Dalhousie University (Sexton Campus)

Department of Civil & Resource Engineering

CIVL 4515 Reinforced Concrete Design

Term Project

DECK DESIGN PROJECT REPORT

Oguz Avci B00572497

Negar Omrani B00588816
Anisa Awad B00600829
Chris Moignard B00616422

Submitted to:
Mr. Colin Jim

Submitted on:
November 30th, 2016
Table of Contents

1. Summary of Loading ............................................................................................................... 3

2. Technical Justification of Design Choices .............................................................................. 4

3. Sketches of Designs ................................................................................................................. 5

4. Cost Estimates ......................................................................................................................... 8

5. Discussions and Comments ..................................................................................................... 9

1. SUMMARY OF LOADING

Slab
Dead kpa 7.8125
Factored loads
Live kpa 7.2

T-beam
Finishes kpa 0.3125
Slab dead load kpa 7.8125
Factored loads
Beam dead load kpa 3
Live load kpa 7.2

Column
Factored loads
DL+LL kpa 18.325
same as T-beam. We multiply it by tributary
width

Foundation
Wbeam kN/m 28.725
Wfooting kN/m 3.6 Specified load
Wsoil kN/m 2.92608
q kpa 100
2. TECHNICAL JUSTIFICATION OF DESIGN CHOICES

A one-way slab system will be used to design the 11m x 11m deck. This deck is divided into
11
3 sections to satisfy the specification of being a one-way slab. The ratio is = 3.66 > 2 which
3

satisfies the condition. Four beams span the length of the deck in the longitudinal direction, with
concrete columns supporting each beam vertically in both sides of the deck. The columns are
2.43 m long and extend 1.2m into the ground to account for frost cover. The reason for the
design choice is to reduce the slab thickness thus reducing the self-weight of the system along
with the cost.
Slab is the main horizontal structural component in a deck design. It carries gravity loads
and transfer them to the beams. Beams transmit the loads to the vertical supports (columns) and
are cast monolithically with the slab. Beams are subjected to bending and shear. Next is columns
that are vertical components of our deck. Beams are subjected to combined axial loads and
bending. Foundation are the next which transmit the weight of the superstructure to the
supporting soil.
3. SKETCHES OF DESIGNS
4. COST ESTIMATES

Concrete price 1000$/m3

Quantity of Concrete m3/s cost

Slab 30.25 $30,250.00

Beams 4.40 $4,400.00
Columns 3.95 $3,950.21
Footings 8.01 $8,006.05
Total amount of
Concrete 46.61 $46,606.25

Rebar = 3.00 $/kg

Mass per unit length (kg/m) Cost per meter
10M 0.785 $2.36
15M 1.57 $4.71
20M 2.355 $7.07
25M 3.925 $11.78

Quantities of rebar (m) Amount Cost

Slab 10M 307.82 $724.92
25M 74.05 $871.99
Beam
10M 404.80 $953.30
20M 16.09 $113.69
Columns
10M 107.02 $252.03
Footing 15M 33.66 $158.54
Total cost of rebar $3,074.48

Total cost of deck = $52,253.39

5. DISCUSSIONS AND COMMENTS

An alternate design solution was a T-beam that was to support the slab of the deck. Although
technically this solution was to give a higher capacity, the calculations to check the system from
the code became more difficult since simplified method was not possible to be used. The column
design used in this model considered the maximum moment from the beam design which was at
Point C. Time constraints limited the options of the design. Having more time would have
allowed for a more efficient and cheaper design. In reality, snow and wind loads would need to
be considered as the deck is design for the outdoor conditions. The use of strip footing was due
to the fact that it is easier and cheaper to cast in place whereas the use of a rectangular footing
would have minimized the cost for the overall design.
 Slab design

fy 400 Mpa cover 20 fire rating of 1.5hr

f'c 25 Mpa 15M 16 d
Dead Load 0.25 kpa 0.18 Vc
Live Load 4.8 kpa b 1000
1 0.8125 c 0.65
1 0.9075 s 0.85
24 kN/m2 stirrups 10 M Area 100

