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1234 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 57, No. 5, May 2015 DOI 10.1002/mop
Figure 4 Simulated and measured S-parameters of proposed LWA.
[Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at
wileyonlinelibrary.com]
2np
bn 5b0 1 ; (1)
d
constant (er) of 2.2 and thickness (h) of 0.508 mm. Instead of b n < k0 ; (2)
Figure 3 Photograph of fabricated LWA prototype with magnified Figure 5 (a) Simulated and (b) measured normalized radiation patterns
unit cell. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is avail- at different frequencies. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue,
able at wileyonlinelibrary.com] which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
DOI 10.1002/mop MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 57, No. 5, May 2015 1235
15.4 GHz. Figure 5 shows the simulated and measured normal-
ized radiation patterns at 12.6, 13.4, 14.4, and 15.2 GHz. As can
be seen, the scanning angle varies from 0 to 28 when the fre-
quency varies from 12.5 to 15.4 GHz. The relationship between
the scanning angle and frequency is in good accordance with
the expected results, as shown in Figure 6. The peak gain and
radiation efficiency from 12.5 to 15.4 GHz are shown in Figure
7. The peak gain varies from 8.54 to 13.17 dBi in this frequency
range. The maximum and minimum radiation efficiencies are 55
and 66% at 12.6 and 13 GHz, respectively. The relatively low
gain and efficiency below 13.2 GHz are due to high-return
losses.
4. CONCLUSION
In this study, an LWA is designed using a QMSIW. Because of
Figure 6 Relationship between simulated and measured scanning the QMSIW cavity, the unit cell size is reduced to one fourth of
angles and frequency. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, full SIW cavity. The QMSIW unit cell is designed for space har-
which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com] monic radiation using a dispersion diagram. Therefore, the pro-
posed LWA radiates from 12.5 to 15.4 GHz. Moreover, the
In this study, the unit cell is designed such that Eq. (2) is maximum scanning angle can be continuously steered from 0 and
satisfied. The propagation constant of the TE10 mode of the 28 . The peak gain varies from 8.54 to 13.17 dBi in this range.
QMSIW is shown in Figure 2. From the relationship between b
and frequency, the scanning angle (h) can be expressed as
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
21 bn This research was supported by the Basic Science Research
h5sin ; (3)
k0 Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea
(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and
Technology (2012R1A1A2040160).
3. SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS
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1236 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 57, No. 5, May 2015 DOI 10.1002/mop