International Journal of Emerging Researches in Engineering Science and Technology-Vol-2-Issue-4-April-2015-ISSN: 2393-
9184
SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF R.C.C TALL BUILDING WITH SHEAR
WALL
M.RAJIVGANDHI*, S.AKILA**
*(Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Coimbatore-641 047)
**
(student, Department of civil engineering, RVS college of engineering & technology, Dindigul-624 005)
Email: thanu.dew@gmail.com, akilasep10@gmail.com
Abstract
In this project, study of G+19 storeyed building in Zone
III is presented with some investigation which is analyzed by
changing various different location of shear wall for determining
parameters like storey drift, storey shear and displacement is
done by using standard package STAAD Pro.
Shear Walls are specially designed structural walls
included in the buildings to resist horizontal forces that are
induced in the plane of the wall due to wind, earthquake and
other forces. They are mainly flexural members and usually
provided in high rise buildings to avoid the total collapse of the
high rise buildings under seismic forces.
The aim of the project is to analyze and design with
different positions of shear wall. By taking up all the above
mentioned work, the plan of then proposed building have been
done by using AutoCAD & STAAD Pro &ETABS analysis in this
project phase I&II
KEYWORDS
ETAB v 9.5.0, STAAD Pro, framed structure, Seismic analysis,
Shear wall, Tall Building
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
RCC tall buildings are adequate for resisting both the
vertical and horizontal load. When such building is designed
without shear wall, beam and column sizes are quite heavy
and there is problem arises at these joint and it is congested to
place and vibrate concrete at these places and displacement is
quite heavy which induces heavy forces in building member.
Shear wall may become essential from the point of view of
economy and control of horizontal displacement.
The residential medium rise building is analyzed for
earthquake force by considering two type of structural
system.i.e. Frame system and Dual system. Effectiveness of
shear wall has been studied with the help of four different
models. Model one is bare frame structural system and other
four models are dual type structural system. Analysis is
carried out by using standard packages STAAD Pro &
ETABS.
The comparison of these models for different
parameters like Displacement, Storey Drift and Story Shear
has been presented by replacing column with shear wall.
Different position and location of shear walls are considered
for studying their effectiveness in resisting lateral forces.
NEED FOR THE STUDY
The aim of the project is to know the behaviour of
tall building with shear wall
The main need of the study is to prevent the building
from the damage
Analytical study show the results of displacement
and storey drift , spacing of column and the
effectiveness of shear wall
1.2 OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this study is to
To analyse the response of RC building subjected to
lateral loading by using STAAD Pro and E-TABS
software.
To study the behaviour of the building by providing
shear wall at different positions in the RC frame
To design the building with shear wall for the best
position obtained from E-TABS analysis
1.3 TALL BUILDING
There is no absolute denition of what constitutes a tall
building. It is a building that exhibits some element of
"tallness" in one or more of the following categories
It is not just about height, but about the context in
which it exists. Thus whereas a 14-storey building
may not be considered a tall building in a high-rise
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International Journal of Emerging Researches in Engineering Science and Technology-Vol-2-Issue-4-April-2015-ISSN: 2393-
9184
city such as Chicago or Hong Kong, in a provincial
European city or a suburb this may be distinctly taller
than the urban norm. Again, a tall building is not just
about height but also about proportion.
There are numerous buildings, which are not
particularly high, but are slender enough to give the
appearance of a tall building, especially against low
urban backgrounds. Conversely, there are numerous
big/large footprint buildings which are quite tall but
their size/oor area rules them out from being classed
as a tall building.
If a building contains technologies which may be
attributed as being a product of "tall" (eg specic
vertical transport technologies, structural wind
bracing as a product of height, etc), then this building
can be classed as a tall building.
Although the number of floors is a poor indicator of a
tall building due to the different oor-to-oor height
in different buildings and functions (eg oce versus
residential usage), 14 or more stories (or a height of
over 50m/165ft) could perhaps be used as a threshold
for a tall building.
1.4 SHEAR WALL
Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings often have vertical
plate-like RC walls called Shear Walls in addition to
slabs, beams and columns. These walls generally start at
foundation level and are continuous throughout the
building height. Their thickness can be as low as 150mm,
or as high as 400mm in high rise buildings. Shear walls
are usually provided along both length and width of
buildings .Shear walls are like vertically-oriented wide
beams that carry earthquake loads downwards to the
foundation.
1.5 LOADS CONSIDERED
1.5.1 Calculation of Loads
The loads will include the following:
DEAD LOADS:
All permanent constructions of the structure form the dead
loads. The dead load comprises of the weights of walls,
partitions floor finishes, false ceilings, false floors and the
other permanent constructions in the buildings.
The dead load loads may be calculated from the dimensions of
various members and their unit weights. the unit weights of
plain concrete and reinforced concrete made with sand and
gravel or crushed natural stone aggregate may be taken as 24
kN/m and 25 kN/m respectively.
IMPOSED LOADS:
IS 875 (Part 2) deals with the imposed loads on
roofs, floors, stairs, balconies, etc., for various occupancies.
There is a provision for reduction in the imposed loads for
certain situations, e.g. for large span beams and number of
storeys above the columns of a storey.
The earthquake code IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002 permits
general reduction in roof and floor imposed load when
considering the load combination with the earthquake loading.
But the two types of reductions, that is, in IS: 875 (Part 2) and
IS: 1893 (Part 1) are not to be taken together.
WIND LOADS:
Wind is air in motion relative to the surface of the
earth. The primary cause of wind is traced to earths rotation
and differences in terrestrial radiation. The radiation effects
are primarily responsible for convection either upwards or
downwards. The wind generally blows horizontal to the
ground at high wind speeds. Since vertical components of
atmospheric motion are relatively small, the term wind
denotes almost exclusively the horizontal wind, vertical winds
are always identified as such. The wind speeds are assessed
with the aid of anemometers or anemographs which are
installed at meteorological observatories at heights generally
varying from 10 to 30 meters above ground.
DESIGN WIND SPEED (V,):
The basic wind speed (V,) for any site shall be
obtained from and shall be modified to include the following
effects to get design wind velocity at any height (V,) for the
chosen structure:
a) Risk level;
b) Terrain roughness, height and size of structure;
and
C) Local topography.
It can be mathematically expressed as follows:
Where:
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International Journal of Emerging Researches in Engineering Science and Technology-Vol-2-Issue-4-April-2015-ISSN: 2393-
9184
V = Vb * kl * k* ks
Vb = design wind speed at any height z in m/s;
kl = probability factor (risk coefficient)
k = terrain, height and structure size factor and
ks = topography factor
RISK COEFFICIENT (kI Factor):
kI Factor gives basic wind speeds for terrain
Category 2 as applicable at 10 m above ground level based on
50 years mean return period. In the design of all buildings and
structures, a regional basic wind speed having a mean return
period of 50 years shall be used.
TERRAIN, HEIGHT AND STRUCTURE SIZE FACTOR
(k, Factor)
Terrain - Selection of terrain categories shall be made