step 1. Geometry
slab dim 5500 mm
ln 2750 mm

check one-way 2 >= 2

Step 2. estimate slab thickness

exterior span interior span

h ln/24 114.5833333 h ln/28 98.21428571

h 114.5833333 h 250 mm

Step 3. Factored loads

factored dead 7.8125 kpa

factored live 7.2 kpa
Wf 15.0125 kN/m2
Step 4. Load analysis

check for coef method

>2 span Okay
span ratio Same spans 1 < 1.2
UDL 0.9216 < 2 OKAY

Step 5. check thickness for moment capacity

max coeff 0.10

Mfmax 11.35320313

page 2-21 CDH Ro bal 2.24

0.5 ro bal 1.12 & f'c =30 interpolate Kr 3.25

d req 59.10408843 mm

h 87.10408843 OKAY

Step 6. check thickness for shear

max coeff 0.575

vfmax 23.73851563 KN

dv 40.57865919
d 45.0873991
okay
h 56.35924887

h 250
d 222
 Exterior Span Interior
Support Mid-span Support Support Mid-span Support
Notes Section A B C D E F
Shear
coeff. 0.500 0.575 0.500 0.500
ln(m) 2.750 2.750 2.750 2.750
Vf(Kn/m) 20.642 23.739 20.642 20.642
Moment
coeff. -0.042 0.071 -0.100 -0.091 0.063 -0.091
ln(m) 2.750 2.750 2.750 2.750 2.750 2.750
Mf(Kn-m/m) -4.731 8.109 -11.353 -10.321 7.096 -10.321
a. Kr 0.096 0.165 0.230 0.209 0.144 0.209
a. 100 0.028 0.049 0.068 0.062 0.043 0.062
b. 100(max) 2.243 2.243 2.243 2.243 2.243 2.243
c. As strength(mm2/m) 62.902 108.116 151.749 137.841 94.527 137.841
d. Asmin (mm2/m) 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000
e. As req. 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000
f. 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000
lesser 3t or 500
750.000 750.000 750.000 750.000 750.000 750.000
max spacing 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000
g. possible bars 10M @ 300 10M @ 300 10M @ 300 10M @ 300 10M @ 300 10M @ 300
Ab 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000
spacing 200.000 200.000 200.000 200.000 200.000 200.000
bar and spacing 10M @ 300 10M @ 300 10M @ 250 10M @ 250 10M @ 300 10M @ 250
spacing 200.000 200.000 250.000 250.000 200.000 250.000
h. As provided 500.000 500.000 400.000 400.000 500.000 400.000
i a(mm) 12.876 12.876 10.301 10.301 12.876 10.301
i. Mr (KN-m/m) 36.646 36.646 29.492 29.492 36.646 29.492

Transverse steel
d. As min 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000
bars and spacing 10 M @ 300 10 M @ 300 10 M @ 300 10 M @ 300 10 M @ 300 10 M @ 300
 T-Beam

Basic Geometry
Slab dimensions
Beam Span 2250 mm Clear span = Beam Span - bw f'c 25
Thickness 250 mm 2250 mm fy 400
Column width 500 mm ln 2250 c 0.65
Span 2750 s 0.85
Bar dia 10M 11.3
wf 15.0125 25M 25.5 dreq'd 68.38838 mm
mf -7.600078125 Cover Top 20 Slab cover 20 mm
b 2.24 Bottom 30 30 mm
1.12 amax 20 mm
Bar Dia (top) 25M
Assuming a<hf

h=ln/21 107.1428571 mm Table 2.1 Kr 3.25

h=ln/18.5 121.6216216 mm h 112.4383846 200 mm
h 200 mm neg. Moment
d 155.95 mm
Dlfinishes 0.3125 kpa pos. Moment
Dlslab 7.8125 kpa d 145.95 mm
DLbeam 3 kpa dv Lesser of .72h 144
Wf 67.19166667 kN/m .9d 18.325
Vf (kN) 86.92921875 kN
Vrmax (kN) .25*C*f'c*bw*dv 292.5 > 86.92921875 vf
Assume min stirrpus
Vc (kN) .21*C*f'c^.5*bw*dv 49.14 Vf required = 37.78921875

