Sophia Zhou

Vangene, p 5

CH 12: The South Expands: Slavery and Society, 1800-1860

Concept Questions

1 A factor that drove the expansion of the domestic slave trade was the acquisition of new states and
native lands. The subsequent need to cultivate these areas called for the importation of domestic
slaves from the Chesapeake region. Another factor was the fact that this inland system worked.
The domestic slave trade helped to populate the Deep South with a viable work force, and it also
helped to sustain the wealth of the Upper South.
2 The slave trade tore families apart. Young adults were ripped from their parents, siblings, and other
relatives as well as friends. However, it also served to strengthen familial bonds. Despite this,
marriages remained strong.
3 Between 1800 and 1860, a change that occurred in the Souths plantation crops was the shift
towards cotton. As for labor systems, the cotton gin and other technology were created during
this time to expand on crop profits. A change in defense of slavery was harsher treatment of
slaves in order to discourage them from uprising. Elite Planters saw little change, as they lived
extravagant lifestyles and married their children to similar families.
4 By 1860, the different groups that made up the Souths society were planters of all tiers, yeomen,
property less whites, and slaves. Elite and middling planters utilized their slaves as a labor force,
while some yeomen worked alongside their slaves. Smallholding planters sometimes found
themselves at the bottom with the rest of the property less whites in the case of a failed
plantation. Women at the time began to embrace spiritual equality.
5 The issue that divided the Mexican and US government was their disagreement over the control
that government should have in Texas. The proposal sought to resolve this was to create a
Mexican Republic. As for Americans in Texas, there was an issue over annexation. In order to try
to soothe tensions between the US and the Mexican government, President Van Buren refused
to bring up the annexation to Congress.
6 The power of slave owners affected tax policy and the character of economic development in the
South by creating biased policies made in favor of white slave owners. Economically, wealth was
distributed unevenly between the tiers of the plantation owners. Most was concentrated in the
top 10%. Because of the focus on slavery as a labor force, the south paled in comparison to the
north in terms of technological development.
7 The Second Great Awakening affected the development of black religion by integrating traditional
African American culture with Western culture. Respectful of not dancing profanely, blacks still
infused their worship with dancing. Black Evangelical Protestantism ignored original sin and
predestination, instead it brought a sense of community and self identity to slaves. The religion
preached that blacks and whites alike were worthy of being children of God.
8 African cultural practices affected the lives of enslaved African Americans by reminding them of
their roots. It reminded them that they had a place that they belonged, a community that they
 belonged in, and an identity that was exclusive to them that could not be tampered with by
whites. It even inspired some to engage in passive resistance, which was a real hindrance to
slave owners. However, because of this, a move towards demanding sex from female slaves
appeared to keep slaves in check.
9 Slaves in the North had freedom on paper, but werent treated equally. The whites of the North
shared the same bigoted views as those in the South. They believed in white supremacy and
looked down on free blacks. However, what was a success were the institutions that were
created by free blacks.
10 Free blacks stood as a symbol of hope for the enslaved. However, in the North and South they were
still treated as second class citizens. In the North, free blacks were able to create institutions that
garnered respect. In the South, the loyalties of the free blacks were divided between enjoying
freedom and helping their brothers and sisters.