with due regard to the effect of obstructions which constitute
the ground surface roughness. The terrain category used in the
design of a structure may vary depending on the direction of
wind under consideration. Wherever sufficient meteorological
information is available about the nature of wind direction, the
orientation of any building or structure may be suitably
planned.
TOPOGRAPHY (KS FACTOR)
The basic wind speed Vb takes account of the general
level of site above sea level. This does not allow for local
topographic features such as hills, valleys, cliffs, escarpments,
or ridges which can significantly affect wind speed in their
vicinity. The effect of topography is to accelerate wind near
the summits of hills or crests of cliffs, escarpments or ridges
and decelerate the wind in valleys or near the foot of cliff,
steep escarpments, or ridges.
WIND PRESSURES AND FORCES ON
BUILDINGS/STRUCTURES:
The wind load on a building shall be calculated for:
a) The building as a whole,
b) Individual structural elements as roofs and walls, and
c) Individual cladding units including glazing and
their fixings.
PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS
The pressure coefficients are always given for a
particular surface or part of the surface of a building. The
wind load acting normal to a surface is obtained by
multiplying the area of that surface or its appropriate portion
by the pressure coefficient (C,) and the design wind pressure
at the height of the surface from the ground. The average
values of these pressure coefficients for some building shapes
Average values of pressure coefficients are given for critical
wind directions in one or more quadrants.
F= (Cpe Cpi) A Pd
Where,
Cpe = external pressure coefficient,
Cpi = internal pressure- coefficient,
A = surface area of structural or cladding unit, and
Pd = design wind pressure element
Earthquake Load; earthquake shall be calculated using BIS
1893-2002PART
Recommendation. Response spectrum method has been used
for calculation of earthquake horizontal load using the
calculation of natural period.
1.6 Earthquake Resistant Design
Now the following steps may be taken:
(a) Estimate fundamental time period Ta using empirical
expressions given in the Code IS: 1893-10 2002.
Ta = 0.075 H0.75, IS: 1893 Cl.7.6.1 for bare frame along each
axis
Tax = 0.09h/d along x-axis IS: 1893 Cl.7.6.2 for frame with
substantial infills
Ta z = 0.09h/b, along z-axis, IS: 1893 Cl.7.6.2 for frame with
substantial infills
Where h is the height of the building and d and b are the base
dimensions of the building along x and z axis respectively.
(b) Calculate the design horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah
Now compute the fundamental time periods T/x and
T/z for the bare frame along the two axes by dynamic analysis.
These are generally found to be higher than Tax and Taz
respectively.
The design horizontal coefficient Ah is given by
Ah = (Z/2). (I/R). (Sa/g)
Take Z for the applicable seismic zone (IS: 1893 Cl.6.4.2),
Take I for the use importance of the building (IS: 1893 Table
2),Take R for the lateral load resisting system adopted (IS:
1893 Table 7),and take Sa/g for the computed time period
values T/x, Tax, T/z and Taz with 5% damping coefficient
using the response spectra curves IS: 1893 Fig 2 for the soil
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International Journal of Emerging Researches in Engineering Science and Technology-Vol-2-Issue-4-April-2015-ISSN: 2393-
9184
type observed. Thus four values of Ah will be determined as
follows:-
In x-direction A/hx for T/x & Ahax for Tax
In z-direction A/hz for T/z & Ahaz for Taz
(c) Calculate the total horizontal shear (the base shear)
The design value of base shear VB
VB = Ah W as per 1893 Cl.7.5.3.
For design of the building and portions thereof, the base shear
corresponding to higher of Ahax and A/hx, similarly between
Ahaz and A/hz will be taken as minimum design lateral force.
(d) Seismic Moments and Forces in Frame Elements:
Calculate the seismic moments and axial forces in the
columns, shears and moments in the beams by using the
seismic weights on the floors/(column beam joints) through an
appropriate computer software (having facility for using floors
as rigid diaphragm and torsional effects as per IS: 1893:2002).
It may be performed by Response Spectrum or Time
History analysis. The important point is that according to IS:
1893 Cl.7.8.2., the base shear computed in either of the
dynamic method, say V/B shall not be less than VB calculated
under Cl.7.5.3 using Ahax and Ahaz. If so, then all shears,
moments, axial forces etc worked out under dynamic analysis
will be increased proportionately, that is, in the ratio of
VB/V/B.
(e) Soft Ground Storey
It must be designed according to Cl.7.10 of IS: 1893-
2002.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE WORK
The aim of the project is to compare the Seismic
analysis of R.C.C. Tall Buildings with Shear wall like special
moment resistant frame with shear wall as well as with steel
bracings, which is effectively suitable for the Coimbatore
seismic zone.
LITERATURE REVIEW
A.Seismic Analysis of RCC Building with and
Without Shear Wall www.ijmer.com, International journal
Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Page No: 1805-1810,
Year of Publishing: May-June - 2013, Author: P. P.
Chandurkar, Dr. P. S. Pajgade
DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK
Shear wall are one of the excellent means of providing
earthquake resistance to multistoried reinforced concrete
building. The structure is still damaged due to some or the
other reason during earthquakes. Behavior of structure during
earthquake motion depends on distribution of weight, stiffness
and strength in both horizontal and planes of building. To
reduce the effect of earthquake reinforced concrete shear walls
are used in the building. These can be used for improving
seismic response of buildings. Structural design of buildings
for seismic loading is primarily concerned with structural
safety during major Earthquakes, in tall buildings, it is very
important to ensure adequate lateral stiffness to resist lateral
load. The provision of shear wall in building to achieve
rigidity has been found effective and economical. When
buildings are tall, beam, column sizes are quite heavy and
steel required is large. So there is lot of congestion at these
joint and it is difficult to place and vibrate concrete at these
place and displacement is quite heavy. Shear walls are usually
used in tall building to avoid collapse of buildings. When
shear wall are situated in advantageous positions in the
building, they can form an efficient lateral force resisting
system. In this present paper one model for bare frame type
residential building and three models for dual type structural
system are generated with the help of ETAB and effectiveness
has been checked.
CONCLUSION: From all the above analysis, it is observed
that in 10 story building, constructing building with shear wall
in short span at corner (model 4) is economical as compared
with other models. From this it can be concluded that large
dimension of shear wall is not effective in 10 stories or below
10 stories buildings. It is observed that the shear wall is
economical and effective in high rise building. Also observed
that changing the position of shear wall will affect the
attraction of forces, so that wall must be in proper position. If
the dimensions of shear wall are large then major amount of
horizontal forces are taken by shear wall. Providing shear
walls at adequate locations substantially reduces the
displacements due to earthquake
B. Earthquake Analysis of High Rise Building with and
Without Infilled Walls International Journal of Engineering
and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), www.ijeit.com Page No:
89-94, Year of Publishing: August 2012, Authors: Wakchaure
M.R, Ped S. P
DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK: The effect of masonry
infill panel on the response of RC frames subjected to seismic
action is widely recognized and has been subject of numerous
experimental investigations, while several attempts to model it
analytically have been reported. In analytically analysis infill
walls are modeled as equivalent strut approach there are
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International Journal of Emerging Researches in Engineering Science and Technology-Vol-2-Issue-4-April-2015-ISSN: 2393-
9184

