SP3450 Social Psychology Quizzes and Exams

FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS

1. Drew watches others as they use the do it

yourself checkout station at the grocery store. He learns how to
use the station by watching others and begins to use these
checkout stations habitually. Which theory explains Drews
behavior?

a. Social learning

b. Gestalt psychology

c. Association

d. Praise

2. The fact that we tend to spontaneously group or

categorize the things we perceive is a basic principle of
_______________.
a. the sociocultural perspective

b. learning theories
c. interdependence theories

d. cognitive theories

3. Which theory is a good example of a middle-range

theory?

a. Psychoanalytic

b. Behaviorism
c. Interdependence

d. Frustration-aggression

4. In a classroom, the professor usually lectures from

 the front of the class and gives information while the students take
notes and ask questions. These behaviors are part of their
_______________.

a. social roles
b. individualism

c. social theory

d. collectivism

5. Dr. Lewis wants to create research that asks if learning about the scientific
method makes students more critical about what they read. What is the goal of this
research?
a. Application

b. Theory building

c. Description

d. Causal analysis

6. A random sample means that _______________.

e. a.each person in a population has an equal chance

of being included in the study

f. people are assigned to conditions by systematic

chance

g. participants have responded to an advertisement or

request for participation

h. each person is selected based on convenience

7. A descriptive research question is the one that _______________.

i. begins with a prediction derived from theory

j. is designed to assess how people behave in a

particular social setting

k. asks how to change people's behavior

l. has never been asked before

8. Dr. Shea found that as age increases, understanding of math does as well.
This is

_______________ relationship.

m. a negative

n. an age

o. a positive

p. an experimental

9. Which psychologist suggested the idea that self-discrepancies produce

strong emotions?

a. Tory Higgins

b. Hazel Markus

c. Erving Goffman

d. Leon Festinger

10. Ron likes to try to analyze himself and is very attentive to his inner feelings.
Ron is high in

_______________.

e. self-monitoring

f. public self-consciousness

g. private self-consciousness

h. self-efficacy

11. A desire for self-enhancement can lead people to make _______________ with
others who are less fortunate than them.
i. upward social comparisons

j. downward social comparisons

k. accurate appraisals
 l. self-handicapping

12. A student who stays up all night before a big exam so that he can blame a
low grade on fatigue rather than on his lack of knowledge or ability is engaging in
_______________.
m. negative illusions

n. self-handicapping

o. self-regulation

p. self-evaluation maintenance

13. Social cognition is the study of how people _______________.

a. feel about relationships

b. think about society

c. form inferences from social information

d. engage in introspection

14. Computers typically outperform human judges when making decisions

because computers are better at _______________.
e. gathering information

f. evaluating information

g. communicating information

h. integrating information

15. In recent years, social psychologists have discovered that many social
cognition processes occur _______________.
i. less frequently than was once believed

j. with a high degree of accuracy

k. unpredictably and without any discernible pattern

l. automatically and without awareness

16. Research on the planning fallacy demonstrates that one important
determinant of when we accomplish a task is _______________.
m. self-esteem

n. when the deadline is

o. if we consider ourselves experts on the task

p. intelligence

17. When people are engaged in counter-attitudinal behavior, they are

likely to resolve the resulting cognitive dissonance by _______________.
a. changing their behavior

b. minimizing the importance of the attitude

c. derogating the source

d. changing their attitude

18. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the communicator that

influences persuasion?

e. Expertise

f. Trustworthiness

g. Reference groups

h. Response involvement

19. What theory can most researchers now adopt to understand the effect of
fear on persuasion?

i. The consistency theory

j. The cognitive dissonance theory

k. The learning theory

l. The expectancy-value theory

20. Which of these is not a factor in the revised theory of planned behavior?

m. Subjective social norms

n. Attitude/behavior discrepancy

o. Perceived control over outcomes

p. Behavioral intention

21. The belief that Italians are passionate is an example of _______________;

the refusal to hire Hispanics is an example of _______________.

q. a stereotype; discrimination

r. a stereotype; prejudice

s. racism; misogyny

t. prejudice; prejudice

22. Stereotypes about members of an out-group can sometimes produce

stereotype-confirming behavior on the part of the out-group members. This is
known as _______________.
a. ethnocentrism

b. a self-fulfilling prophecy

c. the assumed similarity effect

d. the typicality effect

23. The anxiety that comes from awareness that ones behavior may
confirm other peoples stereotypes is referred to as _______________.

e. ethnocentrism

f. relative deprivation

g. stereotype threat

h. group-based fear
24. Sheri believes that her sorority is superior to all of the others and is the most
prominent sorority on campus. A social psychologist would say that Sheri is exhibiting
_______________.

