TABLE

OF CONTENTS

Page Title Date

1-2 T.O.C. 9/27/16
3 Space Vocabulary 9/27/16
4 S.S. Solar System 9/27/16
4 S.S. The Sun 9/27/16
5 S.S. Mercury 9/28/16
5 S.S. Venus 9/29/16
6 S.S. Earth 9/30/16
7 S.S. The Moon 10/3/16
7 S.S. Mars 10/4/16
8 S.S. Jupiter 10/6/16
8 S.S. Saturn 10/12/16
9 S.S. Uranus 10/12/16
10 S.S. Neptune 10/14/16
10 S.S. Pluto 10/14/16
11 S.S. Strange Things in Space 10/19/16
12 Milky Way Galaxy 10/25/16
12 Stars 10/26/16
13 Moon Phases 10/27/16
14 Eclipses 11/13/16
15 Tides 11/17/16
16 Reasons For Seasons 11/18/16
17 Parallax 11/18/16
18 Skeletal & Muscle Systems 12/15/16
19 Nervous System 2/1/17
20 Circulatory System 2/7/17









































SPACE VOCABULARY (page 3 92716)

Sun Our closest star and what holds our Solar System in place due to its
immense gravitational pull. The Sun provides us with energy, light,
and heat for us to live.

Comet A small object in space, made of ice, dust, gas, and rock, that orbits a
star and that can form a gaseous tail.

Asteroid A small rocky body orbiting the Sun. Large numbers of these are
found between Mars and Jupiter in what we call the asteroid belt.



SOLAR SYSTEM (page 4 92716)
1. There are inner and outer regions to our solar system.
2. Pluto is now a dwarf planet because it doesnt have a clear orbital
neighborhood around itself.
3. The Heliosphere is an immense magnetic bubble which surrounds our solar
system.
4. The Kuiper Belt is home to the majority of our comets.
5. There are about 3,350 known comets in our solar system.

THE SUN (page 4 92716)
1. The temperature of the Suns surface is 9,9000F and the core is 127,000,000 0
Fahrenheit (water boils at 2120F).
2. The Sun creates heat and energy by combining Hydrogen and making Helium.
This is called Nuclear Fusion.
3. The Sun makes up 99% of all the mass in our Solar System.



MERCURY (page 5 92816)
1. Mercury is the smallest planet in our Solar System barely larger than Earths
Moon.
2. Mercurys temperature ranges from -3000 F to 8000 F because there is little
atmosphere due to the weak gravity.
3. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun but not the hottest!
4. Mercury does not have a moon.

Venus (page 5 92916)
1. There are over 100,000 volcanoes on Venus.
2. Venus is the brightest object in the sky besides the Sun and the Moon.
3. Mt. Mott is a volcano that is five miles high. It is one mile taller than any
volcano on Earth.
4. Venus does not have a moon.
5. Venus is the only planet where a day is longer than one year.

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Earth (page 6 93016)
1. Earth is the only known planet that is able to sustain life, because it has an
atmosphere, oxygen, and liquid water.
2. The Earths air is 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and 1% other.
3. Earth has been around for 4.6 billion years. The planet was formed from
left over parts from the newborn Sun.
4. Earth is the fifth largest planet in the Solar System. In the center of the
Earth, it has an iron core.
5. Water covers 75% of the surface and only 1/8 of the surface is suitable for
human habitation.

The Moon (page 6 10316)
1. The Moon was maybe created from a collision with a large space
objectit is called the Big Whack Theory.
2. It is moving away from the Earth at a rate of 1 inches per year.
3. There are flat lands like seas called Marias caused by ancient
volcanoes.
4. The Moons gravity is 1/6 the strength as what we have on Earth. A
120 lb person on Earth would weigh 20 lb on the Moon.
5. The Moon has lots of impact craters because there isnt an
atmosphere to burn up incoming space travelers (asteroids &
meteoroids).


Mars (page 7 10416)
1. Mars has the largest volcano in the entire Solar System called Olympus
Mons. 340 miles wide and 16.7 miles high!!
2. Mars is also home to the largest canyon in the Solar System, more than 10x
larger than our Grand Canyon!
3. On Mars, temperatures reach a comfy 650 F in the summer but in the winter
it is a nasty 2230 F below zero! Brrrrrr
4. A telescope glitch led people to believe there were straight canals dug on
Mars, leading to the fantasy of Martians (aliens).
5. Mars has a tilted axis-just like Earth which is the cause of seasons.

