G8 Science: Matter

Modules 2 & 3
Dennis L. Danipog Jacqueline Rose M. Gutierrez

University of the Philippines

National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development
Session Objectives

describe the relationship among

concepts in Module 2 and their
connection with the other grade
levels and modules
articulate the key questions and
science ideas and their relation with
the activities
perform Activity 3 of Module 2
gain feedback from the participants
 Grade
Grade 7
7 scope
scope
Matter
Matter
Compounds may either Grade
Grade 8
8 Module
Module 1
1
Compounds
be
may
are
Periodic
Periodic
Periodic
Periodic either Grade
Grade 8
8 Module
Module 2
2
made Mixtures
Table
Table
Table be Substances
Substances Mixtures
Table up of
Grade
Grade 8
8 Module
Module 3
3
arran Elements
Elements which can be
ged in
distinguished by their
the Macroscopic
of Macroscopic
Properties
Properties
describe the relationship
Isotopes
Isotopes
explained by
their

identi
among concepts in Module
identi
fies
Mass
Mass
Sub-microscopic
Sub-microscopic composition
composition
having
Molecule
fies
2 and their connection with
Number
Number the basic
unit,
Atom
Atom
Molecule

Atom may combine to

Atomic
Atomic
Number
Number
the other grade levels and
equa
ls is almost empty space but
form
is composed of
may
lose
indicat
e the
modules three

Protons
Protons
basic parts,
bind together

plus Neutrons
Neutrons
or
gain
Electrons
Electrons have (-)
(-) charges
charges
have have
no forming
(+)
(+) charges
charges no charge
charge
Ion
Ion
having equal
number with

in the massive orbit around

Nucleus
Nucleus
part of the atom, the
called
 Grade 8 Module 2
Atoms: Inside Out
SUB-ATOMIC
SUB-
SUB-
MACROSCOPIC
MICROSCOPIC

ATOMIC
Agimat

http://curriculum.nismed.upd.edu.ph/2013/04/concept-map-k-to-12-grade-8-
Grade 8 Module 2
1 Grade 8 Module 2
Atoms: Inside Out
Charge it to experience
Atoms: Inside Out

2 What makes up an atom?

articulate the key
How Big
The Difference
do these components differ
questions and
from each other?
How are these components
3 science ideas and
arranged inside the atom?
their relation with
Howbut
Small Terrible
are atoms different from ions?
the activities
4 Whats in a number?
1 Charge it to experience

Science Ideas
Atom is regarded as the smallest, basic
unit of matter. Even if it is the basic unit
of matter, it is still composed of parts.
The parts are the electrons (-), protons
(+), and neutrons (0).
An atom has equal number of protons
and electrons. This makes the atom
neutral.
 18000

2
Please change to

The Big Difference

16720 16750
2 The Big
16000
Difference
14000
Science Idea
Protons and neutrons are
12000
relatively heavier than
electrons. They compose the
10000 nucleus and collectively called
as nucleons. The mass of an
mass (x10-28 grams)
atom is mainly determined by
8000
the mass of the nucleus.

6000

4000
Process Skill
Construction and
2000
Interpretation of Graphs

9.11
0
proton neutron electron
3 Small but Terrible

Part A Models are products of inferences.

Plum Pudding
(Raisin Bread)
Model of the Atom

perform Activity 3 of Module 2

Nuclear
Model of the Atom
 3 Small but Terrible

Part B Expected Actual

Alpha particles will pass Few alpha particles
Alpha particle
through scattering
(no deflections) deflected almost back
experiment towards the source

Alpha particles
Heavy
Positive (+)
High speed

Plum Pudding Nuclear Model

Models may change over time.

 mass of target
Setup target bullet versus Observations
mass of bullet

A coin coin

cardboard
B coin
coin

cardboard
C coin
coin
3 Small but Terrible

Part C Nuclear Model is currently accepted. It describes

that the atom contains a very small nucleus (10K
100K times smaller than the entire atom)
composing the protons and neutrons. The atom is
mostly empty space. It is inferred that this empty
space is where the electrons orbit around the
nucleus.

Observation
Most alpha particles passed
through

Inference
The atom is mostly empty
space.
The size of the nucleus is
very, very small relative to
the size of the atom.
 3 Small but Terrible

Science Idea
Several models have tried to
show how the subatomic
particles are arranged in an
atom. Thus far, the accepted
model places the protons and
neutrons in the center of the
atom; or the so-called,
nucleus. Moving rapidly
around the nucleus are the
electrons.
4 Whats in a number?

Science Ideas
Atomic number = number of protons
- same for all atoms of a particular element
Mass number = # of protons + # of neutrons
- different for atoms of the isotopes of an element
Shorthand notations provide sub-atomic information

C-12
C-13
Electrons are either lost or gained when ions are
formed
4 Whats in a number?