various formulae derived by research scholars and scientist for
width of strut and modelling. Infill behaves like compression
strut between column and beam and compression forces are
transferred from one node to another. In this study the effect
of masonry walls on high rise building is studied. Linear
dynamic analysis on high rise building with different
arrangement is carried out. For the analysis G+9 R.C.C.
framed building is modelled. Earthquake time history is
applied to the models. The width of strut is calculated by using
equivalent strut method. Various cases of analysis are taken.
All analysis is carried out by software ETABS. Base shear,
storey displacement, story drift is calculated and compared for
all models. The results show that infill walls reduce
displacements, time period and increases base shear. So it is
essential to consider the effect of masonry infill for the
seismic evaluation of moment resisting reinforced concrete
frame.
CONCLUSION:
Due to infill walls in the High Rise Building top storey
displacement is reduces. Base shear is increased. The
presence of non-structural masonry infill walls can
modify the seismic behavior of R.C.C.Framed High Rise
building to large extent. Arrangement of infill wall also
alters the displacement and base shear the top of building
displacements gets reduces. In case of infill having
irregularities in elevation such as soft storey that is
damage was occur at level where change in infill pattern
is occur. The effect of slenderness ratio emphasion
displacement of frame. As the aspect ratio goes on
increasing the displacement, base shear and column
forces increases.
location of shear wall. In this paper Study of G+5 Storey
building in Zone IV is presented with some preliminary
investigation which is analyzed by changing various position
of shear wall with different shapes for determine parameter
like axial load and moments. This analysis is done by using
Standard package STADD-pro.
CONCLUSION:
Different location of shear wall effect on axial load on the
column. In absence of shear wall axial load
and moments are maximum on column. Case-3 is safe as
compare to case-1 and case-2. Shear walls are easy to
construct, because reinforcement detailing of walls is
relatively straight forward and therefore easily implemented at
site. Thus shear walls are one of the most effective building
elements in resisting lateral forces during earthquake. By
constructing shear walls damages due to effect of lateral forces
due to earthquake and high winds can be minimized. Shear
walls construction will provide larger stiffness to the buildings
there by reducing the damage to structure
and its contents.
PLAN OF TALL BUILDING

