Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
The accompanying data set consists of observations on shower-flow rate (L/min) for a sample of n = 129 houses:
4.6 12.5 7.1 7.0 4.0 9.2 6.7 6.9 11.5 5.1
11.2 10.5 14.3 8.0 8.8 6.4 5.1 5.6 9.6 7.5
7.5 6.2 5.8 2.4 3.4 10.4 9.8 6.6 3.7 6.4
8.3 6.5 7.6 9.3 9.2 7.3 5.0 6.3 13.7 6.2
5.4 4.8 7.5 6.0 6.9 10.8 7.5 6.6 5.0 3.3
7.6 3.9 11.9 2.1 15.0 7.2 6.1 15.3 18.4 7.2
5.4 5.5 4.3 9.0 12.7 11.3 7.4 5.0 3.5 8.2
8.4 7.3 10.3 11.9 6.0 5.6 9.5 9.3 10.4 9.7
5.1 6.7 10.2 6.2 8.4 7.0 4.8 5.6 10.5 14.9
10.8 15.5 7.5 6.4 3.4 5.5 6.6 5.9 15.0 9.6
7.8 7.0 6.9 4.1 3.6 11.9 3.7 5.7 6.8 11.3
9.3 9.6 10.4 9.3 6.9 9.8 9.1 10.6 4.5 6.2
(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf display of the data. (Enter numbers from smallest to largest separated by spaces. Enter NONE for
stems with no values.)
Stems Leaves
2 14
3 2344567789
4 01356889
5 0000111 4455666789
6 0000122223344456667789999
7 00012233455555668
8 02233448
9 012233335666788
10 2344455688
11 2335999
12 57
13 7
14 39
15 0035
16
17
18 4
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spread out
(d) Does the distribution of values appear to be reasonably symmetric? If not, how would you describe the departure from
symmetry?
(e) Would you describe any observation as being far from the rest of the data (an outlier)?
An article gave data on various characteristics of subdivisions that could be used in deciding whether to provide electrical power using
overhead lines or underground lines. Here are the values of the variable x = total length of streets within a subdivision:
(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf display using the thousands digit as the stem and the hundreds digit as the leaf. (Enter numbers
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from smallest to largest separated by spaces. Enter NONE for stems with no values.)
Stems Leaves
0 123334555599
1 00122234689
2 1112344477
3 0113338
4 39
5 23779
Comment on the various features of the display. (Select all that apply.)
(b) Construct a histogram using class boundaries 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000.
What proportion of subdivisions have total length less than 2000? Between 2000 and 4000? (Round your answers to three decimal
places.)
less than 2000 0.4894
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How would you describe the shape of the histogram? (Select all that apply.)
Automated electron backscattered diffraction is now being used in the study of fracture phenomena. The following information is on
misorientation angle (degrees).
Rel freq: 0.172 0.168 0.174 0.134 0.193 0.080 0.053 0.026
(a) Is it true that more than 50% of the sampled angles are smaller than 15, as asserted by researchers?
Yes, the proportion of sampled angles smaller than 15 is greater than 0.50.
Yes, the proportion of sampled angles smaller than 15 is not greater than 0.50.
No, the proportion of sampled angles smaller than 15 is greater than 0.50.
No, the proportion of sampled angles smaller than 15 is not greater than 0.50.
(b) What proportion of the sampled angles are at least 30? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
.159
(c) Roughly what proportion of angles are between 10 and 25? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
.405
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Without more precise information, we cannot tell if the data contain outliers.
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How does the speed of a runner vary over the course of a marathon (a distance of 42.195 km)? Consider determining both the time to run
the first 5 km and the time to run between the 35-km and 40-km points, and then subtracting the former time from the latter time. A
positive value of this difference corresponds to a runner slowing down toward the end of the race. The accompanying histogram is based
on times of runners who participated in several different Japanese marathons.
What are some interesting features of this histogram? (Select all that apply.)
normally distributed
positively skewed
negatively skewed
small spread
Roughly what proportion of the runners ran the late distance more quickly than the early distance? (Round your answer to two decimal
places.)
.75
Exposure to microbial products, especially endotoxin, may have an impact on vulnerability to allergic diseases. The following are data on
concentration (EU/mg) in settled dust for one sample of urban homes and another of farm homes.
U: 6.0 5.0 11.0 33.0 4.0 5.0 80.0 18.0 35.0 17.0 23.0
F: 3.0 15.0 13.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 5.0 19.0 3.0 8.6 24.0 9.5 2.0 1.0 0.3
(a) Determine the sample mean for each sample. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)
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The average endotoxin concentration in farm homes is more than double the average concentration in urban homes.
The average endotoxin concentration in urban homes is more than double the average concentration in farm homes.
The average endotoxin concentration is about the same in both urban and farm homes.
The median endotoxin concentration in urban homes is roughly double the median concentration in farm homes.
The median endotoxin concentration is about the same in both urban and farm homes.
The median endotoxin concentration in farm homes is roughly double the median concentration in urban homes.
Why is the median for the urban sample so different from the mean for that sample?
The mean and median for urban homes are so different because there are fewer observations.
The mean and median for urban homes are so different because the measure different aspects of the distribution.
The mean and median for urban homes are so different because the few large values raise the mean but not the median.
(c) Calculate the trimmed mean for each sample by deleting the smallest and largest observation. (Round your answers to two
decimal places.)
urban homes 17 EU/mg
farm homes 7.78 EU/mg
What are the corresponding trimming percentages? (Round your answers to two decimal places.)
urban homes 9.09 %
farm homes 6.67 %
How do the values of these trimmed means compare to the corresponding means and medians?
Urban homes:
The trimmed mean is less than the mean of the entire sample. The trimmed mean is equal to the
median of the entire sample.
Farm homes:
The trimmed mean is less than the mean of the entire sample. The trimmed mean is less than the
median of the entire sample.
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A woman sued a computer keyboard manufacturer, charging that her repetitive stress injuries were caused by the keyboard. The injury
awarded about $3.5 million for pain and suffering, but the court then set aside that award as being unreasonable compensation. In
making this determination, the court identified a "normative" group of 27 similar cases and specified a reasonable award as one within
two standard deviations of the mean of the awards in the 27 cases. The 27 awards were (in $1000s) 38, 63, 74, 112, 137, 140, 148, 151,
238, 290, 340, 410, 600, 750, 750, 753, 1050, 1100, 1135, 1150, 1200, 1200, 1250, 1578, 1700, 1825, and 2000, from which
xi = 20,182, xi2 = 24,659,394. What is the maximum possible amount that could be awarded under the two-standard-deviation rule?
(Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)
1961.1 thousand dollars
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A company utilizes two different machines to manufacture parts of a certain type. During a single shift, a sample of n = 20 parts produced
by each machine is obtained, and the value of a particular critical dimension for each part is determined. The comparative boxplot below is
constructed from the resulting data.
Compare and contrast the two samples. (Select all that apply.)
Machine 1 and machine 2's sample values have about the same amount of variation.
Machine 1's sample values have considerably more variation than does machine 2's sample values.
Machine 2's sample values have considerably more variation than machine 1's sample values.
A typical value seems to be about the same for the two machines.
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Observations on burst strength (lb/in2) were obtained both for test nozzle closure welds and for production canister nozzle welds.
Comment on interesting features (the cited article did not include such a picture, but the authors commented that they had looked at
one). (Select all that apply.)
The test nozzle welds have much more variable burst strengths.
The production canister welds have much more variable burst strengths.
The production canister welds have consistently lower burst strengths than the test nozzle welds.
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