Isotope Element Name # of p+ # of e- # of n0 Charge

B-6 Boron 5 1 0
5
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0

F-19 Fluorine 9 10 10 -1

Ne-20 Neon 10 10 10 0
Mg-24 Magnesium 12 10 12 +2
Al-27
Aluminum 13 10 14 +3

Si-28 Silicon 14 14
14 0
S-32 Sulfur 16 16 16 0

K-35 Potassium 19 18 16 +1
Grade 8 Atoms: Inside Out
Module 2
Science Idea
1 Charge
Charge it
it to
to subatomic particles: e--, p++, n00
experience
experience
neutral atom: # of p++ = # of e-- What makes up an
atom?
2 The Big mp+ & mn0 >>> me- How do these
p+ n0 e-
components differ from
Difference nucleus each other?
How are these
3 but
Small
Small
at
at the
the center
nucleus
center of
nucleus which
of the
which is
the atom
atom is
is composed
is the
composed of
the
of
components arranged
Terrible protons
protons and
and neutrons;
neutrons; the
the inside the atom?
nucleus
nucleus isis massive
massive and
and very
very
small
small relative to the entire atom
relative to the entire atom How are atoms different
most
from ions?
most of
of the
the atoms
atoms volume
volume is
is
just empty space
just empty space
moving
moving rapidly
rapidly around
around the
the
nucleus
nucleus are
are the
the electrons
electrons

4 Whats in a Ions
Ions have
have unequal
unequal number
number of
of electrons
electrons
number? and
and protons, as electrons may either
protons, as electrons may either
be
be lost
lost or
or gained
gained
Grade 8 Module 3 Grade 8 Module 3
Periodic Table Periodic Table
1 Tracking the path and
constructing the periodic table
How did the Periodic Table
develop?

What information about

2 MetalMetal:
elements can be obtained
from
Howthis organizing
reactive tool?
are you?
1 Tracking the path and constructing the periodic table
2 MetalMetal:
How reactive are you?

Element Symbol Group No.

Potassium K 1 Most reactive
Sodium Na 1
Lithium Li 1
Calcium Ca 2
Magnesium Mg 2
Aluminum Al 3
Zinc Zn Transition metal Decreasing
Iron Fe Transition metal chemical
Tin Sn 4 reactivity
Lead Pb 4
[Hydrogen] H Non-metal
Copper Cu Transition metal
Silver Ag Transition metal
Gold Au Transition metal
Platinum Pt Transition metal Least reactive
Grade 8 Periodic Table
Module 3
Science Idea
The
The periodic
periodic table
table is
is a
a chart
chart containing
containing information
information about
about the
the atoms
atoms
1 Tracking
Tracking
that make up all matter.
that make up all matter.
Early
Early scientists
scientists developed
developed the
the periodic
periodic table
table by
by arranging
arranging elements
elements in
in
the
the path
path and
and order of increasing atomic mass.
order of increasing atomic mass. How
How did
did the
the
constructing
constructing Periodic
The
The modern
modern periodic
periodic table
table shows
shows elements
elements arranged
arranged in
in order
order of
of Periodic Table
Table
the
the periodic
periodic increasing atomic numbers. develop?
develop?
increasing atomic numbers.
table
table
The
The properties
properties of
of undiscovered
undiscovered elements
elements can
can be
be predicted
predicted based
based on
on
their
their position
position in
in Mendeleevs
Mendeleevs table.
table.
The
The modern
modern periodic
periodic law
law states
states that
that the
the properties
properties of
of elements
elements are
are a
a
periodic function of their atomic numbers.
periodic function of their atomic numbers. What
What information
information
The about
about elements
elements
The modern
modern periodic
periodic table
table is
is divided
divided into
into groups
groups or
or families-
families- vertical
vertical
columns and periods or series horizontal rows.
columns and periods or series horizontal rows. can
can be obtained
be obtained
from
from this
this
There
There are
are two
two sets
sets of
of families:
families: the
the representative
representative elements
elements and
and the
the organizing
organizing tool?
tool?
transition
transition elements.
elements.

2
Metal
Metal A
A periodic
periodic property
property repeats
repeats itself
itself at
at regular
regular intervals
intervals when
when elements
elements
Metal:
Metal: How
How are arranged according to a common criterion.
are arranged according to a common criterion.
reactive
reactive are
are
you?
you? Elements
Elements may
may bebe classified
classified into
into groups.
groups. Members
Members of
of the
the same
same group
group
exhibit similar properties.
exhibit similar properties.
The
The uses
uses of
of the
the different
different elements
elements are
are based
based on
on their
their properties.
properties.
 Thank you
deindanipog@gmail.com jacq.gutierrez@gmail.com