C. Design And Analysis Of Multistoried Building With

Effect Of Shear Wall www.ijera.com international Journal
of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA)
(ijera),Page No: 223-232 ,Year of Publishing: May - June
2013,Authors: Himalee Rahangdale *, S.R.Satone**

DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK:

Shear wall system are one of the most commonly used lateral
load resisting in high rise building Shear wall has high in
plane stiffness and strength which can be used to GROUND FLOOR
simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and support
gravity loads. Incorporation of Shear wall has become
inevitable in multistory building to resist lateral forces. It is
very necessary to determine effective, efficient and ideal

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International Journal of Emerging Researches in Engineering Science and Technology-Vol-2-Issue-4-April-2015-ISSN: 2393-
9184

Analyze these three building models by different

Loading conditions.
Dead load
Brick wall
Floor finish
Live Load
Wind Load
Wind x-direction
Wind y- direction
Dead Load + Live Load
Dead Load + Live Load + Earth Quake
Load (X direction)
Dead Load + Live Load + Wind Load (X
direction)
Dead Load + Live Load + Wind Load (Y
direction)
The load combinations for analysis and design will be taken as
follows:
The members (beams, columns, shear walls etc.) and their
joints will be designed for the worst combination of loads,
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN shears and moments.
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY DETAILS
STEP 1: STEP 4:
Compare the results of those three analysis
First Create the Model for R.C.C Tall Building by while coming the above Step. By using the
using the Software STAAD Pro V8i comparison of results which type of analysis is best
for R.C.C tall building to resist the Earthquake load
Second Create the Model for R.C.C Tall Building and wind Load.
with different position of shear wall by using the STEP 5:
Software E-TABS In these analyzing part these parameters to
be considered for R.C.C Tall Building and with shear
The type of building: wall modeling Lateral displacement, storey drift,
shear force, bending moment, base shear, time
Apartment Building period, story drift .

