Assignment

Course No: ME 401

Course Name: Internal Combustion Engines

Name: Md Rysul Kabir

Student ID: 1210119
Department: ME
Section: B
1. Spark timing is advanced more for lean mixtures in SI
engines.
In Si engines the flame speed is lower so spark is
advanced more so that the flame can reach the end gas before
is auto ignites and creates knock.

2. Spark timing is advanced more at higher engine

speeds in SI engines.
As engine speeds go higher the flame gets less time to
travel the entirety of the cylinder. So spark is advance to give
enough time for the flame to travel to the end of the cylinder.

3. Higher values of volumetric efficiency is always

desirable.
Engine power is limited by the amount of air-fuel mixture.
The more air that can be pushed in, the more fuel can be added
to the mixture and more power generated. So higher VE is
always desirable.

4. Knocking more likely to occur with lean mixtures in SI

engines.
Flame speed is lower in case of lean mixtures. As it takes
more time for the flame to get to the end of the cylinder the
possibility of end gas auto igniting and creating knock in higher.

5. A good SIE fuel is a bad CIE fuel, and vice versa.

A good SIE fuel which has a higher ignition delay will be a
bad fuel for CIE since the delay and SIT is higher and it will not
auto-ignite. Similarly a good CIE fuel will autoignite very easily
due to lower ignition delay and SIT in SIE and create knock. So
a good SIE fuel is a bad CIE fuel and vice versa.
6. SI engines are high speed engines.
In SI engine the only delay associated with ignition is the
chemical delay of combustion. Since the delay is lower SI
engines can run in high speeds.

7. SI engine exhaust temperatures are higher.

SI engines have higher pressure and temperature in the
combustion stroke since the heat addition process in Otto cycle
is iso-volume process. Because of this higher pressure and
temperature the exhaust gas temperatures are higher.

8. Intake and exhaust valves are opened earlier and

closed later.
The opening and closing of valves is not an instantaneous
process. Intakes valves are opened earlier so that during the
induction process the lift is at the highest point. These are
closed later to take advantage of air inertia and increase the
volumetric efficiency of the engine.
Exhaust valves are opened earlier to bleed of some of the
pressure in the process known as blow down. They are closed
later to help with the intake in scavenging process. The vacuum
created by the outgoing exhaust gases help pull air in from the
intake manifold.

9. Part load efficiencies of CI engines are higher.

In SI engines during part load operation the intake air is
throttled and so pumping loss is substantial compared to power
output. In CI engine load is controlled by fuel injection and not
throttling. So the pumping loss is insignificant and thus the part
load efficiencies are higher.

10. Slightly higher brake power is available with slightly

rich mixtures.
As the mixture becomes slightly rich the heat of
combustion and heat capacity of the product both decay. At
slightly rich condition the heat capacity decays faster than the
heat of combustion so overall heat release and thus brake
power is increase. Beyond slightly rich conditions the heat of
combustion decays faster than heat capacity and so the brake
power drops off.

11. Lambda control is very important for proper

functioning of catalytic-converters.
Catalytic converters work well within a very narrow range
of equivalence ratio. Beyond the narrow range the NOx
emissions become higher in lean mixtures and CO and HC
emissions become higher is rich mixtures. So the Lambda
control is very important in keeping the equivalence ratio in the
proper operating range of the catalytic converter.

12. Specific fuel consumptions of SI engines are higher.

Because of pumping losses associated with the throttling
process in SI engines the specific fuel consumption of SI
engines are higher.
13. For a given cc of engine, CI engines develop less
power.
CI engines are generally run at a lean condition, so for the
same displacement the amount of fuel is lower is CI engines
and thus the power developed is lower. Also, the heating value
of Diesel is slightly lower than Gasoline which also contribute to
slightly lower power output.

14. Indicated efficiency of SI engine is high for lean

mixtures.
Indicated efficiency of SI engine is high for lean mixtures
as the property of the gases are closer to ideal condition in lean
mixture.

15. Indicated mean effective pressure in SI engine is

high for stoichiometric mixture.
Its because combined effect of the indicated efficiency
and equivalence ratio. As for lean mixtures the indicated
efficiency is high but amount of fuel is not enough .When the
equivalence ratio increases to stoichiometry the engine power
keep increasing and reaches its maximum at the stoichiometric
composition.

16. From knocking point of view, natural gas is a bad CI

fuel.
NG is a bad CI fuel since it has high ignition delay and self-
ignition temperature. Also, injection of NG is difficult since
gases have lower viscosity and cannot penetrate the
compressed air properly.

17. Wankel engines not widely available.

 Wankel engines are not widely available due to their
higher fuel consumption, more emissions than convention
engines, burning of lube oil and higher maintenance effort
associated with apex seals.

18. Injection pressure in case of direct injection CI

engine is very high.
Injection pressure in CI engines are higher since the
compression ratio and thus the pressure in the cylinder are
higher than that of SI engines.

19. CO2 is not considered as an engine pollutant.

CO2 is a natural product of combustion of HC fuel and thus
it is not considered to be an engine pollutant.

20. Automobiles produce most of the pollutants at the

initial period of its travel.
At initial period of travel the engine is in lower operating
temperature. Thus the catalytic converter is not in its optimal
operating temperature and so it cannot properly treat the
pollutants. Also, in initial period the engine is run at slightly rich
condition which causes incomplete combustion and more
emissions.

21. Exhaust valves are smaller is size.

Exhaust valves are smaller in size since the choking mass
flow rate is higher in case of exhaust.

22. Knock is always present in case of CI engines.

Knock is always present in CI engine since it utilized self-
ignition which is not totally controlled.
23. In SI engines, a rich/lean mixture is effective in
reducing knock.
In SI engine a rich mixture increase the flame speed and a
lean mixture increases the ignition delay both of which is
effective in reducing knock.

24. Adiabatic flame temperature is highest at slightly

rich condition.
Adiabatic flame temperature is highest at slightly rich
condition as a result of both the heat of combustion &
heatcapacity of products decaying beyond the stoichiometric
condition.

25. Flame speed is not a fundamental parameter of an

air-fuel mixture.
Flame speed (Ss) is a function of Laminar burning velocity
(SL) and gas expansion velocity (ug). SLis a function of air-fuel
mixture but ugis a function of the densities of burnt and unburnt
mixture. Since Ssis a function of both SL&ugit is not
afundamental parameter if an air-fuel mixture.