Logic of space-time and relativity

theory
Hajnal Andreka, Judit X. Madarasz and Istvan Nemeti
October 20, 2006
Contents
1 Introduction 3
2 Special relativity 4
2.1 Motivation for special relativistic kinematics in place of Newtonian
kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Axiomatization Specrel of special relativity in first-order logic 15
2.4 Characteristic differences between Newtonian and special relativistic
kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.5 Explicit description of all models of Specrel, basic logical
investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.6 Observer-independent geometries in relativity theory; duality
and definability theory of logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.7 Conceptual analysis and reverse relativity . . . . . . . . . . 59
3 General relativistic space-time 60
3.1 Transition to general relativity: accelerated observers in special
relativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.2 Einsteins locally special relativity principle . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3 Worldlines of inertial observers and photons in a general relativistic
space-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.4 The global grid seen with the eyes of the local grids: general
relativistic space-time in metric-tensor field form . . . . . . . 72
3.5 Isomorphisms between general relativistic space-times . . . . 75
3.6 Axiomatization Genrel of general relativistic space-time in
first-order logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
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4 Black holes, wormholes, timewarp. Distinguished general
relativistic space-times 84
4.1 Special relativity as special case of general relativity . . . . . 85
4.2 The Schwarzschild black hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.3 Double black holes, wormholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4.4 Black holes with antigravity (i.e. with a cosmological constant
). Triple black holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.5 Einsteins field equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5 Connections with the literature 109
References 110
Index 117
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