i. ethnocentrism

j. discrimination

k. rationalization

l. prejudice

25. The idea that prejudice is learned through social norms and through the
media is consistent with _______________.
m. psychodynamic theories

n. realistic group conflict theory

o. categorization theories

p. social learning theory

26. Pat has an exaggerated need to submit to authority and feels that members
of minority groups and social deviants should be punished. How would he be
characterized?
a. High in aversive racism

b. High in old-fashioned racism

c. An authoritarian personality

d. A victim of relative deprivation

27. A child throws down his pencil and yells, "I can't do it!" His mother steps in
to help him finish writing his name. According to Raven, the child has
_______________.

e. no power

f. negative referent power

g. the power of helplessness

 h. the power of reciprocity

28. Which theory has been used to explain the effectiveness of the foot-in-the-
door technique?

i. Cognitive dissonance

j. Social identity

k. Reactance

l. Self-perception

29. You are about to go into the boss's office to negotiate your yearly raise
when your coworker advises you to "ask for the moon and then settle for the stars."
Your coworker is describing the
_______________.

m. low-ball technique

n. door-in-the-face technique

o. foot-in-the-door technique

p. that's-not-all technique

30. A television "infomercial" offers customers a new exercise bicycle for $198.
Then viewers are informed that if they buy now, they will also receive a free video
and stopwatch. This situation demonstrates the _______________.

a. pique technique

b. that's-not-all technique

c. door-in-the-face technique

d. low-ball technique

31. The reactance theory describes the tendency of some people to

respond to influence techniques by _______________.

e. doing the opposite of what the influencer

 desires

f. doing more than the influencer requested

g. ignoring the influencer's requests

h. making their own request

32. The Milgram experiments were designed to understand the issues involved
in

_______________.

i. conformity

j. referent power

k. informational influence

l. obedience to authority

33. Daniels parents have passed away, and he has no intimate

friendships or romantic relationships. Daniel is likely to experience
_______________.
a. aloneness

m. social loneliness

n. emotional loneliness

D. social inhibition

34. Attachment serves two major functions for children. One is to provide them
with information about the environment. The other is to provide _______________.
a. companionship

b. security

c. a social identity

d. faith

35. A person who finds it relatively easy to get close to others and rarely
worries about being abandoned is described as having _______________
attachment style.

e. an avoidant

f. a companionate

g. an anxious/ambivalent

h. a secure

36. Which adult attachment style is associated with jealousy and fear of
intimacy, as well as engaging in relatively brief sexual encounters?
i. Avoidant

j. Anxious/Ambivalent

k. Arrogant

l. Secure

37. A child whose parent is generally unresponsive or rejecting is likely to

develop

_______________ attachment.

m. a dependent

n. an avoidant

o. an anxious/ambivalent

p. a secure

38. According to _______________ theory, we like people when we perceive our

interactions with them to be profitable.
a. social learning

b. reinforcement

c. social exchange

d. social economic

39. By age _______________, children are aware of their own gender and can tell
us whether they are a boy or a girl.

e. two or three

f. four or five

g. six or seven

h. eight or nine

40. Gender identity refers to _______________.

i. beliefs about what men and women are typically

like

j. beliefs about what men and women should do

k. the knowledge that we are male or female

l. the link between gender and self-esteem

41. Early tests to measure psychological masculinity and femininity used the
_______________

format.

m. semantic differential

n. Likert

o. forced-choice

p. open-ended

42. What was the Bem Sex-Role Inventory designed to assess?

a. Gender identity

b. Gender stereotypes

c. Gender roles

d. Androgyny

43. According to the interdependence theory, satisfaction in a relationship

depends on

_______________.

e. commitment and costs

f. comparison level and comparison level for

alternatives

g. outcomes and comparison level

h. rewards and commitment

44. According to the _______________ perspective, different experiences for

boys and girls lead to relatively enduring sex differences in attitudes, interests,
skills, and personality.
i. cognitive

j. cognitive dissonance

k. androgyny

l. socialization

45. An act performed voluntarily to help someone else when there is no

expectation of receiving a reward is known as _______________.
m. nurturance

n. altruism

o. prosocial behavior

p. modeling

46. Evolutionary psychologists have observed that prosocial behavior is

_______________.

a. rare among non-human animals

b. common among primates, but not in other animal

species

c. observed among animals only when a mother is

protecting her young children

d. common among nonhuman animals

47. Which of these theories suggests that people consider the potential gains
and losses resulting from helping another person?
e. Learning

f. Decision-making

g. Cognitive dissonance

h. Sociobiology

48. Research has consistently shown that people are more likely to help others
when they are

_______________.

i. sad

j. in a good mood

k. in a crowd

l. intelligent

49. Caroline was feeling guilty about having said she would not help a
friend move into her new apartment. When she came across an old woman
who needed help crossing the street, Caroline quickly offered her assistance.
Her behavior could be explained by _______________.

m. the mood-maintenance hypothesis

n. reactance theory

o. the negative-state relief model

p. sociobiology

50. _______________ refers to feelings of sympathy and caring for others, in

particular to sharing vicariously in the suffering of others.
a. Empathy

b. Personal distress
c. Ambivalence

d. Ennui