Ever since its introduction chaos has sparked a wave of scientific interest and.

A
topic of particular interest is synchronization of chaotic oscillators. Many examples
of synchronized chaotic oscillator can be seen in nature, for example the chirping of
crickets, synchronous flashing of fireflies and neurons (cells in the brain) firing
action potentials. To further understand and study this phenomenon scientists
employ the use of circuits to model the behaviour of the differential equations. The
idea behind this is that voltage changes when it crosses a certain circuit element.
Therefore by combining certain circuit components it is then possible to model the
voltage drop through the circuit using Kirchhoffs to form a set of differential
equations which acts in the same way as the desired system. Following this
technique we can model the Rossler system using the Rossler electronic circuit to
study its dynamic behaviour and property in regards to synchronization. The Rossler
electronic circuit is described as follows

dx
= ( x + y + z )
dt

dy
= (x +y+ 0.02 z )
dt

dz
= (g( x )+ z ) The piecewise linear function g(x) is defined by: g(x)=(x-3)
dt

when x>3 and 0 else.

Where , the time factor, is 104 s-1, is 0.05, is 0.5, is 15 and =R/R0, whose
value can be changed by the variable resistor. If = 0.133, the system results in
chaotic behaviour.

Synchronization is taking two or more identical chaotic system and coupling them
so that the chaotic behaviour of all of them is the same. General form of a coupled
system is

Xn+1=f(Xn)

Yn+1=g(Xn, Yn)

There are two main forms of coupling. In this paper, the unidirectional, also known
as the Master-Slave scheme, will be examined. The master is the guide or reference
system and the slave is driven system which is dependent on the master. In
bidirectional coupling the two systems interact and are coupled with each other
creating a mutual synchronization.

The Coupled unidirectional Rossler system is described as follows;

Master
 dx 1
= ( x 1+ y 1+ z 1 )
dt

dy 1
= (x 1+ y1+0.02 z 1 )
dt

dz 1
= (g(x 1)+ z 1 ) The piecewise linear function g(x1) is defined by:
dt

g(x1)=(x1-3) when x>3 and 0 else.

Slave

dx 2
= ( x 2+ y 2+ z 2 ) +g (X -X )
dt c 2 1

dy 2
= (x 2+ y 2+ 0.02 z 2 )
dt

dz 2
= (g(x 2)+ z 2 ) The piecewise linear function g(x2) is defined by:
dt

g(x2)=(x2-3) when x>3 and 0 else.

Where gc=1/Rc.C is the coupling strength Rc=R1 is the variable resistor., C is the
capacitance in the X signal.

The asymptotic synchronization is defined mathematically by

lim |( x 1 ( t )x 2 ( t ) )|=0
t

The dynamic error system is then defined as:

ex=X1-X2

ey=y1-y2

ez=Z1-Z2

And the time derivative of this error signal is

ex=X1-X2

ey=y1-y2
ez=Z1-Z2

Substituting the master and slave equation into the time derivative of error and
simplifying we obtain:

ex= (-+gc)ex-ey-ez

ey=ex+ey-0.02ez

ez=-ez+eg where eg=g(x1)-g(x2)

This gives us following candidate function to Lyapunov function

V=1/2(ex2+ey2+ez2)

Taking the derivative of V,

V= ex ex+ ey ey+ ez ez

=[(-+gc)ex-ey-ez] ex+[ ex+ey-0.02ez]ey+[-ez+eg]ez

ex
g c ey
V= [ex ey ez][ 0.02 ]
0

If V=-eTAe<0, V is a negative definite function. It means that the dynamic error

system is asymptotically stable. Therefore, each one of dynamic errors, e x, ey and
ez , tends to zero as t approaches infinite. If dynamic errors tend to zero, then the
states from slave system tend to those from master system, which means that they
synchronize.

The following figures give a graphical representation of synchronization of the

Rossler circuit system. Therefore the coupled Rossler electronic circuit will
synchronize only when Rc (in gc=1/Rc.C) is equal to or less than 10m.