Section a b c d e
Shear
Ceof 0.5 0.575 0.5 Vs=Vf therefore s= 546.883653
ln 2250 2250 2250 smax= .7dv or 600 100.8
vf(kN) 75.59 86.93 75.59 10M@100mm
Moment
Coef -0.063 0.071 -0.063 -0.091 0.063
ln 2250.000 2250.000 2250.000 2250.000 2250.000 Note: clear span
Mf(kN-m) -21.260 24.297 -21.260 -30.923 21.260 21.25986328 24.29699 21.259863 30.92344 21.2598633
Kr -1.748 1.998 -1.748 -2.543 1.748
(%) 0.57 0.64 0.57 0.82 0.57 Inflextion point
As min 250 250 250 250 250 2324.3 mm
As req (mm^2) 444.458 467.040 444.458 639.395 415.958
As proved 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
reinf't 2-25M 2-25M 2-25M 2-25M 2-25M
d (mm) 155.95 145.95 155.95 155.95 145.95
a (mm) 51.50 51.50 51.50 51.50 51.50
Mr (kN-m) 44.27 40.87 44.27 44.27 40.87
Determine bf
overhang
Overhang Continuous
b) (1/10)*Span 275.00 mm
c) 12hf 3000 mm
d) 1/2*Clear span 1125.00
Overhang
Min of a),b),c) 275.00 mm

bf=bw+2overhang= 1050.00 mm

assume a=hf
Mr 60.67 KN-m Positive
Kr 1.75 negative
Kr 2.00 Positive

Reinforcement Limit
Minimum
Asmin 250 mm^2
Maximum
Cmax /d 0.64
amax 84.29 < hf 200

a 51.50 < 84.29 < 200

Clearance on Bar

s 183.2
Smin 1.4db 35.7
1.4amax 28 < 183.2
30 30

Crack Conctrol Reinforcement

fs 160
dc 54.05
Area 18016.66667
z 15859.03277 < 25000 N/m (exposed) 2-28 CDH

assumed 20M bars

d negative 155.95
d positive 145.95

131.355
dv
144 governs
Tension reinforcement in overhang (cl. 10.5.3.1)

minimum 1/20* beam span 275 mm

12*flange thickness 3000
1/2* clear distance to the next web 1375
Area of Flange steel within width b' 275 >= 275

1-25M @ 500mm

Column Design

TA: 2.75
5.5
LL+DL = 369.5541667 kN
M= 21.260 kNm
M= 0 kNm
fc' = 25 Mpa
fy = 400 Mpa

Dimensions:
h= 300 mm
d= 300 mm
ln = 2750 mm
= 24 kN/m3
lu= 3.6576
Self Weight:
D= 5.94 kN

Maximum Axial Load:

Pf = 369.5541667 kN
Mf = 21.260 kNm
e= 57.52840909 mm
 Column Design:
Assume: Ag 29564.33333 mm2
h> 171.94282 mm
Try square column of both dimensions = 300 mm
r= 90 mm
Ag = 90000
Fire Resistance Rating: R= 3 hrs (Table 7.3)

Slenderness:
k= 0.83 * Assumed Elastic/Elastic
M1/M2 = 0 25-10(M1/M2) / (Pf/fc'*Ag)^0.5 :
k*ln/r 33.7312 61.68679635
*therefore slenderness effects may be ignored
*short column

Column Reinforcing:
Interior Column FRR: R= 2 hrs (Table 7.3)
Ties: 10M 11.3 mm
Bars: 20M 19.5 mm
Cover: 35 mm
h = 190.5
= 0.635
= 0.6
Using interaction curve: Figure= 7.11.2
a) Pf/Ag = 4.106157407 Mpa
Mf/Ag*h = 0.787402344 Mpa
From diagram: = 0.02
Longitudinal Bars:
As = 1800 mm2
6 - 20 M's 300 mm2
Asprov = 1800 mm2

Ties:
Bar: 20M 19.5 mm
Tie: 10 M 11.3 mm
tie dia. 5.85 10M

312 mm
S.L.: 542.4 mm
300 mm
Lesser governs: 300 mm

6 - 20M bars @ 300mm

300 x 300 mm
Strip Footing B/W= 36.66666667 >20 OK *From FEM

Dimensions: Select Steel:

