containing anthocyanins appears re, Anthocyanins need light anda high concentration of sugar. This s why apples are often red on one side and green on the other; the rd sde was in the sun and the gteen side was in the shade. ‘The shortening days and cool nights of autumn trigger changes in the tree, The plant cannot make as much chlorophyll so the green color of the leaf fades. Ifthe leaf contains carotene, it will change from : © green to bright yellow as the chlorophyll disappears. In some trees, the sugar in the eaves reacts to form © © anthocyanins. These cause the yellowing leaves to turn red : surrey argu SENS Tan ns 88 S soos soreQuestions 1. Why might tourists visit the USA in autumn? 2. Which chemical is responsible for the green color in leaves? 3. What does a plant need if it is to make new supplies of chlorophyll? 4 Why is chlorophyll important for the plant? 5. What colors are absorbed by carotene? 6 What color does carotene appear? 7 Why does the green color of leaves fade in autumn? 8 What compounds cause yellow leaves to turn red?Worksheet 8.10 Chlorophyll and color 1 Answers 1 To experience color changes in the leaves of trees, 2. Chlorophyll a)’ 3. Sunlight and warm temperatures 4 Tor photosynthesis 5. Blue-green and blue 6 Yellow 8 Anthocyanins srry gums Tan 8 S soos soreWorksheet 8.1b Chlorophyll and color 2 Name? .j.sssssesnsenninintannsees Date: . Choose words from the box to fill in the gaps below. sunlight night day glucose photosynthesis energy air chlorophyll food starch plants green red 1 Plants get their__________ from the Sun, 2. Plants make their own food in a process called 3. Animals eat___________or other animals. They da not make their own 4. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted to—7 _______and oxygen. 5 The oxygen is released into the. © 6 The glucose is converted into___in the plants" leaves. : © 7 Todo this, a chemical called —__-> —_ must be present in the leaves. : 8 Chlorophyll absores _____ and blue light so it appears 9 Aplant also needs ___7___for the photosynthesis reaction to take place. 10 Plants do not photosynthesise during the Which word did you not use? — PITT SHQURYSHENCE Tan S ows os2 Plants make their own food in a process called photosynthesis, 3. Animals eat plants or other animals. They do not make their vn Food £4 nphotosymthess carbon dioxide and water are converte fo glucose and oxygen. $5 The oxygen i released into the al. S 6 The glucose is converted into stareh in the plans’ eaves 7 Todo this, a chemical called chlorophyll must be present in the leaves, 5 & Chtorophyt absrts red and ive ght 6 appears green : 9 Aplant also needs sunlight for the photosynthesis reaction to take place 10 Plants do not photosynthesise during the might. Which word did you not use? day Worksheet 8.1b Chlorophyll and color 2 Answers Plants get their energy from the Sun, sven rgum SEN Tans 97 &Worksheet 8.2 Photosynthesis Name? .j.sssssesnsenninintannsees Date: . Join the boxes with lines to make up five correct statements about photosynthesis. One has been dorie for you. Most ofa plant’ from thie Soil and 5 | biomass \ react in sunlight the air : : Carbon dioxide and \ happens more | im high intensity : water quickly f light. : Chlorophyll \ into starch. so appears green. . \ 4 absorbs red and to make glucose Photosynthesis \ bie ight and oxygen S| Plants convert \ comes fromi water which is stored in : & | glucose and cartion dioxide the leaves : PITT HQURYSHENEE Tan S ows osWorksheet 8.2 Photosynthesis 2 Answers : Most of a plant's from the soil and biomes react in sunlight ane 5 | Carbon dioxide and happens more in high intensity : © | water \ quickly light. : Chlorophyll Into starch / s0 appears green. : esis absorbs red and to make glucose : 5 | Photesyntn \ blue light ‘and oxygen. : Plants convert comes from water which is stored in = | glucose and carbon dioxide the leaves. : rer rum SEN Tan 8 S sows smWorksheet 8.3 Photosynthesis and cells Name: Dats Cut out the statements from the bottom of the page and place them in