University of the East

Caloocan Campus
College of Engineering

Experiment # 4
DC Motor

Energy Conversion Laboratory

NEE 419 1 ECT
THU 1:30-4:30

Submitted by:

Name: Torres ,Christian Paul E.

Student Number: 2011-11-53458

Year and Course: 4th yr. BS. ECE

Submitted to:

Engr. Antonio C. Rebong

List of Instruments :
DC Machine- Set Provides a set of predetermined electrical and mechanical parameters

for various DC machine ratings of power (HP), DC voltage (V), rated speed (rpm), and field

voltage (V).
DC Voltmeter - Is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference

between two points in an electric circuit.

DC Ammeter - Instruments used to measure smaller currents, in the milliampere or

microampere range, are designated as milliammeters or microammeters.

Tachometer - Is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk in a motor

or other machines. The device usually displays the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a

calibrated analogue dial, but digital displays are increasingly common.

Connecting Wires - An adaptor used to effectively bring together dissimilar connectors.
Electrodynamometer - Is an instrument used for measuring the electric power.

Data/Table:
RUN 1: Starting DC Motor
Tria Line Current Speed
Loading Condition
Starting Running
l (rpm)
1 No Load 2.6 A 0.5A 1330
With the

Dynamometer
2 4.0A 0.6A --
Connected to the

motor (T=0)
Dynamometer with

3 a torque output of 2 NA -- --

to 3 lb-in
4 Maximum Torque NA -- --

RUN 2: Speed Control of DC Motors

Trial Rheostat Field Current, IF Speed (rpm)

Setting
1 Minimum 0.32A 1330 rpm

Position
2 Maximum 0.13A 2590 rpm

Position

RUN 3: Reversing DC Motors

Trial Condition Terminal Direction of Remark

 connection Rotation
1 Initial A1F1,A2F2,A1(+), Clockwise No

Connection A2(-) Change

2 Interchange A1F2,A2F1,A1(+), Counterclock Reverse

Field A2(-) wise

Connection
3 Interchange A2F1,A1F2,A1(+), Counterclock Reverse

Armature A2(-) wise

Connection
4 Interchange A1F1,A2F2,A1(-),A Clockwise No

Supply 2(+) Change

Connection

Question/Answers:
1. When a dc motor is driven without any load, why is the armature current very small?
a. Whenever the speed is steady, the motor torque must be equal and opposite of the

load torque. Motor torque is proportional to armature current, so we can expect the

armature current of an unloaded motor to be very small. When no real load

 torque is applied, we are left with friction, due to bearing, brush friction. The friction

torque is therefore reflected in the no-load current.

2. When a load is connected to dc motor, the armature current rises in value. Why?
a. The steady running current must be such as to produce a torque equal and opposite

to the load torque, so in the steady state it is the load torque that determines the

armature current. So when a load is connected to the motor the torque increases,

the motor then generates more current to counter and oppose the torque of the

applied load.

3. In your own word define the following: applied torque, developed torque and output

torque?
a. Applied torque means the torque of the load or the weight of the load applied at

the motor shaft.

b. Developed torque is the rotational force produced inside the motor to counter the

applied torque, it is the theoretical or computed value of the motor torque.

c. Output torque is the actual torque at the load after the losses due to friction takes

place.
4. An eight pole, 1500 rpm shunt motor has a wave wound armature with 400 inductors. If

the air gap flux per pole is 2.0 x 10 6maxwells, what horsepower will be developed for a

normal armature current of 60amps?

Given: a = 1 x 2 = 2, p = 8poles, S= 1500, Z = 400 inductors, = 2.0 x 10 6, IA = 60A

Solution:

Discussion:

In this experiment DC Motors, we will learn how to limit the starting current

of dc motors, know the factors that affect the torque output of a dc motor, and also learn
and see how to control the speed of dc motors. The field windings are wound on the

poles of the stator and are supplied with DC current, which produces the main magnetic

field of the machine. The armature windings are placed in the rotor slots, which are

uniformly distributed around the rotors periphery. Voltage supplied in the armature

winding is made of the alternating form by the use of the commutator, this voltage will

now produce equal but opposite forces around the armature core. Since there is a

presence of magnetic field generated from the poles, these equal and opposite forces

create rotary motion under the influence of the magnetic field generated by the poles.

Conclusion:
In this experiment DC Motors, we were able to come up with a

conclusion that this DC or direct current motor works on the principal,

when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it

experiences a torque and has a tendency to move. DC motors are electrical

machines which convert electrical power into mechanical power, this

developed mechanical power and torque developed depends on the speed

at which the armature core spins, this speed is controlled by the applied

voltage at the DC motor armature winding and the current supplied to the
field windings, which will provides the magnetic flux which in turn causes

the rotary motion coupled with the equal and opposite forces that are

developed in the armature windings due to the supplied voltage.

Reference:

http://www.electrical4u.com/dc-motor-or-direct-current-motor/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC Voltmeter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC Ammeter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachometer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodynamometer
 Introduction:

DC motors are commonly used to operate machinery in a variety of

applications on the factory floor. DC motors were one of the first types of
energy converters used in industry. Recall that the earliest machines require
speed control and DC motors could have their speed changed by varying
the voltage sent to them. The earliest speed controls for DC motors were
nothing more than large resistors.

DC motors required large amounts of DC voltage for operation. In other

words, a source for the DC voltage is needed at the factory. This creates a
problem because DC voltage can't be generated and distributed over a long
distance, so AC voltage is the industry standard. One way to provide the DC
voltage is to use generators that are set up at the factory site where large
AC motors are used to turn them to produce the amount of required DC
voltage. This system uses a large AC motor to drive a DC generator directly
at a constant speed. The field current in the generator is regulated to adjust
the level of DC voltage from the generator, which in turn is used to vary the
speed of any DC motor that the generator powers. This system, the Ward-
Lennard system, was popular until solid-state diodes became available for
rectifying large amounts of AC voltage to DC for use in motor-driven circuits.
Once solid-state diodes and SCRs became available, DC motors became
more usable in industry.

In this section we will introduce the concepts of controlling a DC motors

speed, its torque, and being able to reverse the direction of its rotation. It's
also important to be able to recognize the features that make the series,
shunt, and compound DC motors different from each other. One should also
have a good understanding of the basic parts of the DC motor so that when
one must troubleshoot a DC motor circuit, one will be able to recognize a
malfunctioning component and make repairs or replace parts as quickly as
possible.