Jupiter (page 8 10616)
1. Jupiter has the fastest rotation, out of all the planets, turning once on its
axis, in less than 10 hours.
2. Jupiter, even though it is huge, needs to be 80x more massive to turn into a
star! It is a gas giant.
3. Jupiter has a large, permanent storm, called The Great Red Spot which
changes from Earth size to 3x larger than Earth.
4. Jupiter has approximately 67 moons-Ganymede is slightly larger than
Mercury!
5. Jupiter is over 400 million miles away but its gravity protects us, here on
Earth, from being struck by asteroids like a giant body guard!
6. The Juno Mission, launched in 2011, successfully made JOI (Jupiter Orbit
Insertion) in July, 2016. It will orbit the planet 37 times before crashing
into Jupiter in 2018.


Saturn (pg 8 101216)
1. Titan, one of Saturns moons, has liquid oceans and seas of Methane. This
makes it the only other place in our Solar System to have surface fluid.
2. Saturn takes 29.5 Earth years to complete one trip around the Sun!
3. Saturns rings are made up of rock and ice particles perhaps from an old
moon that broke apart. Three of the rings are visible from Earth with
binoculars!
4. Saturn is a gas giant.
5. Saturn has the 2nd fastest rotation behind only Jupiter. One complete turn
takes only 10 hours and 33 minutes.
Uranus (pg 9 101216)
1. Uranus appears to be blue because of Methane in the atmosphere.
2. It is 4 times larger than our Earth.
3. Trillions of diamonds are believed to be in the core of Uranus due to the
intense pressure.
4. The planet rotates like it is rolling so the equator is actually North and
South, perpendicular from ours!
5. Uranus is considered to be both a gas and ice giant.

Neptune pg9 101416
1. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and could hold 60 Earths if it
was hollow.
2. Neptunes winds are the fastest in the Solar System, nearly reaching
Mach 2 (about 1,200 mph)!!!!!
3. Neptune is the least explored of our eight planets.
4. Neptune is considered to be both a gas and ice giant.
5. It takes 165 years to orbit the Sun just once.


Pluto (page 10 101416)
1. To be a planet it must: orbit the Sun, have enough gravity to keep a spherical
shape, have a clear path being the most dominant object in the area.
2. Pluto fails the third rule and as a result Pluto is now a Dwarf Planet.
3. It is one of the coldest places in the Solar system.
4. Average temperature of -3800 F.
5. Pluto and its largest moon Charon are considered to be twin Dwarf Planets.

Strange Things in Space pg11 101916

1. Our Sun can never become a black hole. It is too small and does not
have enough gravity.
2. A black holes gravity is so strong that even light cant escape!!
3. Black holes form when a large star uses up all of its hydrogen fuel
and collapses in on itself.
4. Wormholes could allow humans to travel through space quickly.if
they exist!
5. Scientists theorize that time travel may be possible through a
wormhole but we need to find Doc Brown and Marty McFly!

Milky Way Galaxy pg 12 102516

1. Light travels 5,878,499,812,499 miles in one year!!
2. All objects in the Milky Way Galaxy orbit a gigantic black hole that has a mass
equal to 2,000,000 of our Suns!
3. The Milky Way Galaxy is slowly consuming a smaller, neighboring galaxy called
Sagittarius Dwarf.
4. The Milky Way Galaxy was named by the Greeks, who thought it looked like a
river of spilt milk.
5. Our Solar System is located on an arm of our Barred Spiral Galaxy, called the
Orion Arm.

STARS (page 12 102616)
1. Stars appear to twinkle due to shifts in the Earths atmosphere.
2. Stars are between 1 billion to 10 billion years old.
3. The oldest discovered star is 13.2 billion years old.
4. Our Sun will eventually turn into a Red Giant.
5. Stars are giant nuclear reactors. They use nuclear fusion to combine hydrogen
into energy.




Moon Phases pg 13 102716

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Eclipses pg 14 111316
1. There are two kinds of eclipses: Solar and Lunar.
2. A solar eclipse is when the Sun is blocked by the Moon. The Moons
shadow darkens that part of Earth. Can last up to seven minutes for
total blocking of the Sun.
3. A lunar eclipse is when the moon goes into Earths shadow. It will
glow red because of Earths atmosphere bending the light. Can last
up to 90 minutes.
4. Each eclipse can be total or partial.
5. A shadow has two parts: the dark part is the umbra and the lighter
part is the penumbra.