The Storey Level AREA DETAILS:

Area of the site : 536Sqm
G+19
Area of the Ground floor : 386.4Sqm
METHOD: AutoCAD Drawing for Plan, Section, Area of the typical floor : 386.4Sqm
Elevation Area of the Flat A, B, C, D : 96.6Sqm

STEP 2: Building type : G+19 framed storey

METHOD 1: Model with R.C.C Tall building by
using STAAD Pro V8i
METHOD 1: Model with R.C.C. Tall building with BUILDING DATA
Shear wall by using E-TABS Type of Structure : Multi Storey rigid jointed
STEP 3: frame

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9184

Seismic Zone : III Coimbatore

Layout : Apartment Building plan
and elevation
Number of storeys : G+19
Ground storey height : 3m
Floor to floor Height : 3m
Depth of Slab : 150 mm
External walls : 230 mm thick including
plaster
Wall load : 13.6 KN/ m2
Density of wall : 20 kN/m3
Live Load : 3 KN/m2
Materials : M30 & Fe 415
Seismic analysis : Response Spectrum
Method
Design philosophy : Limit state method
conforming to IS 456
Ductile design : IS 13920:1993
CREATING 3D BUILDING MODEL
Size of exterior column : 300 x750 mm
Size of beam : 300 x600 mm
Thickness of shear wall : 230 mm
Type of soil : medium

MODELLING OF BUILDING
Modelling of building is done using STAAD Pro software

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE:
Analysis of (G+19) hotel building done using STAAD Pro
.
STAAD Pro results
During analysis in STAAD Pro, following results are
obtained.
PLAN VIEW OF STAAD MODEL

SELECTING 2D INTERMEDIATE FRAME FOR

ANALYSIS

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International Journal of Emerging Researches in Engineering Science and Technology-Vol-2-Issue-4-April-2015-ISSN: 2393-
9184

A G+19 storey frame model building without

Shear wall is analyzed using STAAD Pro.
Tall building development involves various complex
factors such as economics, aesthetics, technology, municipal
regulations, and politics. Among these, economics has been
the primary governing factor. This new building type itself
would not have been possible, however, without supporting
technologies.
In this study, the ordinary moment resistant frames
without the shear walls are designed and analyzed by using
Response Spectrum analysis. The dimensions of the elements
of frames are taken by considering the structure to be safe.
From the analysis, the base shear for structure without shear
wall is less due to reduced self-weight compared with the
structures with shear wall

REFERENCES
1. IS: 456 -2000 Code of Practice for Plain and
SHEAR BENDING IN BEAM NO 6025 Reinforced Concrete
2. IS:1893(Part-I)-2002 "Criteria for Earthquake
Resistant Design of Structures (Fifth Revision)
3. IS: 875 (part-1)1987 design load (part -1 dead
load other than earthquake) for buildings and
structure.
4. IS : 875 (part-1)1987 design load (part -2 live
load other than earthquake) for buildings and
structure
5. IS: 875 (part-1)1987 design load (part -3 wind
load other than earthquake) for buildings and
structure
6. IS: 1904-1987 Code of Practice for Structural
Safety of Buildings: Foundation
DEFLECTION IN BEAM NO 6025 7. IS: 1498-1970 Classification and identification
of soils for general engineering purposes (First
Revision)
8. IS: 2131-1981 Method of Standard Penetration
Test for soils (First Revision)
9. IS:13920-1993, "Ductile Detailing of Reinforced
Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic Forces
- Code of Practice"
10. IS: 4326-1993, "Earthquake Resistant Design
and Construction of Buildings - Code of Practice
(Second Revision)"
11. IS-NBC-2005: National Building Code of India.
12. Earthquake Design Concepts C.V.Moorthy
13. Dr. P.C.Varghese Limit State Design of
Structure
CONCLUSION

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9184

14. Krishna Raju, N., Design of Reinforced

Concrete Structures, CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi, 2003.
15. Unnikrishna Pillai, S., Devdas Menon,
Reinforced Concrete Design, Tata McGraw-
Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
16. Pankaj Agarwal and Manish Shrikhande,
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,
Prentice Hall of India, 2006
17. Dr. B.C.Punmia Reinforced Concrete
Structures Vol I And Vol II
18. Vaidyanadhan, R and Perumal, P, Structural
Analysis Vol. 1 & Vol. 2, Laxmi Publications,
New Delhi, 2003
19. S.R. Dhamodharasamy & S.Kavitha Basics of
Structural Dynamics and Aseismic Design
Structural Dynamics-phi publisher, New Delhi,
2003
20. S. K. Duggal Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures

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