the correct column. TRUE FALSE Cyroplasm is aliquid The semi permeable membrane lets substances in-and out ofa cell ‘Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll Al clls have a cell wall The mitodiondra contain DNA, | Animal els contain chloroplast : Chloroplasts absorb green Tigh Most cll ave two oF more nucel, | A eel needs oxygen for : photosynthesis : The vacuole in a cal contains water, | the nucleus controls thecal processes, | Photosynthesis does nat akeplacein | animal cells :Worksheet 8.3 Photosynthesis and cells © Answers : : TRUE FALSE, : Gyroplasm is a liquid. ‘All cells have a cell wall The vacuole in a cell contains water. Chloroplasts absorb green light. © |The semipermeable membrane lets substances in | The mitochondria contain DNA. : © Jand out of a cel - : The nucleus controls the cell processes. Most cells have two or more nucle. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll ‘Animal cells contain chloroplasts. Photosynthesis does not take place in animal cells.” | A cell needs oxygen for photosynthesis. ‘sven gum SEN Tan S sore ashWorksheet 8.4 ‘The carbon cycle Name: Date: . Choose one of the following tasks. Use the information in section 4 of this unit. 1 Design a board game for your team to play. This could be like ‘Snakes and ladders’ or a game in which ‘you score or lose points depending on which square you land on after spinning a spinner. 2. Write an article for a student newspaper about the problem of deforestation. 3. Design a page spread about the carbon cycle suitable for a Grade 6 student book. 4 Make up a quiz about the carbon cycle. Aim for about 10 questions, and ensure you know the correct answers before you test your team-mates! a v8 e ours sorWorksheet 10.1 Maing a bottle organ Name: . Date: . Collect five or six bottles of different shapes and sizes. They can be glass or plastic, but should have a narrow neck, Try blowing across the neck of each bottle, Do they all make a sound? Make sure you blow across the neck, not into the bottle. ‘Choose one of your bottles. Blow across the neck of the bottle, Use «mobile phone app (such as Frequensee) to find the note Now add water to your bottle and blow across the neck again, Has the note changed? Is the pitch higher or lower? All sounds are caused by vibrations. What do you think is vibrating when you blow across the bottle neck? (itis not the water in the bottle, but the air column above the water that vibrates.) You can use the method yi have practiced to make a range of nots. In te table below, record the helght of bot, the water level, the height of air column and the note. One row isflled in as an example 22cm. cm an FeWorksheet 10.2 Echoes Name: Date: Read the text and then answer the questions. Sound waves can be reflected ~ this is calléd ah echo, You can hear an echo if you shout in a cave, or in a tunnel. The vibrations caused by your voice meet the wall of the cave or tunnel and bounce back. Echoes can be useful. Animals such as dolphins, whales and bats use echoes to avoid obstacles or to catch prey. This is called echolocation. Dolphins emit a series of clicks. The pattern of the click echoes enable them to sense small objects up to 100 meters away. Insect-eating bats hunt in the dark, They emit loud high-pitched calls through their nostrils, and detect the echoes with their large eats. They can even tell whether an insect is hard- or soft-bodied and can detect the Alutter ofits wings. Echoes are useful to humans too. High-frequency sounds (ultrasound) are used to form images of body tissue, Ultrasound is used to check that an unborn baby is developing normally, and to check if a patient hasQuestions 1 What is a sound reflection called? 2. Name three animals that use echolocation. 3. Where might a human hear an echo? 4 Why might dolphins emit a series of clicks? 5. Why do insect-eating bats use echolocation instead of sight? 6 What adaptation do bats have to help thém echolocate? 