 Eclipses pg 14 111316
1. There are two kinds of eclipses: Solar and Lunar.
2. A solar eclipse is when the Sun is blocked by the Moon. The Moons
shadow darkens that part of Earth. Can last up to seven minutes for
total blocking of the Sun.
3. A lunar eclipse is when the moon goes into Earths shadow. It will
glow red because of Earths atmosphere bending the light. Can last
up to 90 minutes.
4. Each eclipse can be total or partial.
5. A shadow has two parts: the dark part is the umbra and the lighter
part is the penumbra.
Tides pg 15 111716
1. Earths surface water rises and falls each day because of the Moons
(& partly the Suns) gravitational pull.
2. The Moon is closer than the Sun so its gravity effects the water
closest to it the most.
3. Each day there are two High and Low Tides on Earth.
4. When the Moon and Sun are in a line (New or Full Moon Phase)
there is a super strong tide called a Spring Tide. The High Tides are
highest and the Low Tides are lowest.
5. When the Moon and Sun are 900 from each other (First or Last
Quarter) the tides are moderate & called a Neap Tide.

 Reasons for Seasons pg 16 111816
1. The Earth is tilted 23.50 on its axis.
2. The tilt of the axis causes the hemisphere which is pointed at the Sun
to have the warmer seasons.
3. The hemisphere which is pointed away from the Sun has the colder
seasons.
4. The Earth is actually furthest away during summer in the Northern
Hemisphere and closest during winter.
5. The ANGLE of the suns rays determines the strength of the sunlight.
The lower the Sun is in the sky-the weaker it feels.

Parallax pg 17 111816
1. Parallax is when an object appears to change its position based
upon your viewing angle.

2. Objects closer to us appear to move more than objects farther away.
3. Our eyes use parallax to give us depth perception.




 Body Systems

Skeletal/Muscle System-5 Functions pg 18 12/15/16
1) Framework-supports the body
a. Fixed joint (head)
b. Pivot joint (neck)
c. Ball & socket joint (shoulder & hip)
d. Hinge joint (elbow, knee, fingers, & toes)
e. Gliding joint (wrist & ankle)
f. Saddle joint (thumb)
2) Movement-works with muscle systems
a. Skeletal muscles (voluntary)
b. Cardiac muscles (heart-involuntary)
c. Smooth muscles (lines organs-involuntary)
3) Protection (of organs)
4) Storage of substances for nerve functioning & blood clotting.
5) Manufacturing of new blood cells


 Nervous System pg 17 013017
Controls and monitors all of our body functions
1) Brain is the most important part of the NS
2) NS is made up of two parts:
Central Nervous System & Peripheral Nervous System
3) CNS has the brain and spinal cord
4) Neurons send impulses (messages) at speeds up to 120 m/s
5) Neurons dont touch-gap is called the synapse-signals are sent across the
space by a chemical signal
6) Reflex action bypasses the brain to gain speed
7) Sense of sight is responsible for greatest amount of information
8) Brain ignores 95-99% of all incoming information from the five senses
9) Cerebrum-largest part of brain, controls voluntary actions, intelligence,
learning, judgment, attitudes, emotion, & personality
10)Cerebellum-controls balance & muscle coordination
11)Medulla-connects brain to spinal cord, controls involuntary actions, ex.
Heartbeat, breathing, & blood pressure
12)Brain weighs only 2% of body weight but uses 20% of energy. The body
will go hungry to give the brain energy.

 Circulatory System pg 18 2717
Transports food and oxygen to the living cells and collects
waste products to be eliminated from the body.

1. Circulatory System is made up of three parts:
i. Heart, blood, and blood vessels
2. The heart is the size of an adult fist.
3. It beats about 70 beats per minute while at rest more if you are young.
4. The heart pumps about 70ml of blood each beat.
5. There are about 5 liters of blood in an adult human.
6. Blood has four parts: plasma, red blood cells, white cells, and platelets .
7. There are 25,000,000,000,000 red blood cells in the body at any given
time.
8. RBC live about 3-4 months and then die.
9. 2,000,000 RBC are made every second!
10. If all of an adult humans blood vessels were stretched out they would
reach way to the moon!
11. Arteries take blood away from the heart-carry oxygen
12. Veins take blood to the heart and carry wastes & carbon dioxide.
13. Capillaries are the smallest vessels-every living cell in your body is located
close to a capillary.
14. Blood clots turn into scabs which is the bodys way of stopping blood loss.
15. RBC carries oxygen, WBC fights disease, & platelets clot blood.
16. Blood Pressure is needed to move blood through the body.