Black Holes: Some Further Thoughts

The cessation of the fusion process in a black hole's precursor massive star caused its radiation to cease and thus
caused its collapse. The precursor massive star, in its formation as a main sequence star, cleared its accretion
zone of all matter. All matter within the precursor star's gravitational zone became potentially within the black
hole's accretion zone, and this zone increases if the black hole accretes matter. A black hole must have a solid
core which is its precursor star. All interstellar dust and gas that, for various reasons, come within its accretion
zone, orbit the black hole progressively more rapidly and then fall into it. Their velocity in doing so causes them
to be heated to very high temperatures, such that they radiate photons, and could still be radiating after falling
into the black hole. While this photonic radiation would escape the black hole's gravitation, having no mass, it
would be indistinguishable from the photonic radiation of the incoming gas and dust.

The interstellar dust and gas accreted must form an atmosphere at the exterior of the core, as they could not
have become part of the core. Thus that atmosphere must be very dense because of the gravity of the core. As
an accreting black hole is being impacted continually, but non-uniformly, by a stream of high-velocity, high-
temperature incoming gas and dust, its atmosphere's temperature (and therefore the core's) would not only be
very high, causing radiation, but they would vibrate. Thus, the black hole's core and atmosphere vibrate in a
non-uniform manner, and radiate in many wavelengths. Even a non-accreting black hole would do so, as there is
nothing to stop the vibration and radiation once it had started in an accreting black hole.

This radiation is energy leaking into Space from the black hole, causing it to lose mass (via the energy/mass
equivalency). It is posited that this energy is of a different type than Dark Energy. In cosmological time, all
black holes must therefore evaporate; and their atmospheres, no longer bound by the gravity of a core, dissipate
into Space. As Space contains many large stars, super novae-causing black holes are much more prevalent than
the number of black holes that are evaporating, causing the number of black holes to increase constantly.

Current theory ascribes the enormous gravity of the black hole as being such that even light cannot escape. That
reasoning appears flawed, for two reasons: firstly, a black hole has no fusionable matter that would cause it to
radiate photons as, if it were not so, the precursor star would not have collapsed; secondly, as photons have no
mass they are not affected by gravity.

A black hole's status will not change if it accretes only dust and gas. But a gravitational incident may perturb a
star's orbit around a black hole, causing the star to be accreted. Obviously, the star would be destroyed in that
process, but its fusionable matter would be added to the black hole's core such that the black hole may be reborn
as a star having a high mass but a volume less than the accreted star. As only a portion of the mass of this new
star is fusionable (that of the accreted star), its brightness would be less than normal for such a high-mass star.

Circumstellar discs of gas and dust around mature stars are known; they are assumed to indicate that
planetesimal formation has taken place. But this interpretation may have to be modified. A black hole reborn
into a star would have a circumferential cloud orbiting at an anomalously small distance from it, well within its
accretion zone if the star were a main sequence star. It appears logical that this cloud must be the former black
hole's gas and dust atmosphere, expelled by the radiation pressure of the reborn star. It appears impossible that
the cloud could have been that from which the star formed, and which would have survived the entire main
sequence lifetime. Kappa Coronae Borealis may be such a reborn star; also see Some anomalies in the
occurrence of debris discs around main sequence stars, J.S. Greaves and M.C. Wyatt, Dusty Blue
Supergiants, W. J. de Wit, R. D. Oudmaijer, and J. S. Vink.

Harold J. Goldbaum,
24 Vista Gardens Trail/201, Vero Beach, FL 32962
1-772-564-8335, harold.goldbaum@comcast.net
copyright 2015