7 What do humans use ultrasound for?Worksheet 10.2 1 Anecho 2 Bats, dolphins, whales 56S 3 Ina tunnel or cave, or under a bridge 4 To listen for the pattern of echoesjto help them avoid obstacles/to hunt for prey 5. They hunt in the dark 6 Large ears 7 Medical imaging PITA? BHQURYSHENCE Tan S soos sorWorksheet 10.3 Identifying sounds The diagrams show how some different sounds appear on an oscilloscope screen. Match the diagrams with the sounds. high-frequency tuning fork low-frequency tuning fork = quiet birdsong | } \ | \ } nolsy car engine car tires squealing rer argu SEN Tan ns 88 &Worksheet 10.3 Identifying sounds Answers high-frequency tunirig fork quiet birdsong noisy car engine car tires squealing PITT? BHQURYSHENCE Tan S soos sorWorksheet 10.40 Sound and sonar 1 Name? .j.sssssesnsenninintannsees Date: . Questions 1 In an experiment to measure the speed of sound, four teams stood 50 mn from a wall and used blocks to create a sound and echo. The student banged the block and listened for the echo. After practicing, they could hit the blocks together so that the echoes and the bangs were at exactly the same time. ‘The times for 10 bang/echo combinations were: Team A:4.2seconds ‘TeamB:4.7 seconds Team: 2.3seconds ‘Team D: 2.9 seconds 4) How far had the sourid traveled in the 10 time intervals? 1b) Whatis the average time taken? ©) Calculate the speed of sound in air. 4) Suggest why the times of teams A and B were different from those of teams C and D. servo rumen Tan 8 S sows sm2. Rahul is investigating how dolphins navigate using echolocation. He times a series of 50 clicks and the echoes produced by an underwater rock 100 meters away. He carries out the experiment three times, The times are 6.35 seconds, 6.90 seconds, 7.08 seconds. 4) What is the total distance traveled? b) What is the average time for 50 clicks? ©) Calculate the speed of sound in water. 3. A ship is using sonar to map the sea bed. The first pulse of sound takes 0.8 seconds from leaving the ship to detecting the echo, A littl later the echo takes 1.3 seconds. What is thi depth of the sea bed at these ‘two points? The depth will be half of the speed of sound times the timé taken for the echo to return. (Speed of sound in water = 1500 m/s) to S sows asmWorksheet 10.40 Sound and sonar 1 1a) 1000 m +b) 3.325 seconds Ww (©) 301 mis ,& 4) Any sensible response, ¢.9 differing response times, cross winds, te 2 a) 50x 2 100= 10000 m 1b) 6.78 seconds 1475 mis 3 600m, 975 m sre rg SrENE Tan 8 S soos soreWorksheet 10.4 Sound and sonar 2 Name? .j.sssssesnsenninintannsees Date: .. 1 In an experiment to measure the speed of sound, four teams stood 50m from a wall and used bork o create a sound and echo. The student banged the block and listened for the echo. After practicing, they could hit the blocks together so that the echoes and the bangs were at exactly the same time.” ‘The times for 10 bang/echo combinations were: Team A: 3.2seconds Team B: 3.4 seconds Team (a) How far had the sound traveled in the 10 tine intervals? 3.2 seconds Team D: 3.5 seconds distance a (8) Whats the average time taken? average=82+34+32+35)44aL 2 4=_____seconds (0 Calculate the speed of sound distance d= spe ‘time Give your answer to the nearest whole number. — PITT BHQURYSHENCE Tan So S soos sor2 Fatima is measuring the speed of sound in water, The distance from her echo sounder to a rock wall is 296 meters. It takes 0.4 seconds for the sound to reach the rock and return as an echo. Work out the speed of sound in water. gu Alistance _ 2296 time 04 ms 3. The speed of sound in water = 1500 m/s. A ship is using sonar to map the sea bed. 4) The depth will be half of the speed of sound times the time taken for the echo to return. If it takes the sound 2 seconds to reach the sea bed and retum as an echo, how deep is the sea bed? b) A little later the echo takes 1.2 seconds. What is the depth of the sea bed here? oo S sows smWorksheet 10.4 Sound and sonar 2 © Answers : S 1 @) 1000 m : 'b) 3.325 seconds / 19 301 mis S&S distance _ 2x 296 . 2 Speed = 1480 mis > o 7 Speed cme Od j : 2 3 a) 1500m : © 0) 900m Ney : e PINT? BHQURYSHENCE Tan S soos sor