depth= 1219.2 mm 0.8125
middle width= 300 mm 0.9075
thickness (t)= 150 mm Bars: cover= 75
= 16 kN/m2 15M 16
q a= 100 kN/m2 d= 67
Mf= 1.991 mm
Loads: s 0.85 mm
Wbeam= 28.725 kN/m 1.991 = 20502*As mm
Wfooting= 3.6 kN/m As= 97.09668954 kNm
Wsoil= 2.92608 kN/m 15M @ 500
q= 100 = 6.52608 + 150/b Asprov= 300
b= 1.604725682 m a= 11.96060038 mm2
a= 0.652362841 m 652.3628409 c= 13.00065258 mm Transfer of force from wall to footing:
wf= 15.0125 kN/m c/d= 0.194039591 mm2 A2= 1604725.7
qf= 9.355181493 kN/m2 Mr= 6.224009381 Ac= 300000
Asmin= 300 mm2 Ac < A2 OK
Thickness for Shear: *Use Asmin in opposite directi < Fbrwall= 4143.75 kN/m
Vf= 9.35518149333333* (652.362840886527-dv) kNm 4143.75 > 15.0125
0.21 Development Length < OK
Theta= 42 k1= 1
Vc= 614.25 dv k2= 1
dv= 9.786597285 mm k3= 1
d= 10.87399698 mm k4= 0.8
d= 13.59249623 mm ld= 460.8
d= 13.59249623 lavailable= 385.8
2dv= 19.57319457 < 652.3628409
0.636363636
Deflection Instantaneous
300
Ec= 22500
n= 8.89
fr= 3
Ar= 3.52
Ct= 0.26
Ig= 11083840.13 mm4
ytb= 153.35
Mcr= 216.84 kNm
C= 0.06
f= 15.47
kd= 106.79
Icr= 978346599.71 mm4
Ma= 30.92 kNm
Ieff= 958674057.89 mm4
P= 86.93
inst= 13.97 mm

Allowable Deflection l/360 15.28

Long Term 5 years or more

s= 2
'= 0
Load factor= 3
d+l= 41.91 mm
d= 30.38 mm
l= 11.53 mm
sl+d= 37.98 mm
ls= 7.60 mm
lt= 3.93 mm
t= 17.90 mm
Embedment Lentgh
For Slab
f'c 25 ID for 10M 70 G 140
fy 400
Bar size(mm) 11.3
Cover 20
Checking Slab thickness
t= 160
27.4 > 0
Therefore
180 degree hooks are ok

180 degree hooks

Idh= lhbx(k's) lhb= 100db/(f'c)^1/2 ldh= ldhmin=
K1 1 226 158 > 150
K2 1 governs
K3 1
K4 0.7
K5 1
For beam
f'c 25 ID for 25M 150 G 280
fy 400
Bar size(mm) 25.2
Cover 20
Checking T Beam thickness
t= 360
119.6 > 0
180 degree hooks
Idh= lhbx(k's) lhb= 100db/(f'c)^1/2 ldh= ldhmin=
K1 1 504 353 > 150
K2 1 governs
K3 1
K4 0.7
K5 1
For Footing
f'c 25 ID for 15M 100 G 180
fy 400
Bar size(mm) 16
Cover 20
Checking T Beam thickness
t= 300
128 > 0
180 degree hooks
Idh= lhbx(k's) lhb= 100db/(f'c)^1/2 ldh= ldhmin=
K1 1 320 224 > 150
K2 1 governs
K3 1
K4 0.7
K5 1
For Columns
f'c 25 ID for 20M 120 G 220
fy 400
Bar size(mm) 19.5
Cover 20
Checking T Beam thickness
t= 300
101 > 0
180 degree hooks
Idh= lhbx(k's) lhb= 100db/(f'c)^1/2 ldh= ldhmin=
K1 1 390 273 > 150
K2 1 governs
K3 1
K4 0.7
K5 1
Cost and Quantities

Rebar Concrete
3.00$/kg 1000 $/m^3
Mass per unit length (kg/m) Cost per meter
10M 0.785 2.355
15M 1.57 4.71
20M 2.355 7.065
25M 3.925 11.775
Quantities of rebar (m)
For Slab
10M 307.82 m 724.92

For Beam
25M 92.57 m 1089.99
10M 506.00 m 1191.63
For Columns
20M 20.12 m 142.12
10M 133.77 m 315.04
For Footings
15M 33.66 m 158.54
Total Cost of 3622.24
Rebar

Total Amount of
10M 947.60 m
15M 33.66 m
20M 20.12 m
25M 92.57 m

Quantity of Concrete (m^3)

Slab
30.25 30250.00
Beams
5.50 5500.00
Columns
4.94 4937.76
Footings
7.94 7943.39
Total Cost
Amount of 48.63 48631.15 $
Concrete

Total Cost of Deck 52253.39 $